CN102981391A - Method for generating random electromagnetic gaussian schell model vortex beam - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for generating a random electromagnetic gaussian schell model vortex beam. The method comprises the steps of adopting two perpendicular polarization laser beams to synthesize, regulating and controlling coherence by a rotary frosted glass plate, and generating the random electromagnetic gaussian schell model vortex beam through a gaussian amplitude filter and a spiral phase plate. With the adoption of the method, the beam generation is simple; a measurement device is simple in structure, the coherence of the generated electromagnetic vortex beam can be controlled through the size of a light spot focused onto the rotary frosted glass plate through a thin lens can be regulated, the light intensity of the beam at a focus can be adjusted to vary continuously from hollow distribution, flat top distribution to gaussian distribution, and more diversified selections are provided for an actual demand. With the adoption of the technical scheme, the generation of the vortex beam through computer graphics programming and spatial light modulator switching is simplified, the cost of a product is lowered, and the provided random electromagnetic gaussian schell model vortex beam has important application prospects in biomedicine, laser processing and other aspects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the at random method of electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams of a kind of generation, the laser beam that is a kind of usefulness two bundle polarization orthogonal is synthetic, regulates and control the coherence, produces the at random method of electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams with G amplitude filter plate and spiral phase plate with frosted glass plate.
Technical background
In recent years, the electromagnetism light beam is because its unique polarization characteristic and coherence have caused very large concern at random, and this light beam free space frequency domain 2 * 2 rank cross spectrum density matrix characterize.Because light field coherence's impact, the degree of polarization of electromagnetism light beam can change in transmission course at random, electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo light beam is as the expansion of scalar Gauss Xie Ermo light beam at random, is a kind of typically electromagnetism light beam at random, and its experiment produces and correlative study obtains extensive concern.Electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo light beam is widely applied in fields such as free optical communication, biological skin, laserresonator, positive and negative refraction rate medium, nonlinear medium, inertial confinement fusion, complicated optical systems at random.The degree of polarization that electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo light beam is at random found in research and degree of coherence can be with the characteristic of transmission medium different changing, at free optical communication, there is potential using value the aspects such as medical treatment and information transmission processing.
In addition, the light beam that has helical phase carries the extensive concern that has caused people.This beam center has a singular point, causes that the light field center is dim spot and carries orbital angular momentum, has important application in fields such as cold atom, particle capture.Because this light beam carries orbital angular momentum, can be used as the information coding carrier.Swartzlander and its co-worker theoretical with experimental study the related partial coherence vortex beams with time domain of the related singular point of spiral [G. A. Swartzlander, Jr. and J. Schmit, " Temporal Correlation Vortices and Topological Dispersion; " Phys. Rev. Lett. 93,093901 (2004)].Recently, the electromagnetism vortex beams (also can be described as: partial coherence partial polarization vortex) the transport property research in free space and turbulent atmosphere [G. Gbur and R. K. Tyson at random, " Vortex beam propagation through atmospheric turbulence and topological charge conservation; " J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25,225-230 (2008)] also received concern.And the generation device of electromagnetism vortex beams has no report at random.
The method that produces vortex beams in the prior art is more loaded down with trivial details, disclose a kind of device that adopts calculation holographic and spatial light modulator to produce spiral vortex beams such as Chinese utility model patent CN 202110378 U, its equipment, technical requirement and cost are relatively high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that prior art exists, propose a kind of at random light beam coherence and control simply, can realize the strongly continuous variation of light beam light, and implement device is simple in structure, reliably, the generation with low cost method of electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams at random.
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention provides the at random method of electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams of a kind of generation, comprises the steps:
Step 1: the first laser instrument produces the laser beam of a branch of polarization, through focusing on the first frosted glass plate behind the first transmissibility of adjustable attenuation piece, the first thin lens, produces a branch of at random light beam with Gaussian statistics association; The adjustment thin lens focuses on the spot size on the frosted glass plate, the control at random coherence of light beam that produces;
Step 2: second laser produces the laser beam of the vertical polarization of the laser beam a branch of and generation of the first laser instrument, through focusing on the first frosted glass plate behind the first transmissibility of adjustable attenuation piece, the first thin lens, produce the at random light beam that another bundle has the Gaussian statistics association; The adjustment thin lens focuses on the spot size on the frosted glass plate, the control at random coherence of light beam that produces;
Step 3: the orthogonal light beam of two bundles that step 1 and 2 is produced produces at random electromagnetism Gauss vortex beams through light combination mirror and collimation lens, G amplitude filter plate and vortex beams generator;
Step 4: the at random electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams that will produce obtains at random electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams at thin lens focus place after thin lens focuses on.
Described the first helium-neon laser and the second helium-neon laser produce the orthogonal linearly polarized light of two bundle polarizations through linear polarizer respectively.
A kind of in reflective slms, hollow waveguide vortex generator or the rotation minute surface optical oscillato that described vortex beams generator is the porjection type spatial light modulator that loads of spiral phase plate, hologram sheet, hologram sheet loads.
Beneficial features of the present invention is: focus on the spot size that rotates on the frosted glass plate by thin lens, can regulate and control to produce the at random coherence of electromagnetism spiral light beam, adjustment beam changes from hollow distribution, flat-top distribution and Gaussian distribution continuously in the light intensity at focus place, for actual demand provides more various selection, the spot size of light beam can be controlled by the G amplitude filter plate; The topological charge number of vortex beams can be regulated and control by the spiral phase plate of selecting different topology lotus number; This method has been simplified relevant by computer picture programming and spatial light modulator conversion generation vortex beams greatly.This light beam is particularly aspect the optical beam manipulation particle, and the controlled light beam of this light distribution can be used for catching two kinds of different particles: refractive index is greater than 1 particulate and the hollow bubble ball particulate in liquid.In addition, the hole surface that the light beam of the light distribution of flat-top causes in material punching and ablation is rough, and smooth effect is much smaller than traditional Gaussian beam.Therefore, electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams has important application prospect at aspects such as biomedicine, Laser Processings at random.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the generation of a kind of at random electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams of providing of the embodiment of the invention and the structural representation of measurement mechanism;
Fig. 2 is that the generation of a kind of at random electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams of providing of the embodiment of the invention and at random electromagnetism Gaussian beam light intensity and coherent length that measurement mechanism produces are measured fitting result figure;
Fig. 3 is generation and the measurement mechanism of a kind of at random electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams of providing of the embodiment of the invention, when coherent length was respectively 1.80 millimeters and 0.76 millimeter, measurement mechanism recorded at random electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams in different polarization degree situation at the light distribution at focus place and theoretical meter contrast figure as a result.
Among the figure: 1, the first helium-neon laser; 2, the first transmissibility of adjustable attenuation piece; 3, the first thin lens; 4, the first frosted glass plate; 5, light combination mirror; 6, the second helium-neon laser; 7, the second transmissibility of adjustable attenuation piece; 8, the second thin lens; 9, the second frosted glass plate; 10, collimation lens; 11, G amplitude filter plate; 12, vortex beams generator; 13, thin lens; 14, CCD.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is further described.
Referring to accompanying drawing 1, it is the at random device of electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams of a kind of generation of providing of present embodiment, the first at random light-beam generator, light combination mirror 5 and Gauss's vortex converter of light-beam generator, second at random; Described first at random the laser beam sent by the first helium-neon laser 1 of light-beam generator produce a branch of at random light beam with Gaussian statistics association successively through focusing on the first frosted glass plate 4 behind the first transmissibility of adjustable attenuation piece 2, the first thin lens 3; Described second at random the laser beam sent by the second helium-neon laser 6 of light-beam generator produce the at random light beam that another bundles have the Gaussian statistics association through focusing on the second frosted glass plate 9 behind the second transmissibility of adjustable attenuation piece 7, the second thin lens 8 successively; The two bundle laser that described the first helium-neon laser 1 and the second helium-neon laser 6 send are orthogonal light beam, can adopt through linear polarizer and produce the orthogonal linearly polarized light of two bundles.
By first at random light-beam generator with second at random two bundles that produce of light-beam generator have the related at random light beam of Gaussian statistics and close bundle through light combination mirror 5 and be electromagnetism light beam at random, process Gauss vortex converter produces at random electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex light again; In the present embodiment, Gauss's vortex converter produces Gauss's vortex beams by collimation lens 10, G amplitude filter plate 11 and vortex beams generator 12, in the present embodiment, vortex beams generator 12 is spiral phase plate, in actual applications, the vortex beams generator also can adopt a kind of in porjection type that hologram loads or reflective slms, hollow waveguide vortex generator or the rotation minute surface optical oscillato, to produce Gauss's vortex beams.
The at random electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams that produces is focused on by thin lens 13, obtains at random electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams at thin lens focus place, can utilize herein 14 couples of CCD this at random the electromagnetism vortex beams measure.
In this programme, regulate the first thin lens, the second thin lens focuses on the spot size on the first frosted glass plate and the second frosted glass plate, control outgoing coherenceof light.Select the G amplitude filter plate of different size, can control the size of vortex beams.
A kind of generation that present embodiment provides is the method for electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams at random, and its principle of work is:
At random the electric field of electromagnetism vortex beams under cartesian coordinate system
Source plane expression formula is:
In the formula,
Be the electric field average amplitude,
lTopological Numbers for light beam.
Electromagnetism light beam double velocity correlation characteristic can be by as follows at random
Rank cross spectrum density matrix characterizes:
Adopt device that present embodiment provides to produce vortex beams by electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo light beam at random.Take electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo light beam as example, its statistical distribution can be expressed as:
Being respectively spectrum exists
xWith
yThe half width of direction,
It is light field
xWith
yAuto correlation width on the direction and mutual correlation width.
It is electric field
xWith
ySelf-correlation on the direction, and satisfy
。
It is electric field
xWith
yThe direction phase differential.
The electromagnetism beam polarization degree can be expressed as following form at random:
In the formula, " Tr " and " Det " is respectively mark and the determinant of cross spectrum density matrix.
The generation that present embodiment provides the at random method of electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams comprises the steps:
Step 1: the first laser instrument 1 produces the laser beam of a branch of in the x-direction polarization, through focusing on the first frosted glass plate 4 behind the first transmissibility of adjustable attenuation piece 2, the first thin lens 3, produces a branch of at random light beam with Gaussian statistics association; Its light field can be expressed as follows:
Step 2: second laser 6 produces the laser beam of a branch of in the y-direction polarization, through focusing on the first frosted glass plate 9 behind the first transmissibility of adjustable attenuation piece 7, the first thin lens 8, produces the at random light beam that another bundle has the Gaussian statistics association; Its light field can be expressed as follows:
Step 3: the orthogonal light beam process light combination mirror 5 of two bundles and collimation lens 10, G amplitude filter plate 11, spiral phase plate 12 produce at random electromagnetism Gauss vortex beams; The present embodiment topological charge
Spiral phase plate, its light field can be expressed as:
Step 4: the at random electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams that will produce can characterize with broad sense Collins integral equation by ABCD paraxial optics system transmissions:
In the formula,
It is respectively the rectangular coordinate vector on the receiving plane.
A, B, C, DIt is the transmission matrix of optical system.
Wave number,
It is wavelength.For making things convenient for integration, use following coordinate conversion:
(10)
Through replacement, the cross-spectral density function on the receiving plane is:
Through conversion, the cross-spectral density function on the receiving plane can be write as following form:
In the formula,
Be Dirac function.Through integration, following formula is reduced to following form:
(17)
Can find out:
Under the actual conditions, the at random light distribution of electromagnetism vortex beams on exit facet of general Study, as:
, at this moment,
Following formula can be write as following form:
Present embodiment is got
, under cylindrical coordinates, the light distribution of electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams can be expressed as at random:
Focus on 13 couples of electromagnetism Gausses of thin lens Xie Ermo vortex beams, to the following formula numerical evaluation, just can obtain the intensity distributions of vortex beams at the focus place.It is related that at random electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo light beam behind G amplitude filter plate 11 adopts the 2f imaging device to measure its quadravalence, and the result is carried out Gauss curve fitting, can obtain the coherent width of light beam.With correlator probe single channel transversal scanning light field recording light subnumber, Gauss curve fitting can obtain the waist width of light field.Record that the result is initially with a tight waist widely to be
Millimeter, according to formula (4),
xThe direction coherent length
Millimeter,
yThe direction coherent length
Millimeter.Referring to accompanying drawing 2, it is the distribution results of the surface of intensity distribution (Fig. 2 (a)) and the intensity correlation (quadravalence is related) (Fig. 2 (b), (c)) of the present embodiment at random electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo light beam that relates to measurement.In the present embodiment, the first thin lens 3 and the second thin lens 8 focal lengths are 10 centimetres, and the 3rd thin lens 10 focal lengths are 15 centimetres, and the 4th focal distance of thin convex lens is 40 centimetres, topological charge
Can find out that from Fig. 2 result the light distribution and the intensity correlation distribution that produce light beam all meet Gaussian distribution, can well meet with theoretical model.
Referring to accompanying drawing 3, it is that present embodiment relates in coherent length and being respectively
The millimeter and
When millimeter, record at random electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams in different polarization degree situation at the surface of intensity distribution at focus place.Among the figure, P represents the at random degree of polarization at electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo beam light source place,
A x With
A y Respectively expression
xThe amplitude of the electric field of direction polarization and
yThe amplitude of the electric field of direction polarization.As seen from Figure 3, the degree of polarization of the light distribution at focus place and light beam is closely related.When degree of polarization be P=1 (
A x =1,
A y =0) time, hollow for being similar to referring to Fig. 3 (a) in the light distribution at focus place; When degree of polarization be P=0 (
A x =
A y =1) time, in the light distribution at focus place referring to Fig. 3 (b); When degree of polarization be P=0.6 (
A x =0.5,
A y =1) time, the light distribution at the focus place changes flat-top into and distributes, referring to Fig. 3 (c); When degree of polarization be P=1 (
A x =0,
A y =1) time, changes Gaussian distribution in the light distribution of focus place, referring to Fig. 3 (d).Can be found out that by each figure in the accompanying drawing 3 along with the variation of degree of polarization, the light distribution of focus place is slowly to change.Therefore the at random electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams of present embodiment generation can be regulated and control by regulating source degree of polarization the pattern of focus place hot spot.Simultaneously, measurement result and the calculated results also coincide relatively goodly.
By theoretical calculate and measurement result is compared, notional result and measurement result are coincide finely, have proved the reliability of technical scheme provided by the invention.
Claims (3)
1. one kind produces the at random method of electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step 1: the first laser instrument (1) produces the laser beam of a branch of polarization, through focusing on the first frosted glass plate (4) behind the first transmissibility of adjustable attenuation piece (2), the first thin lens (3), produce a branch of at random light beam with Gaussian statistics association; Adjustment thin lens (3) focuses on the spot size on the frosted glass plate (4), the control at random coherence of light beam that produces;
Step 2: second laser (6) produces the laser beam of the vertical polarization of laser beam a branch of and the first laser instrument (1) generation, through focusing on the first frosted glass plate (9) behind the first transmissibility of adjustable attenuation piece (7), the first thin lens (8), produce the at random light beam that another bundle has the Gaussian statistics association; Adjustment thin lens (8) focuses on the spot size on the frosted glass plate (9), the control at random coherence of light beam that produces;
Step 3: the orthogonal light beam of two bundles that step 1 and 2 is produced produces at random electromagnetism Gauss vortex beams through light combination mirror (5) and collimation lens (10), G amplitude filter plate (11) and vortex beams generator;
Step 4: the at random electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams that will produce obtains at random electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams at thin lens focus place after thin lens (13) focuses on.
2. a kind of generation according to claim 1 method of electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams at random, it is characterized in that: described the first helium-neon laser (1) and the second helium-neon laser (6) produce the orthogonal linearly polarized light of two bundle polarizations through linear polarizer respectively.
3. a kind of generation according to claim 1 method of electromagnetism Gauss Xie Ermo vortex beams at random is characterized in that: a kind of in the reflective slms that the porjection type spatial light modulator that vortex beams generator (12) loads for spiral phase plate, hologram sheet, hologram sheet load, hollow waveguide vortex generator or the rotation minute surface optical oscillato.
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