Background technology
Microwave heating makes a big difference compared with traditional heating means, and traditional heating method is to rely on thermal source, by approach such as radiation, conduction, convection current, first makes the surface heating of object, then through thermal conduction, inner temperature is from outward appearance to inner essence progressively raise.And that microwave has is energy-efficient, rate of heating fast, homogeneous heating, instantaneity, safety and environmental protection, sanitation and hygiene, be suitable for the advantages such as control.Therefore the relevant device of design research and development microwave heating be human social development in the urgent need to.
Because plasma body has higher temperature and energy density, can produce activeconstituents, thereby cause the physical change and the chemical reaction that in conventional chemical reaction, can not or be difficult to realization.Therefore this patent design is a set of by the plasma reforming device system of microwave-driven, have efficient, easily start, the advantage such as easy to control.For driving the microwave energy of microwave plasma reformer to produce by microwave sources such as magnetron, transit time tube, semiconductor microactuator wave producers.The microwave frequency that native system adopts is 2.45GHz, and microwave transmission line is rectangular waveguide, has the advantages such as simple in structure, physical strength is large, can also avoid external interference and radiation loss.
Some investigators have studied microwave plasma with different methods.The mode of activated plasma has plug ignition, laser ignition, corona discharge pulse igniting, dielectric barrier discharge etc.By also can activated plasma [United States Patent, No.5793013, August11,1998] to the particular design of resonator cavity, [United States Patent, No.6205769, B1, March27,2001].Document [S.P.Kuo, " A microwave-augmented plasma torch module as anigniter/fuel injector of a scramjet engine ", Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY11201] in introduced a kind of miniaturization, low flow velocity, the integrated plasma generating device of injection igniting, utilize special waveguide shapes, the concentration of energy producing, can effectively realize igniting.Document [Hidetoshi Sekiguchi and Yoshihiro Mori, " Steam plasma reforming usingmicrowave discharge ", Thin Solid Films, Vo1.453, pp.44-48,2003] done microwave discharge and generated the research of the pure steam plasma body in atmosphere, and with the research of reforming plasma hydrocarbon polymer hydrogen manufacturing, and used a rectangular cavity without hot regeneration, microwave power and current control.
Several sparking mode described in background technology have certain limitation, plug ignition mode needs periodic replacement, environment is had higher requirements, laser, the sparking mode such as pulse need high-voltage, high alternating voltage, document [S.P.Kuo, " Amicrowave-augmented plasma torch module as an igniter/fuel injector of a scramjet engine ", Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY11201] what produce is low flow velocity plasma body, be unfavorable for carrying out fast of reaction.Document [HidetoshiSekiguchi and Yoshihiro Mori, " Steam plasma reforming using microwave discharge ", Thin SolidFilms, Vo1.453, pp.44-48,2003] in, in simple in structure, the chamber of rectangular cavity, electromagnetic field analysis is also than being easier to, and the electromagnetic field field intensity still obtaining is relatively little, the distance of reactant gases in chamber is short, and transformation efficiency is lower.Therefore, the present invention has designed two special cavitys---igniting chamber 1014 and annulus reaction chamber 1015; Igniting chamber 1014 is for lighting plasma body, and geometrical shape is taper, microwave by time can form high-density microwave energy, there is very high field intensity, in the time that field intensity reaches the breaking down field strength of gas, will produce microwave sparking, mixed gas is lighted.Reaction chamber 1015 is designed to the cylinder body shape of annular, and ring cross-section is identical with rectangular waveguide sectional dimension, is conducive to the propagation of microwave in reaction chamber, and produces higher field intensity, continual for reaction provides energy, keeps reaction in plasmoid.By adjusting the control of reverberator 1013 to make whole system possess self-starting function to electricity.
For solving technical problem above, the invention provides a kind of microwave plasma reforming system of novel, efficient, the onboard fuel that starts fast, compact construction.
Technical scheme accompanying drawings of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of microwave plasma reforming system of onboard fuel, mainly by industrial computer, magnetron, magnetron power source regulation device, electricity is adjusted reverberator, circulator, igniting chamber and reaction chamber composition, described industrial computer 1001 is used for gathering the signal in whole system, and send microwave power conditioning signal 1002 according to requirement of experiment to magnetron power source regulation device 1003, regulate magnetron 1004 voltage of supply by magnetron power source regulation device 1003, make magnetron 1004 output ratings adjustable continuously, described magnetron 1004 is connected by magnetic control base with circulator 1012, circulator 1012 is connected with igniting chamber 1014 and reaction chamber 1015 respectively, magnetron 1004 is for becoming electric energy conversion the microwave output of 2.45GHz frequency, according to whether lighting a fire in igniting chamber, industrial computer 1001 adjusts reverberator 1013 to send metal cylinder 1024 depth adjustment signals 1005 to electricity, regulate electricity to adjust the reflection ratio of reverberator 1013.
Described electricity adjusts reverberator 1013 to be connected with igniting chamber 1014 with circulator 1012, for regulating the microwave energy that enters igniting chamber 1014, when igniting chamber 1014 completes after igniting, need by regulate electricity adjust metal cylinder 1024 depth of penetration of reverberator 1013 by microwave reflection in reaction chamber 1015.
Described circulator 1012 adopts two, connect by a U-shaped waveguide 1011, the lower port I1006 of circulator 1012 below connects magnetron 1004, lower port II1008 connects electricity and adjusts reverberator 1013, lower port III 1007 connects U-shaped waveguide 1011, the upper port I1006 ' of the circulator 1012 of top connects reaction chamber 1015, upper port II 1008 ' connect absorbing load 1010, upper port III 1007 ' connect U-shaped waveguide 1011, microwave is from the lower port I1006 input of below circulator 1012, the electricity that first arrives lower port II1008 is adjusted reverberator 1013, adjust the adjusting of reverberator 1013 by electricity, microwave is reflected to the U-shaped waveguide 1011 of lower port III1007, by U-shaped waveguide 1011 propagate into top circulator 1012 upper port III 1007 ', then enter the reaction chamber 1015 of upper port I1006 ', the microwave reflecting from reaction chamber 1015 along circulator 1012 enter upper port II 1008 ' absorbing load 1010, microwave is propagated and is avoided microwave reflection to return magnetron 1004 along such track, magnetron 1004 is burnt.
Described igniting chamber 1014 is designed to curved tapers, at cone-shaped cavity place, between the upper and lower apart from diminishing gradually, seamlessly transitted by camber line, working is, when microwave by time form high-density microwave energy and there is field intensity, in the time that field intensity reaches the breaking down field strength of gas, produce sparking, reactant gases is lighted; Described reaction chamber 1015 is designed to the cylinder body shape of annular, and its ring cross-section and U-shaped waveguide 1011 square-sections are measure-alike, is beneficial to the propagation of microwave in reaction chamber 1015, continual for reaction provides energy, keeps reaction in plasmoid; Mixed gas enters igniting chamber 1014 and reaction chamber 1015 by the vertical silica tube 1016 being connected with reaction chamber 1015 through igniting chamber 1014, is beneficial to insulation and observes.
Described silica tube 1016 is vertical can produce two circular holes that diameter is identical with silica tube diameter through igniting chamber 1014, for preventing that microwave can be by circular hole to external irradiation, at circular hole periphery processing coupling aperture 1018, overflow to reduce microwave, in igniting chamber 1014 and reaction chamber 1015, add pin 1017, by regulating pin 1017 depth of penetration to regulate impedance matching.
Described silica tube 1016 penetrates and passes reaction chamber 1015 and can stay the circular hole of two silica tube diameter, for preventing microwave leakage, open several coupling apertures 1018 at circular hole periphery, and add several pins 1017 on reaction chamber 1015 annulus surfaces, make reaction chamber 1015 reach resonant condition by the depth of penetration that regulates pin 1017.
Described silica tube 1016 is bending up and down along being parallel to reaction 1015 axial direction dues in reaction chamber 1015, to increase the stroke of reactant gases in reaction chamber 1015, has improved reactivity, and raw material is fully reacted.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following effect:
(1) each parts connect compact and reasonable more, reduce volume and cost-saving
(2) optimized being connected of igniting chamber and reaction chamber, improved microwave and lighted a fire and heating efficiency
(3) integrated microwave igniting in one, adjusts reverberator to regulate igniting and heat by electricity with microwave heating function
(4) native system can continuously adjustablely carry out chemical reaction, and has the transformation efficiency of very high chemical reaction
Brief description of the drawings
The microwave plasma reforming system of Fig. 1 onboard fuel
The microwave plasma reforming system A-A of Fig. 2 onboard fuel is to view
Fig. 3 chamber of lighting a fire
Fig. 4 lights a fire chamber A-A to view
Fig. 5 reaction chamber
Fig. 6 reaction chamber B-B view
Fig. 7 reaction chamber A-A view
Fig. 8 electricity is adjusted reflector structure figure
In figure:
1001. industrial computer, 1002. microwave power conditioning signal, 1003. magnetron power source regulation device, 1004. magnetron, 1005. electricity are adjusted reverberator baffle plate degree of depth adjustment signal, 1006. lower port I, 1006 ' upper port I, 1007. lower port III, 1007 '. upper port III, 1008. lower port II, 1008 '. upper port II, 1009. ring flange, 1010. absorbing load, 1011.U shape waveguide, 1012. circulator, 1013. electricity are adjusted reverberator, 1014. igniting chamber, 1015. reaction chamber, 1016. silica tube, 1017. pin, 1018. coupling aperture, 1019. coupling iris, 1020. reaction chamber outer wall, 1021. reaction chamber inwall, 1022. coupling bar seams, 1023. motor, 1024. metal cylinder, 1025. waveguide cross section.
Embodiment
Microwave plasma reforming system is consulted Fig. 1: industrial computer 1001 is used for the signal in acquisition system, and send microwave power conditioning signal 1002 according to requirement of experiment to magnetron power source regulation device 1003, make magnetron 1004 output ratings adjustable continuously, according to whether lighting a fire in igniting chamber, industrial computer 1001 adjusts reverberator 1013 to send metal cylinder (1024) depth adjustment signal 1005 to electricity, regulates electricity to adjust the reflection ratio of reverberator 1013.Magnetron 1004 is for becoming electric energy conversion the microwave output of 2.45GHz frequency, and magnetron power source regulation device 1003 is used for regulating magnetron 1004 voltage of supply, makes magnetron 1004 output ratings adjustable continuously.Magnetic control base is used for connecting magnetron 1004 and circulator 1012.Circulator 1012 is for connecting igniting chamber 1014 and reaction chamber 1015, and microwave is propagated and had unidirectional transmission property in circulator 1012, and incident wave energy is passed through smoothly, and reflection wave is owing to can not being passed through by resistance absorption.Electricity adjusts reverberator 1013 to be connected with igniting chamber 1014 with circulator 1012, for regulating the microwave energy that enters igniting chamber 1014, when igniting chamber 1014 completes after igniting, need by regulate electricity adjust the baffle plate depth of penetration of reverberator 1013 by microwave reflection in reaction chamber 1015.Absorbing load 1010, for absorbing the microwave energy reflecting from reaction chamber 1015, avoids microwave reflection to return magnetron 1004, and magnetron 1004 is burnt.Consult Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, native system adopts two circulators 1012, connect by a U-shaped waveguide 1011, the lower port I1006 of circulator 1012 below connects magnetron 1004, lower port II 1008 connects electricity and adjusts reverberator 1013, and lower port III 1007 connects U-shaped waveguide 1011, and the upper port I1006 ' of the circulator 1012 of top connects reaction chamber 1015, upper port II1008 ' connects absorbing load 1010, upper port III 1007 ' connect U-shaped waveguide 1011.Design can realize the lower port I1006 input of microwave from below circulator 1012 like this, the electricity that first arrives lower port II1008 is adjusted reverberator 1013, adjust the adjusting microwave of reverberator 1013 to be reflected to the U-shaped waveguide 1011 of lower port III 1007 by electricity, by U-shaped waveguide 1011 propagate into top circulator 1012 upper port III 1007 ', then enter the reaction chamber 1015 of upper port I1006 ', the microwave reflecting from reaction chamber 1015 enters the absorbing load 1010 of upper port II1008 ' along circulator 1012, microwave is propagated and can be avoided microwave reflection to return magnetron 1004 along such track, magnetron 1004 is burnt.Such structure can realize the function of system, and puts compactness, reasonable, has reduced the volume of system.The design contacting of igniting chamber 1014 and reaction chamber 1015, the microwave radiation of bringing can avoid silica tube 1016 pass igniting chamber 1014 and enter reaction chamber 1015 time, the while is also conducive to the heat-insulating property of silica tube 1016.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram in igniting chamber 1014, igniting chamber 1014 is designed to curved tapers, at cone-shaped cavity place, between the upper and lower apart from diminishing gradually, seamlessly transitted by camber line, thereby field intensity herein increases, in the time that field intensity reaches the breaking down field strength of reactant gases, reactant gases in silica tube 1016 is provoked into plasmoid, and therefore native system has self-starting advantage.
Fig. 4, silica tube 1016 is vertical through igniting chamber 1014, can produce a circular hole that diameter is identical with silica tube 1015 diameters with reaction chamber 1015 connections, because silica tube 1015 can not stop microwave, microwave can be by circular hole to external irradiation, thereby, add several coupling apertures 1018 at circular hole periphery, by single spin-echo, microwave energy offsets principle, position and the quantity of appropriate design coupling aperture 1018, reduce overflowing of microwave energy.The tip in igniting chamber 1014 adds two (quantity is decided according to the actual requirements) pins 1017, by regulating the depth of penetration of pin 1017, regulates the impedance matching in igniting chamber 1014, improves the field intensity in igniting chamber 1014.
Fig. 5 is the conceptual schematic drawing of reaction chamber 1015.The design of reaction chamber 1015 need make the microwave energy in cavity as far as possible high, therefore reaction chamber 1015 is made to the cylinder of annular, like this at cavity center meeting forming energy strong point, can reduce the volume of reaction chamber simultaneously.Reaction chamber 1015 is connected with circulator 1012 by coupling iris 1019, inputs microwave by coupling iris 1019 in reaction chamber 1015.Violent burning in the silica tube 1016 of reactant gases in reaction chamber 1015, silica tube 1016 penetrates and passes reaction chamber 1015 and can stay the circular hole of two silica tube diameter, can cause microwave leakage, therefore open several coupling apertures 1018 at circular hole periphery, the same millet cake fire of method chamber 1014 is identical.Add several pins 1017 in reaction chamber 1015 appropriate locations, annulus surface, make reaction chamber 1015 reach resonant condition by the depth of penetration that regulates pin 1017.
Fig. 6 is that silica tube 1016 is put schematic diagram in reaction chamber 1015, bending up and down along being parallel to reaction chamber 1015 axial direction dues in reaction chamber 1015 of silica tube 1016, to increase the stroke of reactant gases in reaction chamber 1015, improve reactivity, raw material is fully reacted.Choosing of silica tube 1016 is because it has the advantages such as good heat insulating, light transmission are good, facilitated the observed and recorded of experiment and carrying out smoothly of reaction.
Fig. 7 is the coupling iris 1019 of microwave system, and microwave is inputted microwave by coupling iris 1019 in reaction chamber 1015, and by hole seam size and reaction chamber 1015 sizes of optimal coupling diaphragm 1019, makes reaction chamber 1015 reach resonant condition.