CN100401571C - Module type tubular solid oxide fuel cell power generating system - Google Patents
Module type tubular solid oxide fuel cell power generating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN100401571C CN100401571C CNB2005100167015A CN200510016701A CN100401571C CN 100401571 C CN100401571 C CN 100401571C CN B2005100167015 A CNB2005100167015 A CN B2005100167015A CN 200510016701 A CN200510016701 A CN 200510016701A CN 100401571 C CN100401571 C CN 100401571C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a module type tubular power generation system of a solid oxide fuel cell, which belongs to a power generation device. The power generation system is composed of a single cell, a combustion chamber 4, a base seat 5, an oxidant (air) input pipe 21 and a fuel input pipe 22, wherein the single cell is an electrolyte pipe 1 with a downward opening, and is installed on the base seat 5. the inner side and the outer side of the single cell are respectively fabricated with an anode 2 and a cathode 3; a fuel introduction pipe 9 is arranged in the single cell; an outer sleeve pipe 8 provided with an oxidant injection port 10 at the upper end is sheathed outside the single cell. The base seat 5 is a hollow sealed body. The combustion chamber 4 is composed of the hollow part of the base seat 5, a nozzle 11 and an outer annular hole 36. The present invention also comprises an indirect internal reforming system. The present invention can fully utilize the hydrogen component of fuel, and can raise the work stability and the performance of the cell. The cell has compact structure to prevent the cathode having combustion sediment, and the high-temperature oxidation problem of the cell is solved. The module type power generation system can be replaced by the whole block to conveniently maintain. The indirect internal reforming system has reasonable structure and raises device utilization rate and heat efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT), particularly the electricity generation system of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell.
Background technology
The prior art the most close with the present invention is Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (abbreviation SOFC) electricity generation system of U.S. west room (Westinghouse) company.The structure of this system is broadly divided into two parts, the first half combustion chamber, and the latter half is generating district, i.e. fuel cell main body.Concrete structure is with reference to figure 1.Each monocell comprises electrolytic tube 1, mainly is the pipe shape body of the end opening made by the zirconia material of yttria-stabilized, is supported by porous tubular support 18 in it.At the madial wall sintering of electrolytic tube 1 negative electrode 3 of the lanthanum manganese composite oxide material of mixing strontium is arranged, at the anode 2 of the outside of electrolytic tube 1 nickel deposited cermet material.Battery body comprises many such monocells, and promptly many monocells are connected or/and parallel connection constitutes battery body, and battery body is installed on the base 5 of ceramic material.The series and parallel method of monocell is provided by Fig. 2.Figure 2 shows that four monocells are connected in twos is connected in parallel again.Connect the back and make battery lead with cathode bus 13 and anode bus 12.Combustion chamber 4 is the part between upper top cover 14 and the lower bottom cover 15, and two-layer top cover is a ceramic material.This system uses pure hydrogen to do fuel, and oxygen is made oxidant.Fuel gas is from fuel inlet pipe 22 input of base 5 outsides, enters space between each monocell by penetrating base 5 fuel inflow holes 17, and contacts with anode 2.Oxygen then from oxygen input tube 21 inputs of upper top cover 14 outsides, passes through in combustion chamber 4, and to gas heated.Oxygen enters the bottom of electrolytic tube 1 from top to bottom by oxygen inflow pipe 16, and contacts with negative electrode 3.Fuel cell also can use natural gas or coal gas, but need be through a reforming process, even CH
4Produce the process of the required reducing gass such as hydrogen of SOFC.This process is represented CH with chemical equation
4+ 2H
2O=4H
2+ CO
2The realization of this process is carried out with additional equipment, is called fuel and reforms outward.If utilize the SOFC operational environment directly to carry out, be called in the fuel and reform.
Compact conformation between prior art monocell and the monocell, the exploitation degree is very high, but also there are many deficiencies: first, battery body and combustion chamber are independent separately, thereby increase sealing part, increased the height of total system, reduced the efficiency of heating surface of combustion chamber battery body and fuel gas (hydrogen).The second, it is to penetrate mode by the tongue of negative electrode and the groove of anode that electrode connects, and requires electrolytic tube a little bending or distortion, the complicated and maintain and replace difficulty of manufacturing process, and the electrolytic tube fracture of a monocell will cause the damage of system; Oxidation is easily caused in 800～1000 ℃ of zones of high temperature in the junction of contact conductor in addition.The 3rd, pure hydrogen is done fuel, costs an arm and a leg, and also has the safety problem of transportation, storage, has limited the commercial market; If need the outer reformer apparatus of fuel with natural gas or town gas, if adopt the directly interior reformation that does not increase equipment can cause excessive carbon deposit at anode surface, stop up electrode channel, influence transmission and the reaction of fuel at anode surface, reduce electrode active surface, thereby influence the performance of electricity generation system.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, overcomes the deficiency of present technology, makes the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) reasonable in design, and heat energy is fully utilized; Convenient maintenance and replacement; Guard electrode not by high-temperature oxydation with contact good; Safe and reliable to operation.
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to realize like this, each monocell is made a module, many modules are installed on the base of hollow: the structure of module comprises inverted electrolytic tube, and be with outer tube outside it: the inner surface of electrolytic tube is an anode, and outer surface is a negative electrode; Logical fuel gas leads to oxidant (air) by outer tube to the electrolytic tube cathode portion in electrolytic tube.The fuel nozzle of fuel chambers is housed on base.Each such module all is independently, and number of modules is put together side by side and made electrode series, parallel in low-temperature region of each module constitute electricity generation system.
Details are as follows for concrete structure: module type tubular solid oxide fuel cell power generating system, by monocell; The combustion chamber; Formations such as base.
Said monocell includes the electrolytic tube of an opening and the also cover porous tubular support within it that electrolytic tube has similar shape, is produced on the anode on the electrolyte tube wall, negative electrode; And the air input pipe, parts such as fuel inlet pipe.Electrolytic tube of the present invention is downward opening being installed on the base, and anode and negative electrode are produced in the inboard and the outside of electrolytic tube, and these are all opposite with background technology.The fuel ingress pipe is housed in electrolytic tube, and the fuel ingress pipe is connected with the house steward of input fuel, for the anode region of fuel cell provides fuel gas.Be set with outer tube in the electrolytic tube outside, its upper end has oxidant (air) inlet, and oxidant (air) inlet is connected with the house steward of input oxidant (air).
Said base is the seal of hollow, and monocell is housed on it.The fuel ingress pipe passes from the base center from bottom to top, seals between fuel ingress pipe and the base lower floor, and and have space, this space can allow residual fuel by entering the hollow space of base between the base upper strata.The electrolytic tube mouth of pipe and base upper strata seal, and there is hole on outer tube and base upper strata, and this hole can allow residual oxidizing agent (air) combustion-supporting by being residual fuel.
Said combustion chamber is the upper top cover of fuel cell and the space between the base, and the combustion chamber comprises the hollow space and the nozzle of base.Nozzle is made up of central tube and outer annular distance.Central tube passes the upper strata of base, and the lower end links to each other with the hollow space of base, and the upper end is a flame jet; The outer shroud orifice ring is the hole that forms between outer tube lower end and the base around the central tube periphery.
The anode of monocell and the contact conductor of negative electrode are drawn through the side of base, and low-temperature region is connected or/and in parallel in the outside, bottom of base.
Aforesaid structure can use hydrogen to make fuel gas, also can use natural gas, town gas to make fuel gas.When using natural gas, town gas, can take directly interior reformation mode to change unstrpped gas into hydrogen.Better way is an employing indirect internal reforming of the present invention system, changes natural gas, town gas into hydrogen.
Indirect internal reforming of the present invention system is made up of high temperature reformer chamber, high temperature shift device, low temperature transducer and air-water separator, pipeline.
Said high temperature reformer chamber is the first half of combustion chamber, and heat is emitted in the residual fuel burning, town gas, natural gas and steam in the heating fuel input pipe, and promptly fuel inlet pipe passes through from the high temperature reformer chamber.Oxidant (air) inlet of oxidant (air) input pipe and outer sleeve upper also places the high temperature reformer chamber, is oxidant (air) preheating.
Said high temperature shift device and low temperature transducer are the containers that is filled with water, all have water inlet and delivery port on it, fuel inlet pipe divides successively and passes in the middle of high temperature shift device and low temperature transducer after the high temperature reformer chamber, is connected with the fuel ingress pipe that feeds in the electrolytic tube again.
Said air-water separator is a container that has air water inlet, vapor outlet port, water out.The air water inlet of air-water separator is connected by the delivery port of pipeline with the high temperature shift device; The vapor outlet port of air-water separator is connected with the inlet of fuel inlet pipe by pipeline; The water out of air-water separator is connected with the water inlet of low temperature transducer by pipeline and through level sensor, control air cooling equipment, connects the water source in the pipeline bottom of the water out of air-water separator through water pump.
Open Side Down owing to electrolytic tube in the present invention, and anode not only can make full use of the hydrogen composition of fuel in the electrolytic tube inboard, and the fuel ingress pipe can play the effect of pre-heating fuel, improved battery operated stability and battery performance.Outer tube of the present invention has not only reduced shared space, combustion chamber, makes the system configuration compactness, and protection negative electrode atmosphere, prevents that negative electrode from having combustion deposit, also is convenient to the burning heating to battery.Electrode connects at low temperature place series and parallel among the Ben Fapeng, can solve electrode high-temperature oxydation problem, reduces the contact resistance of tie point, saves the expensive material of high temperature electrode lead-in wire.The present invention is the parallel installations of a plurality of modules, can monoblock change as long as take contact conductor apart, has made things convenient for maintenance, and a monocell damage does not influence other monocell operate as normal.Indirect internal reforming of the present invention system, can use town gas, fuelled with natural gas gas, thereby having reduced cost is used for civilian, enlarged the scope of using, and it is effective to reform, and the generation of methane conversion and steam is combined together by transducer, rational in infrastructure, improve the utilization rate of equipment and installations and the heat efficiency, saved fuel.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the generating device structure schematic diagram of background technology.
Fig. 2 is the series parallel structure schematic diagram of each single-cell electrodes of background technology.
Fig. 3 is a modular single-cell structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the A-A profile of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is an electricity generation system schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the structure of the present invention and the course of work are described further.
Fig. 3 has provided the structural profile schematic diagram of a single-cell module and adjacent block.Wherein 1 is electrolytic tube, and 2 is anode, is produced on the inboard of electrolytic tube 1.3 is negative electrode, is produced on the outside of electrolytic tube 1.4 is the combustion chamber, is the upper top cover 14 of fuel cell and the space between the base 5.5 is the base of hollow.8 is outer tube, and the opening of outer tube 8 upper ends is oxidant (air) inflow entrances 10, and oxidant (air) inflow entrance 10 communicates with oxidant (air) input pipe 21.9 is the fuel ingress pipe, and it passes base 5 and is communicated with fuel inlet pipe 22, and the outside of outer tube 8 is a fuel chambers 4.11 is the nozzle of burner, and it is made up of central tube 35 and outer annular distance 36, and central tube 35 passes the upper strata of base 5.Porous tubular support 18 does not draw among Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 is the A-A profile of Fig. 3, electrolytic tube 1, outer tube 8, fuel ingress pipe 9 as seen from Figure 4, and the relation of the position between central tube 35 and the outer annular distance 36.
Electricity generation system when work, the cathode space that oxidant (air) enters between electrolytic tube 1 and the outer tube 8 through oxidant (air) input pipe 21 and oxidant (air) inflow entrance 10.Fuel gas enters anode region in the electrolytic tube 1 by fuel inlet pipe 22 and fuel ingress pipe 9.Fuel gas (hydrogen) reacts with oxidant (air) and generates electricity.Because hydrogen is light than other material, can electrolytic tube 1 in, stop the long period, the abundant and air of energy reacts.Remaining fuel flows out electrolytic tube 1 downwards, enter the hollow space of base 5 by the space of interlayer on fuel ingress pipe 9 and the base 5, burn by nozzle 11 ejections through central tube 35 again, combustion chamber 4 temperature being raise keep the required temperature (800 ℃ of ≈) of each monocell generating with the power generation process heat release, also is the front end and 21 preheatings of oxidant (air) input pipe of fuel inlet pipe 22 simultaneously.Remaining oxidant (air) enters outer annular distance 36 through the hole between outer tube 8 lower ends and the base 5, for residual fuel makes the residual fuel burning as combustion-supporting gas.
When using fuel, need reforming process as town gas or natural gas.Fig. 5 has provided the general structure schematic diagram of the fuel cell generation that comprises the reforming system inherence.Among Fig. 4, the first half of fuel chambers 4 is a high temperature reformer chamber 20, and oxidant (air) input pipe 21 and fuel inlet pipe 22 are arranged in it, and they are in this preheating.23 is the high temperature shift device, and 24 is the low temperature transducer, and they have water inlet 25 and delivery port 26 respectively.Fuel inlet pipe 22 passes the reformation of carrying out fuel gas from their centres, that is, make methane change hydrogen and carbon dioxide into, again in fuel ingress pipe 9 enters electrolytic tube 1.The required steam of fuel reforming is then provided and is recycled by high temperature shift device 23, its process is, delivery port 26 gentle water inlets 30 by high temperature shift device 23 enter air-water separator 29, steam separates at air-water separator 29 places with water, steam enters fuel inlet pipe 22 through vapor outlet port 31 and baroceptor 38, provide fuel reforming required steam, i.e. CH
4+ 2H
2O=4H
2+ CO
2Water in the reaction.The water that separates is through water out 32, level sensor 34, control air cooling equipment 37 and flow into low temperature transducer 24, for fuel provides the required cooling of reforming, water is heated on the one hand; Through high temperature shift device 23, evaporating the water becomes gas-vapor mix again.Level sensor 34 is used to monitor and control the water level of air-water separator 29; Control air cooling equipment 37 is used to control the water temperature of low temperature transducer 24, if low temperature transducer 24 water temperatures are too high, control air cooling equipment 37 can make its cooling: baroceptor 38 is used to control the pressure of steam, guarantees the mixed proportion of water vapour and fuel gas.Water pump 39 is connected in the middle of the pipeline of water source and boiler water circulation, with postcombustion reforming system water, guarantees the water level of air-water separator 29.
In indirect internal reforming of the present invention system, the temperature of high temperature reformer chamber 20 can reach 800～1000 ℃, carries out CH
4+ H
2O=CO+3H
2Chemical reaction.The fuel gas of output enters high temperature shift device 23, makes fuel temperature reduce to 350-370 ℃, and the chemical reaction that is carried out is CO+H
2O=CO
2+ H
2Even CO further changes CO into
2And H
2This fashion has the CO residual gas, reduces to 200-230 ℃ entering low temperature transducer 24 temperature, makes CO further be converted into CO
2And H
2At this moment fuel gas is input in the fuel ingress pipe 9 and heats up once more.The heat that heat up this moment is from the anode reaction liberated heat, and temperature can reach 800-1000 ℃.The required steam of reforming makes twice intensification of water by low temperature transducer 24 and high temperature shift device 23, reaches the degree of vaporization.
Claims (2)
1. module type tubular solid oxide fuel cell power generating system is by monocell; Combustion chamber (4); Base (5) and oxidant input pipe (21), fuel inlet pipe (22) constitutes; Said monocell includes the electrolytic tube (1) of an opening and the also cover porous tubular support (18) within it that electrolytic tube (1) has similar shape, is produced on anode (2), negative electrode (3) on electrolytic tube (1) wall; It is characterized in that,
Electrolytic tube (1) is downward opening being installed on the base (5), and anode (2) and negative electrode (3) are produced in the inboard and the outside of electrolytic tube (1); Fuel ingress pipe (9) is housed in electrolytic tube (1), and fuel ingress pipe (9) is connected with fuel inlet pipe (22), for the anode region of fuel cell provides fuel gas;
Be set with outer tube (8) in electrolytic tube (1) outside, its upper end has oxidant inlet (10), and oxidant inlet (10) is connected with oxidant input pipe (21);
Said base (5) is the seal of hollow, and monocell is housed on it; Fuel ingress pipe (9) passes from base (5) center from bottom to top, seals between fuel ingress pipe (9) and base (5) lower floor, and and have space, this space to allow residual fuel by entering the hollow space of base between base (5) upper strata; Electrolytic tube (1) mouth of pipe and base (5) upper strata seal, and outer tube (8) has hole with base (5) upper strata, and this hole is combustion-supporting by being residual fuel by residual oxidizing agent;
Said combustion chamber (4) is the upper top cover (14) of fuel cell and the space between the base (5), and combustion chamber (4) comprise the hollow space and the nozzle (11) of base (5); Nozzle (11) is made up of central tube (35) and outer annular distance (36); Central tube (35) passes the upper strata of base (5), and the lower end links to each other with the hollow space of base (5), and the upper end is a flame jet; Outer annular distance (36) is looped around central tube (35) periphery, is the hole that forms between outer tube (8) lower end and the base (5);
The contact conductor of anode of monocell (2) and negative electrode (3) is drawn through the side of base (5), connects or/and in parallel in the outside, bottom of base (5).
2. according to the described module type tubular solid oxide fuel cell power generating system of claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise the indirect internal reforming system; The indirect internal reforming system is made up of high temperature reformer chamber (20), high temperature shift device (23), low temperature transducer (24) and air-water separator (29), pipeline;
Said high temperature reformer chamber (20) is the first half of combustion chamber (4), and fuel inlet pipe (22) passes through in high temperature reformer chamber (20); The oxidant inlet (10) of oxidant input pipe (21) and outer tube (8) upper end also places in the high temperature reformer chamber (20);
Said high temperature shift device (23) and low temperature transducer (24) are the containers that is filled with water, all have water inlet (25) and delivery port (26) on it, fuel inlet pipe (22) is after high temperature reformer chamber (20), divide successively and in the middle of high temperature shift device (23) and low temperature transducer (24), pass, be connected with the fuel ingress pipe (9) that feeds in the electrolytic tube (1) again;
Said air-water separator (29) is a container that has air water inlet (30), vapor outlet port (31), water out (32); Air water inlet (31) is connected with the delivery port (26) of high temperature shift device (23) by pipeline; Vapor outlet port (31) is connected by the inlet of pipeline with fuel inlet pipe (22); Water out (32) is connected with the water inlet (25) of low temperature transducer (24) through level sensor (34), control air cooling equipment (37), water pump (39).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100167015A CN100401571C (en) | 2005-04-11 | 2005-04-11 | Module type tubular solid oxide fuel cell power generating system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100167015A CN100401571C (en) | 2005-04-11 | 2005-04-11 | Module type tubular solid oxide fuel cell power generating system |
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| CN1674344A CN1674344A (en) | 2005-09-28 |
| CN100401571C true CN100401571C (en) | 2008-07-09 |
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| CNB2005100167015A Expired - Fee Related CN100401571C (en) | 2005-04-11 | 2005-04-11 | Module type tubular solid oxide fuel cell power generating system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102976271A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-03-20 | 吉林大学 | Microwave plasma reforming system for vehicle fuel |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101964426B (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2012-11-14 | 吉林大学 | Solid oxide fuel cell comprehensive experiment apparatus |
| CN107611464B (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2023-07-07 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Pluggable solid oxide fuel cell stack structure |
| CN109830729B (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2020-07-28 | 北京理工大学 | Device and method for supporting direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell by heat pipe |
| CN115356948B (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2024-07-19 | 大连理工大学 | Real-time hardware-in-loop test method and system for high-temperature methanol reforming fuel cell |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5733675A (en) * | 1995-08-23 | 1998-03-31 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Electrochemical fuel cell generator having an internal and leak tight hydrocarbon fuel reformer |
| JP2002280053A (en) * | 2001-03-21 | 2002-09-27 | Toto Ltd | Fuel cell power generating system |
| US20030082423A1 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2003-05-01 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell |
| US6610434B1 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2003-08-26 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Segregated exhaust SOFC generator with high fuel utilization capability |
| CN2819489Y (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2006-09-20 | 吉林大学 | Solid oxide fuel battery generating system |
-
2005
- 2005-04-11 CN CNB2005100167015A patent/CN100401571C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5733675A (en) * | 1995-08-23 | 1998-03-31 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Electrochemical fuel cell generator having an internal and leak tight hydrocarbon fuel reformer |
| US6610434B1 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2003-08-26 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Segregated exhaust SOFC generator with high fuel utilization capability |
| JP2002280053A (en) * | 2001-03-21 | 2002-09-27 | Toto Ltd | Fuel cell power generating system |
| US20030082423A1 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2003-05-01 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell |
| CN2819489Y (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2006-09-20 | 吉林大学 | Solid oxide fuel battery generating system |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102976271A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-03-20 | 吉林大学 | Microwave plasma reforming system for vehicle fuel |
| CN102976271B (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2014-12-10 | 吉林大学 | Microwave plasma reforming system for vehicle fuel |
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| CN1674344A (en) | 2005-09-28 |
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