CN1674344A - Module type tubular solid oxide fuel cell power generating system - Google Patents
Module type tubular solid oxide fuel cell power generating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1674344A CN1674344A CNA2005100167015A CN200510016701A CN1674344A CN 1674344 A CN1674344 A CN 1674344A CN A2005100167015 A CNA2005100167015 A CN A2005100167015A CN 200510016701 A CN200510016701 A CN 200510016701A CN 1674344 A CN1674344 A CN 1674344A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a modular tubular solid oxide fuel cell power generation system, belonging to a power generation equipment. Said invention is formed from the following components: single-cell, combustion chamber, base seat, oxidant (air) input tube and fuel input tube. Said invention also provides the concrete structure of the above-mentioned every component. Said invented structure also includes an indirect internal reforming system, so that it can fully utilize hydrogen gas component of fuel, and can raise stability and performance of cell work.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a power generation device, and particularly relates to a power generation system of a solid oxide fuel cell.
Background
The closest prior art to the present invention is the solid oxide fuel cell (abbreviated SOFC) power generation system of Westinghouse, usa. The structure of the system can be roughly divided into two parts, namely an upper half part combustion chamber and a lower half part power generation area, namely a fuel cell body. The specific structure is shown in fig. 1. Each cell comprises an electrolyte tube 1, which is a tubular body of primarily yttria stabilised zirconia material with one open end, supported within a porous support tube 18. A cathode 3 made of strontium-doped lanthanum-manganese composite oxide material is sintered on the inner side wall of the electrolyte tube 1, and an anode 2 made of nickel cermet material is deposited on the outer side of the electrolyte tube 1. The battery body comprises a plurality of single cells, namely a plurality of single cells are combined in series or/and parallel to form the battery body, and the battery body is arranged on a base 5 made of ceramic materials. The series-parallel method of the single cells is given by fig. 2. Fig. 2 shows four cells connected in series and then in parallel two by two. After connection, the cathode bus 13 and the anode bus 12 are used as battery leads. The combustion chamber 4 is the part between an upper top cover 14 and a lower bottom cover 15, the two layers of top covers being of ceramic material. The system uses pure hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as oxidant. The fuel gas is introduced from the fuel inlet pipe 22 outside the base 5, enters the space between the unit cells through the fuel inlet holes 17 penetrating the base 5, and contacts the anode 2. Oxygen is introduced through an oxygen inlet pipe 21 outside the upper cap 14, passes through the combustion chamber 4, and heats the gas. Oxygen enters the bottom of the electrolyte tube 1 from top to bottom through the oxygen inflow tube 16 and contacts the cathode 3. Fuel cells may also use natural gas or coal gas, but need to go through a reforming process, i.e. CH4And generating reducing gas such as hydrogen required by the SOFC. The process is expressed by a chemical reaction formula . This process is carried out with an external device, called out-of-fuel reforming. If the operation is directly carried out by using the SOFC working environment, the operation is called internal fuel reforming.
The structure between the single cells in the prior art is compact, the development degree is high, but the defects exist: firstly, the cell body and the combustion chamber are independent, so that a sealing link is increased, the height of the whole system is increased, and the heating efficiency of the combustion chamber on the cell body and the fuel gas (hydrogen) is reduced. Secondly, the electrode connection is in a penetrating mode of a convex groove of a cathode and a groove of an anode, the electrolyte tube is required to be slightly bent or deformed, the manufacturing process is complex, the maintenance and the replacement are difficult, and the electrolyte tube of a single cell is broken to cause the damage of a system; in addition, the connection part of the electrode lead is easily oxidized in a high-temperature area of 800-1000 ℃. Thirdly, pure hydrogen is used as fuel, so that the price is high, the safety problems of transportation and storage exist, and the civil market is limited; if natural gas or city gas is used for fuel external reforming equipment, excessive carbon is deposited on the surface of an anode due to direct internal reforming without adding equipment, an electrode channel is blocked, the transmission and reaction of fuel on the surface of the anode are influenced, the surface activity of the electrode is reduced, and the performance of a power generation system is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the defects of the prior art are overcome, the design of the solid oxide fuel cell power generation device is reasonable, and the heat energy is fully utilized; the maintenance and the replacement are convenient; the electrode is protected from high-temperature oxidation and good contact; the operation is safe and reliable.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by manufacturing each single cell into a module, and installing a plurality of modules on a hollow base; the module structure comprises an inverted electrolyte tube, and an outer sleeve is sleeved outside the inverted electrolyte tube; the inner side surface of the electrolyte tube is an anode, and the outer side surface of the electrolyte tube is a cathode; fuel gas is introduced into the electrolyte tube, and an oxidant (air) is introduced into the cathode portion of the electrolyte tube through the outer sleeve. A fuel nozzle of a fuel chamber is mounted on the base. Each module is independent, a plurality of modules are arranged in parallel, and electrodes of the modules are connected in series and in parallel in a low-temperature area to form a power generation system.
The detailed structure is as follows: the modular tubular solid oxide fuel cell power generation system comprises a single cell; a combustion chamber; a base and the like.
The single cell comprises an electrolyte tube with an opening, a porous support tube which is in a shape similar to the electrolyte tube and is sleeved in the electrolyte tube, an anode and a cathode which are manufactured on the wall of the electrolyte tube; and air input pipe, fuel input pipe, etc. The electrolyte tube of the invention is arranged on the base with the opening facing downwards, and the anode and the cathode are respectively manufactured on the inner side and the outer side of the electrolyte tube, which are opposite to the background technology. A fuel inlet tube is disposed within the electrolyte tube and is in communication with the fuel inlet manifold for supplying fuel gas to the anode region of the fuel cell. The outer sleeve is sleeved outside the electrolyte tube, the upper end of the electrolyte tube is provided with an oxidant (air) injection port, and the oxidant (air) injection port is communicated with a main pipe for inputting oxidant (air).
The base is a hollow sealing body, and single cells are arranged on the base. The fuel inlet pipe passes through the center of the base from bottom to top, the fuel inlet pipe is sealed with the lower layer of the base, and a gap is formed between the fuel inlet pipe and the upper layer of the base, and the gap can allow residual fuel to pass through the hollow part of the base. The electrolyte tube orifice and the upper layer of the base are sealed, and the outer sleeve and the upper layer of the base are provided with pores which can allow residual oxidant (air) to pass through to support combustion of residual fuel.
The combustion chamber is a space between the upper top cover and the base of the fuel cell, and comprises a hollow part of the base and a nozzle. The nozzle consists of a central tube and an outer ring hole. The central tube penetrates through the upper layer of the base, the lower end of the central tube is connected with the hollow part of the base, and the upper end of the central tube is provided with a flame nozzle; the outer ring hole surrounds the periphery of the central tube and is a pore formed between the lower end of the outer sleeve and the base.
The electrode leads of the anode and the cathode of the single cell are led out through the side surface of the base, and are connected in series or/and in parallel in a low-temperature area outside the bottom of the base.
The structure can use hydrogen as fuel gas, and can also use natural gas and city gas as fuel gas. When natural gas or city gas is used, the raw material gas can be converted into hydrogen by adopting a direct internal reforming mode. The better method is to adopt the indirect internal reforming system of the invention to convert natural gas and city gas into hydrogen.
The indirect internal reforming system consists of a high-temperature reforming chamber, a high-temperature converter, a low-temperature converter, a gas-water separator and a pipeline.
The high-temperature reforming chamber is the upper half part of the combustion chamber, residual fuel is combusted to release heat, and city gas, natural gas and water vapor in the fuel input pipe are heated, namely the fuel input pipe passes through the high-temperature reforming chamber. The oxidant (air) input pipe and the oxidant (air) injection opening at the upper end of the outer sleeve are also arranged in the high-temperature reforming chamber to preheat the oxidant (air).
The high-temperature converter and the low-temperature converter are containers for containing water, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged on the high-temperature converter and the low-temperature converter, and the fuel input pipe passes through the high-temperature converter and the low-temperature converter in sequence after passing through the high-temperature reforming chamber and is communicated with a fuel lead-in pipe introduced into the electrolyte pipe.
The gas-water separator is a container with a gas-water inlet, a steam outlet and a water outlet. The gas-water inlet of the gas-water separator is communicated with the water outlet of the high-temperature converter through a pipeline; the steam outlet of the gas-water separator is communicated with the inlet of the fuel input pipe through a pipeline; the water outlet of the gas-water separator is communicated with the water inlet of the low-temperature converter through a pipeline and a water level sensor and a control air cooling device, and the bottom end of the pipeline at the water outlet of the gas-water separator is connected with a water source through a water pump.
The invention can fully utilize the hydrogen component of the fuel because the opening of the electrolyte tube is downward and the anode is arranged at the inner side of the electrolyte tube, and the fuel leading-in tube can play a role of preheating the fuel, thereby improving the working stability of the battery and the performance of the battery. The outer sleeve not only reduces the space occupied by the combustion chamber, makes the system structure compact, but also protects the cathode atmosphere, prevents the cathode from having combustion deposits, and is convenient for combustion heating of the battery. The electrodes are connected in series and in parallel at a low temperature, so that the problem of high-temperature oxidation of the electrodes can be solved, the contact resistance of a connecting point is reduced, and expensive materials of high-temperature electrode leads are saved. The invention has the advantages that a plurality of modules are installed in parallel, the whole module can be replaced by only disassembling the electrode lead, the maintenance is convenient, and the normal work of other monocells is not influenced when one monocell is damaged. The indirect internal reforming system of the invention can use city gas and natural gas as fuel gas, thereby reducing the cost for civil use, expanding the application range, having good reforming effect, integrating methane conversion and steam generation into a whole through the converter, having reasonable structure, improving the utilization rate and thermal efficiency of equipment and saving fuel.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power generation device of the background art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a series-parallel structure of each cell electrode of the related art.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the modular cell construction of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 3.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power generation system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The structure and operation of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic structural section of one single cell module and the adjacent modules. Wherein 1 is an electrolyte tube, 2 is an anode, and is arranged on the inner side of the electrolyte tube 1. And 3, a cathode, which is formed outside the electrolyte tube 1. Reference numeral 4 denotes a combustion chamber, which is a space between the upper lid 14 and the base 5 of the fuel cell. And 5 is a hollow base. The 8 is an outer sleeve, the opening at the upper end of the outer sleeve 8 is an oxidant (air) inlet 10, and the oxidant (air) inlet 10 is communicated with an oxidant (air) input pipe 21. The fuel inlet pipe 9 passes through the base 5 and is communicated with the fuel input pipe 22, and the fuel chamber 4 is arranged outside the outer sleeve 8. The burner nozzle 11 is composed of a central tube 35 and an outer annular hole 36, the central tube 35 passing through the upper layer of the base 5. The perforated support tube 18 is not shown in fig. 3.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 3, and fig. 4 shows the positional relationship among the electrolyte tube 1, the outer sleeve 8, the fuel inlet tube 9, and the center tube 35 and the outer annular hole 36.
In operation of the power generation system, oxidant (air) enters the cathode space between the electrolyte tube 1 and the outer sleeve 8 through the oxidant (air) inlet 21 and the oxidant (air) inlet 10. The fuel gas enters the anode region inside the electrolyte tube 1 through the fuel inlet pipe 22 and the fuel inlet pipe 9. The fuel gas (hydrogen gas) reacts with the oxidant (air) to generate electricity. Because hydrogen is lighter than other substances, the hydrogen can stay in the electrolyte tube 1 for a long time and can fully react with air. The remaining fuel flows down out of the electrolyte tube 1, enters the hollow part of the base 5 through the gap between the fuel introduction tube 9 and the upper layer of the base 5, and is sprayed out from the nozzle 11 through the central tube 35 to be combusted, so that the temperature of the combustion chamber 4 is raised, and the temperature (approximately equal to 800 ℃) required by power generation of each single cell is maintained together with heat release in the power generation process, and simultaneously, the front end of the fuel input tube 22 and the oxidant (air) input tube 21 are preheated. The rest oxidant (air) enters the outer ring hole 36 through the hole between the lower end of the outer sleeve 8 and the base 5, and is used as combustion-supporting gas for the rest fuel to burn the rest fuel.
Example 2 the indirect internal reforming system of the present invention
When the fuel used is city gas or natural gas, a reforming process is required. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of a fuel cell power generation system including the interior of the reforming system. In fig. 4, the upper half of the fuel chamber 4 is a high temperature reformer chamber 20, which has an oxidant (air) inlet 21 and a fuel inlet 22, where they are preheated. 23 are high temperature transducers and 24 are low temperature transducers having water inlets 25 and water outlets 26 respectively. From between which the fuel inlet pipe 22 extendsThe fuel gas is reformed, that is, methane is converted into hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and then introduced into the electrolyte tube 1 through the fuel introduction tube 9. The steam required by the fuel reforming is provided by the high temperature converter 23 and recycled by entering the gas-water separator 29 from the water outlet 26 and the gas-water inlet 30 of the high temperature converter 23, separating the steam and the water at the gas-water separator 29, and entering the fuel input pipe 22 through the steam outlet 31 and the gas pressure sensor 38 to provide the steam required by the fuel reforming, namely the steam Water in the reaction. The separated water passes through the water outlet 32, the water level sensor 34, the control air cooling device 37 and flows into the low-temperature converter 24, so that on one hand, the temperature reduction required by reforming is provided for the fuel, and on the other hand, the water is heated; the water is then evaporated to a water vapor mixture by the high temperature converter 23. For water level sensor 34The water level of the gas-water separator 29 is monitored and controlled; the control air cooling device 37 is used for controlling the water temperature of the low-temperature converter 24, and if the water temperature of the low-temperature converter 24 is too high, the control air cooling device 37 can be used for cooling the low-temperature converter; the gas pressure sensor 38 is used to control the pressure of the steam to ensure the mixing ratio of the water vapor and the fuel gas. A water pump 39 is connected between the water supply and the water circulation line to supplement the water for the fuel reforming system to ensure the water level of the gas-water separator 29.
In the indirect internal reforming system of the present invention, the temperature of the high temperature reforming chamber 20 may reach 800 to 1000 deg.C for the process The chemical reaction of (1). The output fuel gas enters the high temperature converter 23 to reduce the fuel temperature to 350- Even if CO is further converted to CO2And H2. At this time, the residual CO gas is present, and the temperature of the residual CO gas entering the low-temperature converter 24 is reduced to 230 ℃ below 200 ℃ to further convert the CO into CO2And H2. The fuel gas at this timeis introduced into the fuel introduction pipe 9 and is again heated. The heat of temperature rise comes from the heat released by the anode reaction, and the temperature can reach 800-1000 ℃. The steam required for reforming heats the water twice by the low temperature converter 24 and the high temperature converter 23,to the extent of vaporization.
Claims (2)
1. A modular tubular solid oxide fuel cell power generation system is composed of a single cell; a combustion chamber (4); a base (5), an oxidant inlet pipe (21), and a fuel inlet pipe (22); the single cell comprises an electrolyte tube (1) with an opening, a porous support tube (18) which is in a shape similar to that of the electrolyte tube (1) and is sleeved in the electrolyte tube, and an anode (2) and a cathode (3) which are manufactured on the wall of the electrolyte tube (1); it is characterized in that the utility model is characterized in that,
the electrolyte tube (1) is arranged on the base (5) with an opening facing downwards, and the anode (2) and the cathode (3) are respectively manufactured on the inner side and the outer side of the electrolyte tube (1); a fuel inlet pipe (9) is arranged in the electrolyte pipe (1), and the fuel inlet pipe (9) is communicated with a fuel input pipe (22) and is used for providing fuel gas for an anode area of the fuel cell;
an outer sleeve (8) is sleeved outside the electrolyte tube (1), the upper end of the electrolyte tube is provided with an oxidant injection port (10), and the oxidant injection port (10) is communicated with an oxidant input tube (21);
the base (5) is a hollow sealing body, and single cells are arranged on the base; the fuel inlet pipe (9) penetrates through the center of the base (5) from bottom to top, the fuel inlet pipe (9) is sealed with the lowerlayer of the base (5), and a gap is formed between the fuel inlet pipe and the upper layer of the base (5), and the gap allows residual fuel to pass through and enter the hollow part of the base; the orifice of the electrolyte tube (1) is sealed with the upper layer of the base (5), and the outer sleeve (8) and the upper layer of the base (5) are provided with pores which allow the residual oxidant to pass through to support the combustion of the residual fuel;
the combustion chamber (4) is a space between an upper top cover (14) and a base (5) of the fuel cell, and the combustion chamber (4) comprises a hollow part of the base (5) and a nozzle (11). The nozzle (11) consists of a central pipe (35) and an outer ring hole (36); the central tube (35) passes through the upper layer of the base (5), the lower end of the central tube is connected with the hollow part of the base (5), and the upper end of the central tube is provided with a flame nozzle; the outer ring hole (36) surrounds the periphery of the central tube (35) and is a pore formed between the lower end of the outer sleeve (8) and the base (5);
electrode leads of the anode (2) and the cathode (3) of the single cell are led out through the side surface of the base (5), and are connected in series or/and in parallel outside the bottom of the base (5).
2. A modular tubular solid oxide fuel cell power generation system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the structure of the present invention further comprises an indirect internal reforming system; the indirect internal reforming system consists of a high-temperature reforming chamber (20), a high-temperature converter (23), a low-temperature converter (24), a gas-water separator (29) and a pipeline;
the high-temperature reforming chamber (20) is the upper half part of the combustion chamber (4), and the fuel input pipe (22) passes through the high-temperature reforming chamber (20). The oxidant input pipe (21) and the oxidant injection port (10) at the upper end of the outer sleeve (8) are also arranged in the high-temperature reforming chamber (20);
the high-temperature converter (23) and the low-temperature converter (24) are containers for containing water, a water inlet (25) and a water outlet (26) are respectively formed in the high-temperature converter (23) and the low-temperature converter (24), and a fuel input pipe (22) passes through the high-temperature converter (23) and the low-temperature converter (24) after passing through the high-temperature reforming chamber (20) and is communicated with a fuel lead-in pipe (9) led into the electrolyte pipe (1);
the gas-water separator (29) is a container provided with a gas-water inlet (30), a steam outlet (31) and a water outlet (32). The gas-water inlet (31) is communicated with the water outlet (26) of the high-temperature converter (23) through a pipeline; the vapor outlet (31) is communicated with the inlet of the fuel input pipe (22) through a pipeline; the water outlet (32) is communicated with the water inlet (25) of the low-temperature converter (24) through a water level sensor (34), a control air cooling device (37) and a water pump (39).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100167015A CN100401571C (en) | 2005-04-11 | 2005-04-11 | Module type tubular solid oxide fuel cell power generating system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100167015A CN100401571C (en) | 2005-04-11 | 2005-04-11 | Module type tubular solid oxide fuel cell power generating system |
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| CN1674344A true CN1674344A (en) | 2005-09-28 |
| CN100401571C CN100401571C (en) | 2008-07-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB2005100167015A Expired - Fee Related CN100401571C (en) | 2005-04-11 | 2005-04-11 | Module type tubular solid oxide fuel cell power generating system |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101964426A (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2011-02-02 | 吉林大学 | Solid oxide fuel cell comprehensive experiment apparatus |
| CN107611464A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-01-19 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of plug type solid-oxide fuel cell stack structure |
| CN109830729A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-05-31 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of directly interior reforming solid oxide fuel cells device and method of heat pipe standoff |
| CN115356948A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-18 | 大连理工大学 | Real-time hardware-in-loop test method and system for high-temperature methanol reforming fuel cell |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102976271B (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2014-12-10 | 吉林大学 | Microwave plasma reforming system for vehicle fuel |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5733675A (en) * | 1995-08-23 | 1998-03-31 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Electrochemical fuel cell generator having an internal and leak tight hydrocarbon fuel reformer |
| US6610434B1 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2003-08-26 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Segregated exhaust SOFC generator with high fuel utilization capability |
| JP2002280053A (en) * | 2001-03-21 | 2002-09-27 | Toto Ltd | Fuel cell power generating system |
| JP3731650B2 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2006-01-05 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Fuel cell |
| CN2819489Y (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2006-09-20 | 吉林大学 | Solid oxide fuel battery generating system |
-
2005
- 2005-04-11 CN CNB2005100167015A patent/CN100401571C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101964426A (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2011-02-02 | 吉林大学 | Solid oxide fuel cell comprehensive experiment apparatus |
| CN101964426B (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2012-11-14 | 吉林大学 | Solid oxide fuel cell comprehensive experiment apparatus |
| CN107611464A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-01-19 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of plug type solid-oxide fuel cell stack structure |
| CN109830729A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-05-31 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of directly interior reforming solid oxide fuel cells device and method of heat pipe standoff |
| CN115356948A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-18 | 大连理工大学 | Real-time hardware-in-loop test method and system for high-temperature methanol reforming fuel cell |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN100401571C (en) | 2008-07-09 |
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