CN102962656B - Compound model processing method and device for cutter - Google Patents
Compound model processing method and device for cutter Download PDFInfo
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- CN102962656B CN102962656B CN201210446252.8A CN201210446252A CN102962656B CN 102962656 B CN102962656 B CN 102962656B CN 201210446252 A CN201210446252 A CN 201210446252A CN 102962656 B CN102962656 B CN 102962656B
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- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a compound model processing method and device for a cutter, relating to the active processing of microtexture compound morphologies on the main friction and abrasion surfaces of the cutter, and belonging to the field of machinery manufacture. Three microstructural models, namely micro concave cavities, fused bulges and micro grooves respectively, are processed at the main friction and abrasion parts of the cutter through high energy laser beams or high energy electron beams. With the adoption of the compound model processing method and device for the cutter, the continuous service life of the cutter is prolonged, the cutting quality of the cutter is improved, the surface quality and the cutting and cooling performances after the processing of a workpiece are improved, and the machining cost of metal cutting is lowered. The invention also discloses the processing device for applying the compound mould processing method; and the device is integrated with a high energy technique and a numerical control technique, so that predetermined compound microstructural morphologies and distributions thereof can be processed on the main cutting working face of the cutter efficiently and stably. Processing objects for the method and the device thereof provided by the invention are various cutters during the cutting processing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tool surface complex modeling processing method and implement the device of this processing method, carry out the active process of micro-textural composite pattern at the primary friction of cutter, wear surface, belong to mechanical manufacturing field.
Background technology
Machining mostly be unable to do without cutter and the latter accounts for very large proportion in machined cost.In today of machinery industry competition, the prolongation of cutter life, the raising of cutting quality has significant good effect to enterprise competitiveness.
In machining, under the machining condition of especially high-speed overload, heat is assembled and is caused cutter local temperature sharply to rise on Tool in Cutting sword, and chip is simultaneously flowed out at a high speed.Under the acting in conjunction of high temperature, high pressure and strong friction, rake face very easily weares and teares, and forms so-called crescent moon hollow.Width and the degree of depth in crescent moon low-lying area increase gradually, and sprawl to cutting edge, when spreading into cutting edge edge, the intensity of cutting edge being reduced, very easily causing the phenomenon of tipping to occur.On the other hand, when the metal material that working plasticity is good, metal material adheres at blade, forms built-up edge gradually at the point of a knife place of cutter.Built-up edge affects crudy and the dimensional accuracy of surface of the work, so should fight off the generation of built-up edge.
At present, existing multiple technologies are in order to improve cutting performance: adopt high-pressure spray cooling and lubricating system, extend cutting-tool's used life and reach 50%; Tool surface coating technology, improves wearability and the anti-seizure performance of tool surface; The use of ultrafine crystal grain hard alloy material considerably increases hardness and the wearability of cutter.
From traditional sense, in order to reduce friction, the surface that contacts with each other must be made smooth as far as possible, and roughness is the smaller the better, and this analyzes friction mechanism from mechanical engagement theory; Along with tribology research enters microscopic fields, it is found that surface is too smooth, coefficient of friction increases on the contrary, and this considers from the angle of intermolecular force.On this basis, researcher finds the microcosmic texture arranging definite shape and distribution at surface of friction pair, mainly contains following effect: produce hydrodynamic lubrication effect between the friction surface that (1) is parallel to each other to the body surface that there is relative motion; (2) reduce the friction factor of friction surface, thus reduce friction and moment of friction; (3) bearing capacity is improved; (4) micropore (groove) can as oil storage tank, provides lubricating oil for boundary lubrication or for the friction surface just started; (5) micropore (groove) can be used as nail collection slot, holds the abrasive dust because boundary lubrication or dry friction produce, thus reduces wear, increase the service life.Last century Mo, along with development sufacing being introduced cutter, the performance of cutter obtains further raising.Chinese patent: CN201010124734, disclose the anti stick with surface micro-moulding, wear-resistant cutter/cutter blade, easily there is the region of wearing and tearing, as on the forward and backward knife face near close cutting edge, distributed some micro-pit array structures, these micro-pit array structures adopt the micro pipes such as electrical-chemistry method or Laser Processing technology to process, and when can improve machining, cutter and the contact condition of chip, workpiece, suppress to glue cutter phenomenon.Although carry out micro forming in the region that wearing and tearing easily occur in this patent, but the region that wearing and tearing easily occur is all often the region that cooling fluid is difficult to enter, make the hydrodynamic lubrication effect of micro-pit array structure can not get fully playing, and micro-pit array structure does not prevent the effect of material adhesion.
Major technique thought of the present invention carries out the active designs manufacture of the micro-texture of compound, and micro-texture features specifically has: nick chamber, microprotrusion, very low power.Three kinds of micro-scaled structures are respectively had its own beneficial effect and influence each other again, complement each other, and significantly improve the surface property of cutter, improve cutter lubrication performance, extend cutter life.Experiment after billmpse tool application shows, adopt the billmpse tool of the art of this patent in the contrast experiment of equal cutting time and operating mode, its wear extent decreases 30%, and cutting force decreases 15%, does not occur amassing cutting knurl phenomenon in the working angles to aluminium alloy plastic material.
The kind of cutter is a lot, but the geometry that they cut position but has common part.Billmpse tool is fairly simple one, and all the other cutters can regard combination or the differentiation of billmpse tool as, and as milling cutter has many cutters tooth, each cutter tooth is equivalent to the cutter head of billmpse tool.This patent when describing technical characteristic, be all take billmpse tool as description object, but technical characteristic can extend to all machine tools subsequently.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to that cutter is easy to wear, tipping, crudy are not high, cooling fluid Problem of Failure, a kind of surface recombination the shape handles method of General Promotion cutting performance is proposed, it is beneficial to chip and forces to be separated with cutter, decrease the generation of built-up edge, and then avoid the vibrations that built-up edge causes, improve chip quality; Be beneficial to chip removal, decrease the wearing and tearing of chip to cutter; Strong hydrodynamic lubrication effect is formed at tool surface; Be beneficial to the diffusion of cuttings liquid and absorb cutting heat-dissipating; Form the effect of similar pinning strengthening in micro forming region, this region material hardness, wearability are increased, tool life; Cutter after complex modeling process is more attractive in appearance, and the degree of wear more easily judges.
The technical scheme that a kind of tool surface complex modeling processing method of the present invention is taked is: the position easy to wear determining cutter; Active designs is for the compound micro forming scheme at above-mentioned position easy to wear; Cutter is formed the moulding of such scheme; Judge molding quality.
The technical scheme that the device implementing a kind of tool surface complex modeling processing method of the present invention is taked is, mating surface detection technique, micro forming technology, texturing technology and Numeric Control Technology, Robotics complete compound micro forming initiatively at cutter position easy to wear.
The concrete technical scheme of a kind of tool surface complex modeling processing method of the present invention is, by the observation in surface detection apparatus process, determine the key wear region of object cutter.The key wear position of billmpse tool is rake face.Carry out Region dividing at rake face, be divided into cutting region, main worn area, the processing zone of influence, the width of cutting region is less than the width of main worn area, and according to the difference of tool dimension, cutting region width is 0.2 ~ 1mm, and it is 1 ~ 30mm that skiving damages sector width, above-mentioned three regions are corresponding three kinds of micro forming schemes respectively, cutting region is the consolidation micro forming of consolidation array of protrusions, its area ratio/occupancy ratio is 5% ~ 50%, the height of consolidation projection 1 ~ 20 micron, diameter 20 ~ 500 microns, main worn area is the nick chamber moulding of nick chamber array, its area ratio/occupancy ratio 5% ~ 50%, the degree of depth in nick chamber 2 ~ 25 microns, diameter 10 ~ 100 microns, be connect and run through the micro forming of very low power containing many very low power in above-mentioned two regions in the processing zone of influence, very low power is wide 10 ~ 250 microns, dark 2 ~ 25 microns, very low power is straight line or curve and is multiple width, the degree of depth, the combination in extension direction, for specific cutter, very low power has two class distributions at rake face: the tool cutting edge angle of cutter is 45
o~ 75
obetween, the point of a knife heat dispersion of this kind of cutter is good, and the Main Function of very low power is that extend in divergence expression, be beneficial to the diffusion on rake face of cutting fluid, the tool cutting edge angle of cutter is 75 for main worn area provides cutting fluid to form lubrication
o~ 90
obetween, the point of a knife heat dispersion of this kind of cutter is poor and stress is comparatively concentrated, and the Main Function of very low power is sent near point of a knife by cutting fluid, extends in reducing-pitch thread, is beneficial to absorb to cut heat-dissipating.Three kinds of micro forming schemes are by high energy energy beam, as laser and pulse current, to thawing or the gasification acquisition of cutter surfacing, wherein the micro forming of very low power also obtains by the mode of machinery scraping, consolidation micro forming is formed by consolidation array of protrusions, the protruding difference due to machined parameters of consolidation comprises two kinds of forms and the protruding A of consolidation and the protruding B of consolidation, the central protuberance of the former the backward moulding border center flow formation for matrix material melts, the latter's crateriform that surrounding flowing in backward moulding border is formed for matrix material melts is protruding, the moulding of nick chamber is formed by nick chamber array, harden zone is also left in surface after the processing of high energy energy beam, surface detection apparatus observation modeling effect, determines whether successfully moulding.
Consolidation projection and nick chamber arrangement regulation, for the one in arrangement pitch is equal, arrangement pitch increasing or decreasing, area ratio/occupancy ratio are constant random alignment, area ratio/occupancy ratio encloses by moulding border the ratio of area sum and sculpted zone area, diameter encloses by moulding border the maximum inscribed circle diameter of figure, the degree of depth is the distance of bosom, moulding border to substrate material surface, highly for the protruding peak of consolidation is to the distance of substrate material surface.
Laser A obtains consolidation micro forming laser instrument in cutting region is CO
2one of laser instrument, lamp pumping YAG laser, diode pumped YAG lasers, optical fiber laser, laser A parameter is: power density 10
4-10
7w/cm
2, defocusing amount ± 2mm, pulse width 0.01 ~ 500ms, pulse frequency 30 Hz ~ 20kHz; The laser instrument that laser B obtains the moulding of nick chamber in main worn area is diode pumping YAG solid state laser, and one of optical fiber laser, laser B parameter is: power density 10
6~ 10
8w/cm
2pulse width 0.01ns ~ 50 ü s, pulse frequency 1 ~ 50kHz, umber of pulse 1 ~ 7 time, assist gas is nitrogen, argon gas, oxygen, air, air pressure is 0.05 ~ 1.00MPa, and wherein pulse frequency is the laser pulse number that laser instrument sends each second, and umber of pulse is the laser pulse number forming single nick chamber.
The device implementing surface recombination the shape handles method of the present invention comprises tool surface detection system, tool mounting, micro forming system, assist gas system, water-cooling system, control system, scanning system.
Tool surface detection system is detect the device of tool surface roughness or wear extent, for finding observation and the inspection of the surface topography after key wear region and micro forming before micro forming, preferred surface detection apparatus has microscopic appearance instrument, high multiple light microscope, electron microscope, mechanical probes formula Shape measure instrument.
Tool mounting is used for fixed cutting tool position in pattern process, and ensure that the spatial pose that different part cutter of the same race is processed at every turn is identical, the positioning principle of cutter is that machinery industry practitioner easily expects, therefore does not enumerate.
Micro forming system comprises, and one is the device forming consolidation projection at matrix material, and this device turnkey draws together laser instrument generator and outer light path.Laser instrument generation wavelength, pulse width, power are suitable for the laser of consolidation micro forming, outer light path realizes conduction and the focusing of laser, outer light path forms the laser beam of high energy more in space, finally completes the consolidation micro forming to arbitrfary point, space by laser scanning device.Outer light path is that mirror-reflection conduction or fiber optic conduction complete focusing in conjunction with lens; Two is the devices forming nick chamber at matrix material, and from the device difference forming consolidation projection at matrix material, it is that the laser parameter that laser instrument produces is different, parameter comprises optical maser wavelength, repetition rate, power density, pulsewidth, pulse number; Three is the devices forming very low power at matrix material, its hardware components is with form nick chamber device at matrix material identical, very low power is made up of continuously arranged nick chamber, and also can be swiped by machinery obtains random very low power, and said apparatus also can be realized by electrochemical method.
Assist gas system comprises source of the gas, gas transmission line, opening and closing valve A, nozzle, and gas transmission line connects source of the gas and nozzle, and control it by opening and closing valve A and logically to close, opening and closing valve A is controlled by control system;
Water-cooling system comprises water cooling plant, waterline, opening and closing valve B, and waterline connects the cooling lumen of water cooling plant and laser instrument inside, and close by opening and closing valve B control waterline is logical, opening and closing valve B is controlled by control system;
Scanning system comprises horizontal X-Y workbench, upright guide rail, and nozzle is fixed on guide rail bench and moves up and down with guide rail, outer optical path adjusting laser optical path, and from nozzle bright dipping, scanning system also realizes by manipulator;
Namely control system refers to upper industrial computer, make said system collaborative work, motion control unit gated sweep systematic collaboration motion on it, upper industrial computer also comprises Laser control unit, regulates laser frequency, laser power density, pumping voltage or pumping current, laser pulse width, pulse number.
Preferred Laval-cavity nozzle is as to obtain the maximum power of brushing.
Preferred inert gas, as assist gas, reduces the generation of slag.
Technological merit of the present invention is, the problems such as the cutter for long-standing problem machined field is easy to wear, tipping, crudy are not high, cooling fluid inefficacy, give a kind of surface recombination the shape handles method of General Promotion cutting performance, also disclose the device implementing this processing method.In very low power, nick chamber that rake face is formed, Each performs its own functions for the protruding pattern three of consolidation, complements each other again simultaneously.Wherein consolidation protruding pattern region material hardness is high, wear-resisting, chip and cutter is forced to be separated in working angles, the generation of suppression built-up edge, and then avoids the vibrations that built-up edge causes, and improves chip quality.The nick chamber moulding of main worn area is formed by nick chamber array, and during Tool in Cutting, borings counter-knife throws away from cutting face at a high speed, coordinates and forms hydrodynamic lubrication effect with the cooling fluid of abundance, be beneficial to chip removal, reduces knife face wearing and tearing.Run through groove rake face being processed the zone of influence, because siphon principle forms the transmission channel of cooling fluid to point of a knife, for hydrodynamic lubrication effect provides lubricant medium and cooling fluid, and can according to the elongated form of dominant failure reason appropriate design very low power on rake face of cutter.Above-mentioned micro forming is small due to size, improves the overall performance of cutter with minimum rigidity loss greatly.High energy energy beam acts on tool surface, can form the effect of similar pinning strengthening, this region material hardness, intensity are increased, tool life in micro forming region.Finally, the size Control of micro forming is accurate, and distribution rule, cutter is more attractive in appearance, and after rake face processes the micro forming of certain depth, the degree of wear of cutter more easily judges.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is three classes, four kinds of micro forming structure and morphology enlarged diagrams.
Fig. 2 is Region dividing schematic diagram on rake face.
Fig. 3 is modeling scheme schematic diagram on rake face.
Fig. 4 is that on rake face, very low power is divergence expression extension schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is that on rake face, very low power is reducing-pitch thread extension schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is that consolidation projection forces chip to be separated schematic diagram with cutter.
Fig. 7 is the device schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 8 is the device schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
In figure, 1, cutter; 3, be cut workpiece; 5, matrix material; 7, point of a knife; 2, consolidation micro forming; 6, the moulding of nick chamber; 8, the micro forming of very low power; 9, rake face; 10, cutting region width; 11, main worn area width; 13, the protruding A of consolidation; 14, the protruding B of consolidation; 15, nick chamber; 12, very low power; 18, cutting region; 17, main worn area; 16, the processing zone of influence; 19, front cutting edge; 21, main cutting edge; 20, harden zone; 21, tool cutting edge angle; 29, moulding border; 30, affect border; 40, tool mounting; 41, upright guide rail; 42 horizontal X-Y workbench; 43, water cooling plant; 44, waterline; 45, source of the gas; 46, gas transmission line; 47, laser instrument; 48, nozzle; 100, optical fiber; 101, manipulator; 102 arm ends.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is three classes, four kinds of micro forming structure and morphology enlarged diagrams.The pattern of micro forming structure has three classes, is consolidation projection, nick chamber 15, very low power 12 respectively, and wherein consolidation is protruding comprises the protruding A13 of consolidation and consolidation projection B14 due to concrete machined parameters change and principle of randomization.The protruding A13 of the corresponding consolidation of the first row, the protruding B14 of the corresponding consolidation of the second row in figure mono-form, the corresponding nick chamber 15 of the third line, the corresponding a bit of very low power 12 of fourth line.First top view being classified as the pattern of each micro forming structure in figure mono-form; Second, three width of pattern and the sectional view of length direction being classified as corresponding each micro forming structure.The ratio of definition area ratio/occupancy ratio enclose the to by moulding border 29 area sum corresponding sculpted zone gross area, diameter encloses by moulding border 29 the maximum inscribed circle diameter of figure, the degree of depth is the distance on bosom, moulding border 29 to matrix material 5 surface, highly for the protruding peak of consolidation is to the distance on matrix material 5 surface.
The detailed description of the invention of the inventive method is as follows:
A () is in the surperficial zoning of metal cutting tool 1, the processing zone of influence 16 is regions that tool surface is subject to cutting operation impact, include cutting region 18 and main worn area 17 and the extension to other region, cutter 1 surface, the region of extending is the position that cutter 1 surface cool liquid is easy to arrive, and cutting region 18 and main worn area 17 are positions that cooling fluid not easily arrives or loss is very fast; Cutting region 18 completes the region of removing and being cut workpiece 3 material task at cutter 1 working angles; Main worn area 17 is to the passive region of chip in cutter 1 working angles, and chip starts to be separated with cutter in this region; Cutting region 18 is parallel with cutting edge with the border in each region, main worn area 17.The method of zoning has two kinds, one processing observation method, its two cutters observation method, processing observation method is chip flow in the actual process of observation, depart from the form of cutter 1, coolant flow situation in process, when naked eyes inconvenience observation, preferably cutter 1 is taken to the method for infrared image, the position of the hot polymerization collection shown in image is the position that cooling fluid not easily arrives or loss is fast, then main worn area 17 comprises chip and contacts the position contacted with cutter 1 to detach procedure with cutter 1, it is cutting region 18 that cutting edge starts to border, main worn area, the processing zone of influence 16 comprises cutting region (18) and main worn area 17 and the extension to other region, the region of extending is the region that cutter 1 surface cool liquid is easy to arrive, cutter observation method observes the cutter 1 reaching design process time, by the wear condition on tool surface detection system mapping cutter 1 surface, the preferred microscopic appearance instrument of tool surface detection system, high multiple light microscope, electron microscope, mechanical probes formula Shape measure instrument, if observe, crescent moon is hollow, then main worn area 17 at least comprises the hollow region of crescent moon, if do not observe, the wearing and tearing of crescent moon low-lying area and cutter 1 are not assembled, the original size of contrast cutter 1, then main worn area 17 at least covers the wearing and tearing of 80%, cutting edge starts to be cutting region 18 width to main worn area 17 frontier distance, the processing zone of influence 16 comprises cutting region 18 and main worn area 17 and the extension to other region, the region of extending is the region not occurring wearing and tearing, cutting region width 10 is 0.2 ~ 1mm, main worn area width 11 is 1 ~ 30mm, cutting edge starts to exceed cutting region width 10 upper limit to main worn area frontier distance, exceed part division and become owner of worn area, and count main worn area width 11.
(b) definition area ratio/occupancy ratio enclose to by moulding border 29 area with the ratio of the corresponding sculpted zone gross area, diameter encloses by moulding border 29 the maximum inscribed circle diameter of figure, the degree of depth is the distance on bosom, moulding border 29 to matrix material 5 surface, highly for the protruding peak of consolidation is to the distance on matrix material 5 surface, according to step a, for above-mentioned three zone design modeling schemes, cutting region 18 is the consolidation micro forming 2 of consolidation array of protrusions, its area ratio/occupancy ratio is 5% ~ 50%, the height of consolidation projection 1 ~ 20 micron, diameter 20 ~ 500 microns, main worn area 17 is the nick chamber moulding 6 of nick chamber 15 array, its area ratio/occupancy ratio 5% ~ 50%, the degree of depth in nick chamber 15 2 ~ 25 microns, diameter 10 ~ 100 microns, in the processing zone of influence 16 for connecting and running through the micro forming 8 containing the very low power of many very low power 12 in above-mentioned two regions, very low power 12 is wide 10 ~ 250 microns, dark 2 ~ 25 microns, it is straight line or curve and is multiple width, the degree of depth, the combination in extension direction, for specific cutter, very low power 12 has two class distributions at rake face 9: the tool cutting edge angle 21 of cutter is 45
o~ 75
obetween, point of a knife 7 heat dispersion of this kind of cutter is good, and the Main Function of very low power 12 is that extend in divergence expression, be beneficial to the diffusion on rake face 9 of cutting fluid, the tool cutting edge angle 21 of cutter is 75 for main worn area 17 provides cutting fluid to form hydrodynamic lubrication effect
o~ 90
obetween, point of a knife 7 heat dispersion of this kind of cutter is poor and stress is comparatively concentrated, and the Main Function of very low power 12 cutting fluid is sent near point of a knife 7, extends in reducing-pitch thread, is beneficial to absorb to cut heat-dissipating,
C cutter 1 is fixed on tool mounting 40 by ();
(d) consolidation micro forming 2, the micro forming 8 of nick chamber moulding 6 and very low power is obtained the thawing of cutter 1 surfacing or gasification by high energy energy beam, the micro forming 8 of very low power is by nick chamber 15 linear array, be formed by connecting, also obtain by machinery scraping, consolidation micro forming 2 is formed by consolidation array of protrusions, the protruding difference due to machined parameters of consolidation comprises two kinds of forms and the protruding A13 of consolidation and the protruding B14 of consolidation, the former is the central protuberance that matrix material 5 melts the center flow formation of backward moulding border 29, the crateriform that the latter melts the surrounding flowing formation of backward moulding border 29 for matrix material 5 is protruding, nick chamber moulding 6 is formed by nick chamber 15 array, affecting in border 30 containing harden zone 20 after processing,
Surface detection apparatus observation in (e) step a and inspection surface topography, determine whether to reach expection moulding target, criterion is, sculpted zone boundary bias is less than 2mm, nick chamber 15) and consolidation projection 90% meet dimensional requirement: the cutter 1 of successful moulding carries out step f, and original moulding grinds off by the cutter 1 of unsuccessful moulding gets back to step c;
F () uses the cutter 1 after moulding, repeat step a, and namely by processing the area distribution of observation method and cutter observation method double optimization surface, final zone design divides the processing being used for cutter 1 in enormous quantities.
As shown in Figure 7, a kind of tool surface reforming apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention one comprises, tool surface detection system, micro forming system, assist gas system, water-cooling system, control system, scanning system.Except tool surface detection system, control system is responsible for all the other each system works collaborative.
The workflow of surface detecting system is: adopt and detect tool surface roughness, the device of wear extent, finds key wear region before micro forming, carries out observation and the inspection of surface topography after micro forming.
The system architecture of assist gas is: gas transmission line 46 connects source of the gas 45 and nozzle 48, and nozzle 48 is positioned at below laser instrument 47, and close by opening and closing valve A control gas transmission line 46 is logical, opening and closing valve A is controlled by control system.The workflow of this system is: the assist gas that source of the gas 45 produces is transported to nozzle 48 injection at a high speed by gas transmission line 46, and control system controls the opening and closing of gas transmission line 46.
Water cooling system structure is: waterline 44 connects the cooling lumen of water cooling plant 43 and laser instrument 47 inside, and close by opening and closing valve B control waterline 44 is logical, opening and closing valve B is controlled by control system.The workflow of system is: waterline 44 by cooling fluid at laser instrument 47 Inner eycle with cooling, control system controls the opening and closing of waterline 44 and water cooling plant 43.
In this example, micro forming system comprises, and one is the device forming consolidation projection at matrix material, and this device turnkey is drawn together laser instrument and occurred and outer light path.Laser instrument generation wavelength, pulse width, power are suitable for the laser of consolidation micro forming, outer light path realizes conduction and the focusing of laser, outer light path forms the laser beam of high energy more in space, finally completes the consolidation micro forming to arbitrfary point, space by laser scanning device.Outer light path is that mirror-reflection conduction or fiber optic conduction complete focusing in conjunction with lens; Two is the devices forming nick chamber at matrix material, and from the device difference forming consolidation projection at matrix material, it is that the laser parameter that laser instrument produces is different, parameter comprises optical maser wavelength, repetition rate, power density, pulsewidth, pulse number; Three is the devices forming very low power at matrix material, its hardware components is with form nick chamber device at matrix material identical, very low power is made up of continuously arranged nick chamber, and also can be swiped by machinery obtains random very low power, and said apparatus also can be realized by electrochemical method.
Scanning system in this example comprises horizontal X-Y workbench 42 and upright guide rail 41, the motion control unit of their the controlled system of action controls, nozzle 48 is fixed in the workbench of guide rail 41, scanning system changes the relative position of nozzle 48 and cutter 1, and the change of the light path of laser is completed by outer light path.
Control system is upper industrial computer, Laser control unit and motion control unit is had in upper industrial computer, upper industrial computer realizes the adjustment of laser frequency, pumping voltage, pumping current, laser pulse width, pulse number parameter by Laser control unit, by the opening and closing of digital output modul water-cooling system, assist gas system, by the collaborative work of motion control unit level of control X-Y table 42, upright guide rail 41.
Device implementation step is such: be fixed on tool mounting 40 by cutter 1 after determining cutter compound micro forming scheme.
First consolidation micro forming 2 is carried out, open water device for cooling 43 and source of the gas 45 is controlled by upper industrial computer, gas transmission line 46 and waterline 44 is opened respectively by opening and closing valve A and opening and closing valve B, laser instrument 47 parameter is regulated by the Laser control unit of upper industrial computer, obtain laser A, make nozzle 48 sweeping cross the cutting region 18 on cutter 1 surface by scanning system.Carry out nick chamber moulding 6 subsequently, regulate laser instrument 47 parameter by the Laser control unit of upper industrial computer, obtain laser B, make nozzle 48 sweeping cross the main worn area 17 on cutter 1 surface by scanning system.Finally carry out the micro forming 8 of very low power, by scanning system, change previous scanning strategy, the processing in nick chamber 15 is become line continuously, nozzle 48 sweeping crosses the processing zone of influence 16.
Laser A obtains consolidation micro forming 2 laser instrument in cutting region 18 is CO
2one of laser instrument, lamp pumping YAG laser, diode pumped YAG lasers, optical fiber laser, laser A parameter is: power density 10
4-10
7w/cm
2, defocusing amount ± 2mm, pulse width 0.01 ~ 500ms, pulse frequency 30 Hz ~ 20kHz; Laser B obtains nick chamber moulding 6 laser instrument in main worn area 17 is diode pumping YAG solid state laser, and one of optical fiber laser, laser B parameter is: power density 10
6~ 10
8w/cm
2pulse width 0.01ns ~ 50 μ s, pulse frequency 1 ~ 50kHz, umber of pulse 1 ~ 7 time, assist gas is nitrogen, argon gas, oxygen, air, air pressure is 0.05 ~ 1.00MPa, and wherein pulse frequency is the laser pulse number that laser instrument sends each second, and umber of pulse is the laser pulse number forming single nick chamber 15.
Embodiment two is as Fig. 8, and the difference of itself and embodiment one is: the scanning system in embodiment two is manipulator 101; The optical fiber 100 that the outer optical routing of micro forming system has flexibility realizes, optical fiber 100 connecting laser 47 and nozzle 48; The laser that laser instrument 47 produces is conducted by optical fiber 100, and arm end 102 clamps nozzle 48.Manipulator 101 and upper industrial computer carry out communication, and by the latter's control realization tool surface complex modeling processing method identical with embodiment one.
Claims (10)
1. a tool surface complex modeling processing method, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A) in metal cutting tool (1) surperficial zoning, the processing zone of influence (16) is the region that tool surface is subject to cutting operation impact, include cutting region (18) and main worn area (17) and the extension to other region, cutter (1) surface, the region of extending is the position that cutter (1) surface cool liquid is easy to arrive, and cutting region (18) and main worn area (17) are the positions that cooling fluid not easily arrives or loss is very fast; Cutting region (18) completes at cutter (1) working angles the region that removal is cut workpiece (3) material task; Main worn area (17) is to the passive region of chip in cutter (1) working angles, and chip starts to be separated with cutter in this region; Cutting region (18) is parallel with cutting edge with the border in main worn area (17) each region;
B) be cutting region (18) and main worn area (17) and extension three the zone design modeling schemes to other region, cutter (1) surface, the consolidation micro forming (2) that cutting region (18) is consolidation array of protrusions, its area ratio/occupancy ratio is 5% ~ 50%, the height of consolidation projection 1 ~ 20 micron, diameter 20 ~ 500 microns; The nick chamber moulding (6) that main worn area (17) is nick chamber (15) array, its area ratio/occupancy ratio 5% ~ 50%, the degree of depth of nick chamber (15) 2 ~ 25 microns, diameter 10 ~ 100 microns; In the processing zone of influence (16) for connecting and running through the micro forming (8) containing the very low power of many very low power (12) of cutting region (18) and main worn area (17), very low power (12) is wide 10 ~ 250 microns, dark 2 ~ 25 microns, it is straight line or curve and is the combination in multiple width, the degree of depth, extension direction; Wherein, area ratio/occupancy ratio is moulding border (29) encloses the ratio of area and the corresponding sculpted zone gross area, diameter is moulding border (29) encloses the maximum inscribed circle diameter of figure, the degree of depth is the distance of moulding border (29) bosom to matrix material (5) surface, highly for the protruding peak of consolidation is to the distance on matrix material (5) surface;
C) cutter (1) is fixed on tool mounting (40);
D) micro forming (8) of consolidation micro forming (2), nick chamber moulding (6) and very low power is obtained the thawing of cutter (1) surfacing or gasification by high energy energy beam; The micro forming (8) of very low power is for many by nick chamber (15) linear array, the very low power (12) that is formed by connecting; Consolidation micro forming (2) is formed by consolidation array of protrusions; Nick chamber moulding (6) is formed by nick chamber (15) array, affecting containing harden zone (20) in border (30) after processing, and harden zone (20) are fuel factor influence area, and hardness rises;
E) surface detection apparatus observation and inspection surface topography, determine whether to reach expection moulding target, criterion is, sculpted zone boundary bias is less than 2mm, nick chamber (15) and consolidation projection 90% meet dimensional requirement: the cutter (1) of successful moulding carries out step F), original moulding grinds off by the cutter (1) of unsuccessful moulding gets back to step C);
F) use the cutter (1) after moulding, repeat steps A), namely by processing the area distribution of observation method or cutter observation method double optimization surface, determine final Region dividing, the surface recombination the shape handles for cutter in enormous quantities (1) is processed.
2. a kind of tool surface complex modeling processing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described steps A) define the method for zoning for processing observation method, described processing observation method is chip flow in the actual process of observation, depart from the form of cutter (1), coolant flow situation in process, when naked eyes inconvenience observation to cutter (1) shooting infrared image, the hot polymerization collection position shown in image is the position that cooling fluid not easily arrives or loss is fast, then main worn area (17) comprise chip and contact the position contacted with cutter (1) to detach procedure with cutter (1), it is cutting region (18) that cutting edge starts to border, main worn area.
3. a kind of tool surface complex modeling processing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described steps A) method that defines zoning is cutter observation method, cutter observation method observes the cutter (1) reaching design process time, by the wear condition on cutter (1) surface detecting system mapping cutter (1) surface, if observe, crescent moon is hollow, then main worn area (17) at least comprise the hollow region of crescent moon, if do not observe, the wearing and tearing of crescent moon low-lying area and cutter (1) are not assembled, contrast cutter (1) original size, then main worn area (17) at least cover the wear trace of 80%, cutting edge starts to be cutting region (18) width to main worn area (17) frontier distance, cutting region width (10) is 0.2 ~ 1mm, main worn area width (11) is 1 ~ 30mm, cutting edge starts to exceed cutting region width (10) upper limit to main worn area frontier distance, exceed part division and become owner of worn area, and count main worn area width (11).
4. a kind of tool surface complex modeling processing method according to claim 1,2 or 3, is characterized in that: described step B) for the tool cutting edge angle (21) of cutter 45
o~ 75
obetween cutter, very low power (12) is in rake face (9), and the tool cutting edge angle (21) of cutter is 45
o~ 75
obetween, very low power (12) is that main worn area (17) provides cutting fluid to form hydrodynamic lubrication effect, and extend in divergence expression, make the diffusion on rake face (9) of cutting fluid, the end dispersed is cutting region (18) border.
5. a kind of tool surface complex modeling processing method according to claim 1,2 or 3, is characterized in that: described step B) for the tool cutting edge angle (21) of cutter 75
o~ 90
obetween cutter, very low power (12) is in rake face (9), point of a knife (7) heat dispersion of cutter is poor and stress is comparatively concentrated, cutting fluid is sent near point of a knife (7) by very low power (12), extend in reducing-pitch thread, improve the supply of cutting fluid in point of a knife (7) region, the end of convergence is point of a knife (7).
6. a kind of tool surface complex modeling processing method according to claim 1,2 or 3, is characterized in that: described step D) in very low power micro forming (8) by machinery scraping obtain; Consolidation projection comprises two kinds of forms, for the protruding A(13 of consolidation) and the protruding B(14 of consolidation), the protruding A(13 of consolidation) melt the central protuberance that backward moulding border (29) center flow formed, the protruding B(14 of consolidation for matrix material (5)) for matrix material (5), to melt the crateriform that the flowing of backward moulding border (29) surrounding formed protruding.
7. a kind of tool surface complex modeling processing method according to claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that: step B) in, protruding and the arrangement of nick chamber (15) of consolidation on cutting region (18) and main worn area (17) and the regularity of distribution, the one for arrangement pitch is equal, in the arrangement of arrangement pitch increasing or decreasing, constant area occupation rate.
8. a kind of tool surface complex modeling processing method according to claim 1,2 or 3, is characterized in that: step D) in high energy energy beam be laser beam, laser A cutting region (18) obtain consolidation micro forming (2) laser instrument be CO
2one of laser instrument, lamp pumping YAG laser, diode pumped YAG lasers, optical fiber laser, laser A parameter is: power density 10
4-10
7w/cm
2, defocusing amount ± 2mm, pulse width 0.01 ~ 500ms, pulse frequency 30 Hz ~ 20kHz; The laser instrument that laser B obtains nick chamber moulding (6) in main worn area (17) is diode pumping YAG solid state laser, and one of optical fiber laser, laser B parameter is: power density 10
6~ 10
8w/cm
2, pulse width 0.01ns ~ 50 μ s, pulse frequency 1 ~ 50kHz, umber of pulse 1 ~ 7 time, assist gas is nitrogen, argon gas, oxygen or air, and air pressure is 0.05 ~ 1.00MPa; Wherein, pulse frequency is the laser pulse number that laser instrument sends each second, and umber of pulse is the laser pulse number forming single nick chamber (15).
9. implement the claims the device of a kind of tool surface complex modeling processing method described in 1, it is characterized in that: comprise tool surface detection system, tool mounting (40), micro forming system, assist gas system, water-cooling system, control system and scanning system;
Tool surface detection system is microscopic appearance instrument, high multiple light microscope, electron microscope or mechanical probes formula Shape measure instrument;
Micro forming system comprises, comprise laser instrument (47) and outer light path, outer light path is conducted the laser that laser instrument (47) produces and focuses on, and the laser beam of high energy is focused into a bit by outer light path in space, and outer light path is that mirror-reflection conduction or optical fiber (100) conduction complete focusing in conjunction with lens;
Assist gas system comprises source of the gas (45), gas transmission line (46), opening and closing valve A and nozzle (48); Implement gas transmission line (46) connect source of the gas (45) and nozzle (48) by opening and closing valve A control its lead to close, opening and closing valve A is controlled by control system;
Water-cooling system comprises water cooling plant (43), waterline (44) and opening and closing valve B; Implement the cooling lumen that waterline (44) connects water cooling plant (43) and laser instrument (47) inside, controlled logical the closing of waterline (44) by opening and closing valve B, opening and closing valve B is controlled by control system;
Scanning system comprises horizontal X-Y workbench (42) and upright guide rail, and nozzle (48) is fixed on guide rail bench, moves up and down with guide rail, and outer optical path adjusting laser optical path is from nozzle (48) bright dipping; Described tool mounting (40) is arranged at horizontal X-Y workbench (42), the position of fixed cutting tool (1), and the spatial pose that cutter (1) is processed at every turn is identical;
Control system is upper industrial computer, control micro forming system, assist gas system, water-cooling system and scanning system work, the motion control unit gated sweep system motion of control system, upper industrial computer controls the Laser control unit of micro forming system, regulates laser frequency, laser power density, pumping voltage or pumping current, laser pulse width, pulse number.
10. the device of a kind of tool surface complex modeling processing method according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: scanning system is for replacing with manipulator (101), manipulator (101) is six degree of freedom manipulator, laser beam transmits via optical fiber (100), optical fiber (100) connects nozzle (48), nozzle (48), by arm end (102) clamping, aims at tool mounting (40).
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| CN201210446252.8A CN102962656B (en) | 2012-11-09 | 2012-11-09 | Compound model processing method and device for cutter |
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