CN102959502A - 在系统中提供异步事件通知的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种在系统中从设备向主机提供异步通知的方法,该方法不要求硬件提供异步操作。在本发明的一个实施例中,系统支持命令排队并且命令从主机向设备发送。设备接收命令和关联的标签,并且在有效的情况下接受该命令。在接受该命令后,设备开始监控异步事件。如果检测到异步事件,设备通过向主机发送响应和关联的标签来提供事件的通知。在本发明的另一个实施例中,异步通知的方法使能无效标签的使用。在本发明的进一步的实施例中,主机可以使能异步通知并在不需要额外的主机命令的情况下进行操作。
Description
技术领域
背景技术
计算机和计算机系统已经无处不在。在大范围的计算机硬件和计算机软件可用的情况下,制定用于连接各种计算机设备和在这些计算机设备间通信的大量标准变得很重要。
为了提供允许兼容性和互操作性的标准,计算机产业已经组成了成员公司组织。例如,目前,标准可用于计算机和外围设备之间的硬件和软件连接,诸如硬盘驱动和输入/输出设备的内部计算机设备和诸如便携式装置的外部产品通过标准接口线缆附连到计算机并且使用标准通信协议。一些广泛采用的例子包括通用串行总线(USB)、高级技术附件(ATA)和串行ATA(SATA或者eSATA)接口。
在这些系统的每个系统中,主机发起操作并向设备发送命令,而设备根据预定义协议响应主机命令。在这些接口中未规定设备向主机发起命令或操作。设备只能向主机发送通过主机发送的命令而被请求的信息或者以其他方式由主机行为直接引发的信息。
这种协议使用不对称接口,其中主机和设备已经定义命令和响应的角色(例如,主机命令且设备响应),而不像端到端通信协议,其中单元既可以作为发起者又可以作为目标而操作。SCSI是提供这种端到端支持的一种标准接口。
一些系统接口可能允许通过主机到设备的线缆在单元之间进行硬件通知,然而新接口偏爱于串行通信,其不能在线缆上提供专用信号,并且在诸如串行ATA或USB的系统中不提供这种新接口。
在具有主机和设备且未规定在任何时刻设备向主机通知未完成事件的系统中,设备只有不利的选择。例如,一旦发生故障条件或者设备无法恢复的事件,一些设备可采取自复位或者异常中止未完成的命令以迫使主机引起注意并有希望恢复。这可能导致灾难性的数据损失或者导致系统不可操作。系统超时或者复位是尝试恢复的最后手段。另外,在形势(例如环境条件或者可恢复的错误)变得危急之前,设备对主机的通知可能是令人期望的。
图1图示系统10,其使用了主机计算机11、设备13和允许主机计算机11和设备13之间的通信的可选互连线缆12。例如,图1的通信可以包括例如通用串行总线、AT附件、串行附连的SCSI或串行ATA或通信接口。可替代地,一些设备13直接插入到主机11而不需要线缆12,并且以相同的方式操作。主机计算机11可以是可以向设备13发送命令的任何系统。例如,主机计算机可以是台式计算机、笔记本电脑或者专用控制器。
主机计算机11和设备13之间的接口可以是通用串行总线接口,通常称为USB接口。USB接口还可以被称为USB-1、USB-2或者USB-3,并且将来的版本是可以预料的。设备可支持命令排队并包含命令队列14。例如,设备13可以是诸如键盘、打印机或鼠标的输入/输出(I/O)设备;或者是诸如磁盘驱动、固态驱动器、CD或者DVD播放器的存储设备;或者是诸如调制解调器的通信设备;或者是诸如音乐或者视频播放器的个人娱乐设备。
图2图示系统20,其使用主机计算机11和设备13,主机计算机11使用线缆12连接到集线器15的主机侧,并且设备13使用可选线缆12连接到集线器15的设备侧。集线器提供扩展端口,从而多个设备可以连接到单个主机端口。在图2所示的系统中,主机计算机是通信主机;而设备被物理连接到集线器15。集线器提供至设备的物理接口,并且对设备来讲似乎成为一台主机。图2所示的集线器在本领域中是众所周知的并且是广泛应用的。本发明以下对主机或者主机计算机的引用可包括图1所示的直接连接的主机或者图2所示的通过集线器连接的主机。
图3图示设备接收排队命令的流程图。开始于步骤300,设备在具有主机的系统中运行。在方框305中,设备检查来自主机的命令接收。如果没有接收到新命令(方框310),设备前进至方框315以确定命令队列中是否存在任何未完成的命令。如果队列为空,设备返回方框305以继续检查新命令。
如果在方框310中接收到新命令,则在方框325中设备检查命令及其关联的队列命令标签有效性。如果命令无效或者标签无效,则在方框320中设备通过发送错误状态来响应主机。如果命令和标签是有效的,则设备接受要执行的命令(方框330)。设备将命令加入设备命令队列,而任何其他未完成的命令将等待完成。在方框340中,设备将确定下一步应该执行的命令,并且根据需要为获得最佳性能而将队列重新排序,但是重新排序不是必需的。然后,在方框345中设备执行命令队列中的命令。
图3所示的流程图是排队命令过程的一个例子。例如,可替代的实施例可以将命令接收、队列排序和/或命令执行作为同步操作来执行以提供改进的性能。
发明内容
本发明公开在系统中从设备向主机提供异步通知的方法,其中不要求硬件提供异步操作。
在本发明的一个实施例中,提供了在支持命令排队的系统中自设备提供异步事件通知的方法。该方法包括从主机接收排队命令和队列标签;从主机接受排队命令,而不用调度命令以完成;监控设备操作以监控异步事件;检测异步事件;以及通过调度和向主机发送包括标签的响应提供异步事件的通知。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,提供了在支持命令排队并且命令从主机发送到设备的系统中从设备提供异步事件通知的方法。设备接收命令和关联的队列标签,并且确定标签不是有效标签。然后,设备确定命令是否是异步事件通知请求类型命令,如果是,则将命令以有效命令接受。在接受命令后,设备开始监控异步事件。如果检测到异步事件,则设备通过向主机发送响应和关联标签来提供事件的通知。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,提供了在支持命令排队并且从主机向设备发送命令以使能非请求的队列命令响应的系统中从设备提供异步事件通知的方法。设备接收命令,并且向命令分配或者关联队列标签,并且使能非请求的队列命令响应。设备开始监控异步事件。如果检测到异步事件,则设备通过向主机发送响应和关联标签来提供事件的通知。
附图说明
图1图示主机和设备系统的框图。
图2图示主机和具有集线器的设备系统的框图。
图3是图示设备接收排队命令的流程图。
图4是图示本发明的使用异步事件命令的实施例的流程图。
图5是图示本发明的使用有效队列命令标签或者无效队列命令标签的实施例的流程图。
图6是图示本发明的使用主机使能操作的实施例的流程图。
图7图示根据本发明的实施例的设备的框图。
图8图示根据本发明的实施例的分离的队列存储。
图9图示根据本发明的实施例的分区的队列存储。
具体实施方式
图4图示本发明的具有异步事件命令的实施例。
开始于方框400,设备在具有主机的系统中运行。在方框405,设备检查来自主机的命令接收。如果没有接收到新命令(方框410),则设备前进到方框415以确定命令队列里是否存在任何未完成的命令。如果队列为空,则设备返回到方框405以继续检查新命令。如果队列不为空,则在方框445中该设备继续执行未完成的命令。
如果在方框410中接收到新命令,则在方框412中设备检查该命令及其关联的队列命令标签有效性。如果命令无效或标签无效,在方框420中设备通过发送错误状态来响应主机。如果命令和标签是有效的,则设备接受命令(方框425)。在方框430中设备检查以确定命令是否为异步事件通知命令(AEN命令)。如果命令不是AEN命令,则该设备将把命令加入到设备命令队列中(方框435),而任何其它未完成命令将等待完成。在方框440中,设备将决定接下来执行哪个命令,并且设备可能根据需要将队列重新排序以获得最佳性能。之后,在方框445中,设备执行命令队列中的命令。
返回到方框430,如果命令是AEN命令,则设备将开始新过程(路径432),其包括方框455到465。该过程起始于方框455,通过由设备发起对异步事件的监控开始。如果在方框460中没有检测到事件,则设备继续监控。如果在方框460中检测到事件,设备将产生结束状态并向主机传递异步事件状态。再次返回到方框430,如果命令是AEN命令,则除了在方框455开始的新过程外,该过程还通过路径450返回到方框405继续处理队列命令。
图4中显示的实施例是排队命令过程的一个实施例。例如,可替代的实施例可能将命令接收、队列排序和/或命令执行作为同步操作来执行以提供改进的性能。
图5图示处理有效或无效队列命令标签的创造性过程的实施例。开始于方框500,设备在具有主机的系统中运行。在方框505,设备检查来自主机的命令接收。如果接收到新命令(方框510),则该过程前进至方框515以检查命令及其关联的队列命令标签有效性。如果命令和标签是有效的,则该过程前进至方框550并检查方框510中接收到的新命令以确定命令是否为异步事件通知命令(AEN命令)。如果命令不是AEN命令,则设备将命令加入到设备命令队列(方框555),而任何其它未完成的命令等待完成。在方框560中,设备将确定下一步应该执行的命令,并且根据需要将队列重新排序以获得最佳性能。然后,在方框565设备执行命令队列中的命令并返回到505以重新开始操作。
返回到方框550,如果命令是AEN命令,则设备开始新的过程(路径551),包括方框530到540。开始于方框530的该过程开始于设备接收要处理的AEN命令。在方框530中,设备将发起对异步事件的监控。如果在方框535中没有检测到事件,则设备继续监控。如果在方框535中检测到事件,则在方框540中设备将产生结束状态并且向主机传递异步事件状态,然后重新返回到方框505继续操作。
再次返回到方框550,如果命令是AEN命令,则除了通过路径551在方框530开始的新过程之外,该过程还通过路径552返回到方框505继续处理队列命令。
返回到方框515,如果命令和标签是无效的,该过程前进到方框520。如果命令是AEN类型的命令,在方框530中设备将发起对异步事件的监控。如果在方框535中没有检测到事件,则该设备继续监控。如果在方框535中检测到事件,则在方框540中设备将产生结束状态并且向主机传递异步事件状态,然后重新返回到方框505以继续队列命令操作。
再返回到方框520,除了转向在方框530开始的新过程之外,设备还通过路径522返回到方框505继续处理队列命令。在方框520,如果命令不是AEN命令,设备向主机发送错误状态并返回到方框505以继续队列命令操作。
在图5图示的实施例中,如果命令是AEN命令,则处理无效标签。例如,无效标签可能是复制的标签分配、超范围数值、预留标签或者任何通常不被接受且将导致向主机返回错误状态的标签。图5的方法解决了以下问题,其中如果接收到具有无效标签的命令,则设备可能异常中止所有未完成的命令,并且可能给系统造成灾难性的故障。在图5所示的实施例中,如果命令是AEN命令,无效标签将被接受。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,可以通过命令或者默认操作使能设备以开始监控和报告异步事件。如果主机通过设备查询获知该特征,则主机可以使用约定的命令标签使设备能够发起异步事件通知。标签可以是有效或者无效标签值。在使能该特性的同时主机可以提供优选的标签。该设备也可以提供缺省标签。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,任意排队命令可以包括用于使能异步事件通知的选项比特/位。通过利用本发明的实施例,主机不必向驱动器发送任何命令,从而简化操作和费用。在经过复位或者掉电之后,设备中被使能的特征可以是持久的或非持久的。这降低了启动或者复位操作后的配置时间。
在本发明的实施例中,可以选择在设备发生复位后持续使能异步事件通知。
在本发明的实施例中,可以选择在设备断电后持续使能异步事件通知。
图6图示本发明的具有主机使能操作的实施例。
开始于方框610,对设备进行上电或设备复位。在复位结束后,在方框615中设备将检查其配置信息以确定异步事件通知特征是否被使能。如果该特征未被使能,则在方框620该过程终止。如果特征被使能,设备将分配用于报告AEN命令状态的标签。分配的标签可以是之前主机提供的标签或设备分配的标签。
在方框630中设备将发起对异步事件的监控。如果在方框635中没有检测到事件,则设备继续监控。如果在方框635中检测到事件,则在方框640中设备将产生结束状态并向主机传递异步事件状态,然后选择性地返回到方框630以继续监控。
在图4、图5和图6的实施例中,未调度AEN命令以完成该命令并且AEN命令可能持续处于无限期地未完成状态而不影响正在进行的队列命令操作或者队列顺序。在异步事件发生后,将调度AEN命令以完成该命令。设备可以选择立即完成或者根据事件严重性推迟通知。
图7图示根据本发明的一种实施例的设备700的框图。设备700包括处理器710和命令队列14。命令队列可以是处理器710分配的内存的一部分,或者是诸如处理器710可访问的寄存器或者数据存储的专用硬件。队列包含与每个未完成的标签排队命令有关的信息。标签可以是数字,其图示为队列中的单独项1、2、3,等等。
异步监控单元720可以是运行在处理器710上的软件或者是不同的硬件单元。
在一个实施例中,异步监控单元720将通过硬件功能或者通过轮询监控异步事件。
在一个实施例中,异步监控单元720可以通过中断处理器或者由处理器执行轮询程序向处理器710提供信息。
异步队列存储730可以是与命令队列不同的任何典型的存储器/数据存储,可以是完全分离的单元、区间、不同的存储器位置或类似物。
图8图示根据本发明的实施例的队列存储14和异步队列存储730。在该实施例中,命令队列14不同于异步存储730。队列存储14可以独立于异步存储730操作,并且被独立调度和排序以用于命令执行以及由处理器710完成。在本发明的实施例中,异步监控单元720和异步存储730中的操作将不影响命令队列14中的操作。
图9图示根据本发明的实施例分区的队列存储740。在一个实施例中,分区的队列存储740是通用存储器或由处理器740分配的数据存储。分区的存储740包括两个分区,公用队列分区14和异步存储分区730。根据本发明的实施例,尽管两个分区可能处在公共的存储器或者数据位置中,但是两个分区仍然被分开处理。
在本发明的实施例中,监控的异步事件包括超过与以下参数中的一个或更多参数有关的至少一个阈值:
温度;
冲击;
振动;
功率;
湿度;
高度;
气压;
错误率;
磨损;和
延迟的完成阈值。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,异步事件包括加密、许可或者使用权条件。
尽管根据特定实施例描述了以上内容,但是根据本文的公开,其它实施例对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。例如,在一个可替代的实施例中,可以同时执行操作,而不是有序执行操作,从而提升性能。在另一个实施例中,可以在硬件实现中执行异步事件监控并且自动报告,无需处理器参与。结合在处理器上运行的硬件和/或软件实现本发明的可替代方式或者将本发明实施为可配置为在多种模式下运行的硬件实现对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的设计选择。因此,本发明的系统和方法可以实现为提供以下编程的软件:例如,一组指令和/或在计算机可读介质内实现的元数据。描述的实施例仅通过示例的方式呈现,而不旨在限制本公开的范围。实际上,在不偏离本发明的精神的情况下,说明书描述的新颖方法和系统可以以其他各种形式实现。因此,本发明不限于任何优选的实施例,而是通过参照所附的权利要求来限定。
Claims (20)
1.一种在支持命令排队的系统中利用设备进行异步事件通知的方法,其包括以下步骤:
从主机接收命令和标签;
接受所述命令而不调度待完成的所述命令;
监控设备操作以监控异步事件;
检测异步事件;和
通过向所述主机发送包括所述标签的响应来提供所述异步事件的通知。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述命令包括异步事件通知请求。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述异步事件通知请求包括命令码或者命令选项位。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述标签包括无效标签、超范围标签或复制标签。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述异步事件包括超过与以下参数的一个或更多参数有关的至少一个阈值:
温度;
冲击;
振动;
功率;
湿度;
高度;
气压;
错误率;
磨损;和
延迟的完成阈值。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述异步事件包括加密、许可或者使用权条件。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中接收和提供的步骤利用通用串行总线、串行附连SCSI、AT附件或串行ATA通信中的至少一种。
8.一种在支持命令排队的系统中利用设备进行异步事件通知的方法,其包括以下步骤:
从主机接收命令和标签;
确定所述命令包括异步事件通知请求;
接受所述命令而不调度待完成的所述命令;
监控设备操作以监控至少一个异步事件;
检测所述至少一个异步事件,和
通过向所述主机发送包括所述标签的响应来提供至少一个异步事件的通知。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述异步事件通知请求包括命令码或命令选项位。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中确定所述命令包括异步事件通知请求的步骤包括确定来自所述主机的排队命令包括无效标签。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述无效标签包括超范围标签或者复制标签。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述异步事件包括超过与以下参数的一个或更多参数有关的至少一个阈值:
温度;
冲击;
振动;
功率;
湿度;
高度;
气压;
错误率;
磨损;和
延迟的完成阈值。
13.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述异步事件包括加密、许可或使用权条件中的至少一个。
14.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中接受和提供的步骤是使用通信协议实现的,所述通信协议包括通用串行总线、AT附件、串行附连SCSI或串行ATA通信中的至少一种。
15.一种在支持命令排队的系统中用于来自设备的异步通知的方法,其包括以下步骤:
从主机接收命令以使能非请求的队列命令响应,
分配标签用于非请求的队列命令响应,
响应于主机命令使能非请求的队列命令响应,
监控设备操作以监控异步事件;
检测异步事件;和
通过向所述主机发送包括分配的标签的响应来提供所述异步事件的通知。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中在经历复位操作期间持续使能步骤。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中在经历掉电期间持续使能步骤。
18.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中使用所述命令接收所述标签。
19.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中利用所述设备分配所述标签。
20.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述标签包括无效标签、超范围标签或复制标签中的至少一种。
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EP2564307A1 (en) | 2013-03-06 |
US8631284B2 (en) | 2014-01-14 |
HK1181515A1 (zh) | 2013-11-08 |
US20110271151A1 (en) | 2011-11-03 |
EP2564307A4 (en) | 2014-02-19 |
CN102959502B (zh) | 2016-08-10 |
WO2011137380A1 (en) | 2011-11-03 |
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