CN102955004B - Subway tunnel segment service performance detection method based on wave velocity determination - Google Patents
Subway tunnel segment service performance detection method based on wave velocity determination Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a subway tunnel segment service performance detection method based on wave velocity determination. According to the method, on the basis of hollow tubular structure modality dispersion analysis based on a thin-walled shell theory, propagation laws and propagation velocities of various elastic waves in a tubular structure are determined; a wired testing system is adopted or a wired testing system is matched with an internet-of-things technology to reasonably set an acceleration and a velocity sensor; and vibration signals are dynamically collected through specific hammer and other pulse wave excitation manners, and frequency phase characteristics of the signals are determined through HHT (Hilbert-Huang transformation) and other signal post-treatment manners so as to extract wave velocities of specific bending waves and compression waves to determine a structure service performance between various detection points.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is applicable to the hollow tubular structures health detection such as subway tunnel, underground pipeline, by test velocity of wave and bullet mould, carrys out decision structure military service performance, is specifically related to a kind of subway tunnel section of jurisdiction military service method for testing performance based on wave velocity measurement.
Background technology
In recent years, urban rail transit in China construction is in the stage of develop rapidly, according to the data of house and the announcement of town and country construction portion, by 2009,15 cities such as Beijing, Shanghai approximately have 50 rail lines to build, and construction scale occupies first of the world, and operation mileage reaches 1154km; By 2015,22 cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou were by newly-built 79 rail lines, and 8820.03 hundred million yuan of gross investments, always run mileage 2260km, and scale will rank first in the world.Building up and putting into effect along with track traffic, lifeline as city, within phase designed life of 100 years, the health of its structure (comprising tunnel and bridge concrete structure) is on active service most important for city normal operation, is more and more subject to social extensive concern.
Urban rail transit in China construction development is fast but historical short, and people are inadequate to the seriousness attention degree of structural health military service problem.The residing environment sensitive of urban track traffic structure, train operation very high density, service condition is harsh, and can there is weak link in structural elements junction and member thereof self under the factor long terms such as constructional deficiency, material degradation, once structural failure is difficult for or is non-exchange, thereby urban track traffic structural health is on active service and has been proposed high requirement.Urban track traffic structural health military service problem after putting into effect has at present started to appear.
Thereby the duty status of structure is detected very important, what adopted only can detect point such as detection methods such as reisilometers in the past, efficiency is extremely low, be not suitable for the detection of large scale structure, thereby lot of domestic and international scholar and technician plan to merge the military service condition that the subject research and development health monitoring systems such as civil structure and information (microelectronic sensor, wireless Ad Hoc sensor network) judge structure.Utilize sensor to extract the information such as therefrom analytical structure damage of information, structure duty status such as vibration.
Thereby this measuring technology is with this background, adopt artificial excitation's pulsating wave, utilize network collection vibration information analysing elastic ripple that sensor the forms propagation velocity of wave in structure, thereby determine structure duty status.This invention can detect the integral body bullet mould between two measuring points, thereby can determine the structure duty status in certain area, thereby can improve detection efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of subway tunnel section of jurisdiction military service method for testing performance based on wave velocity measurement.
The subway tunnel section of jurisdiction military service method for testing performance based on wave velocity measurement that the present invention proposes, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) according to design data, calculate tunnel structure frequency dispersion and response characteristic
Running tunnel between two stations is an overlength linear structure, and its approximately equivalent is a unlimited hollow tubular structures of extending, theoretical according to the mechanical characteristic of the space tubular structure of unlimited extension and thin-wall case, its radial displacement response
u, tangential direction displacement response
v, length travel response
wby solving following formula (1) ~ formula (3), obtain:
（1）
（2）
（3）
Wherein:
q x ,
q y ,
q z be respectively hollow tubular structures load point place radially, tangent line and longitudinal direction load, formula (1) is along application point radial direction balance equation, formula (2) is along application point tangential direction balance equation, formula (3) is application point longitudinal direction balance equation;
afor the housing center of circle is to wall thickness mid point distance,
hfor pipe thickness,
for the radian of distance application point on circumference,
trepresent response constantly,
e, with
be respectively housing elastic modulus, density of material and Poisson ratio.
Above formula is carried out to two-dimension fourier transform, can try to achieve unlimited extensional shell in frequency-wavenumber domain inner equilibrium equation expression formula, and be expressed as matrix form:
（4）
Wherein in specific hoop wave number
nunder condition,
,
,
be respectively
u,
v,
wexpression formula in frequency-wavenumber domain,
,
,
for corresponding to load in load
q x ,
q y ,
q z expression formula in frequency-wavenumber domain, as edge
xdirective effect one impulsive load, its expression formula as the formula (5):
（5）
[A] is according to the definite matrix of coefficients of formula (1)-Shi (3).According to formula (4), can try to achieve the displacement response in thin-wall case frequency-wavenumber domain.Then by inverse-Fourier transform, trying to achieve displacement responds
u,
v,
w.
(1.1) determine that each Elastic Wave Velocity is with frequency change value
By solving the determinant of matrix of coefficients [A] in formula (4), ask for corresponding to transversal section hoop wave number
neach rank mode, wherein
ntwo dispersion curves of=0 correspondence correspond respectively to shearing wave and the wave of compression mode along tunnel longitudinal propagation,
n=1 corresponding dispersion curve is corresponding to along tunnel longitudinal bending ripple (disturbing Qu Bo) mode,
nbe greater than 2 and correspond respectively to tunnel cross section plane inner bending mode state.By calculating above-mentioned dispersion curve slope, obtain various Elastic Wave Velocities with the changing value of frequency.
(1.2) under different mode of excitation, by phase differential between measuring point, judge velocity of wave
When in tunnel, a certain section radially and longitudinally acts on a pulse excitation respectively respectively, because excited vibrating elastic ripple kind and velocity of propagation are different, thereby apart from a certain distance of load action section
l zplace's response condition there are differences.Wherein phase characteristic is an important indicator of research structure body vibration characteristics, from the variation of phase place, can reflect structure point out the variation of all kinds of vibration wave velocity of propagation of process.Theoretical according to mode frequency dispersion, apart from application point
l zplace and application point place phase differential
can increase gradually with frequency, its computing formula is:
（6）
Wherein:
for design factor, while calculating crooked and shearing wave, get 0.5, while calculating wave of compression, get 1,
for the phase differential with application point place,
for difference on the frequency,
c n(
f) be corresponding elasticity velocity of wave propagation, from dispersion curve, be the tangent slope of a certain dispersion curve.According to above formula, can measure by the phase differential of test point-to-point transmission the velocity of wave of corresponding vibration ripple in structure.
determine test spacing and measurement direction
(2.1) measurement direction is determined
Because tunnel in actual operation tunnel is embedded in the soil body, the soil body can be propagated and exert an influence vibration wave simultaneously, and while different mode of excitation institute propagation law is also variant.Can, by coupling one hollow tubular soil model, adopt the two-tube model of Cambridge University to calculate its Phase Changing.Find after deliberation when effect radial impulse encourages, radial direction global response comprise longitudinal bending ripple first step mode and
nbe greater than each rank plain bending mode of 2.Thereby when effect radial load, apart from load point place, comprise multiple elastic wave and flexural wave velocity of propagation becomes nonlinearities change with frequency, thereby only plain bending mode start and flexural wave velocity of propagation and the linear narrow and small frequency band of frequency in test, the more difficult effectively information such as vibration wave velocity of propagation of obtaining.
And when effect is during longitudinal force, response only comprise wave of compression and
n=1 corresponding longitudinal bending ripple second mode.Before second-order mode of flexural vibration occurs, before frequency is less than second-order longitudinal bending mode cutoff frequency, phase place even variation, thereby can test the phase differential obtaining between two measuring points, thus calculate accurately propagation velocity of wave.
Thereby when longitudinally (being tunnel bearing of trend) applies impulsive load, vibratory response only comprises single mode within the scope of certain frequency, thereby phase place vary stable, is more suitable for and definite Elastic Wave Velocity.Radially excite and can in narrow and small frequency band range, obtain flexural wave velocity of wave.
(2.2) measuring point arrangement pitch is determined
According to formula (6) when two measuring point spacings
l zlarger phase place changes
more responsive to velocity of wave variation, but when actual measurement, consider the requirement of power hammer impulse source frequency range and attenuation of elastic wave and section of jurisdiction sensing range, two measuring point distances
l zshould be taken as 20-30m.
site layout project and data acquisition
According to determined measuring point arrangement pitch and measuring point measurement direction in abovementioned steps (2), in tunnel wall hand hole, arrange acceleration or speed pickup, short-term is measured and is adopted glue to fix, and long-term measurement goes to be screwed.Transmission mode can adopt wired or wireless mode, by power, hammers excitation pulse ripple into shape, uses digital signal acquiring systematic collection vibration signal.
signal post-processing and calculating phase place are determined velocity of wave
In actual measurement, owing to comprising noise, utilize HHT conversion remove noise and carry out modal separation, carry out based on this Cross Spectra Analysis between measuring point, obtain the phase differential between two measuring points, then according to formula (6), calculate testing elastic wave-wave speed.
by velocity of wave again inverse structural parameters and judgement military service performance
By extracting the velocity of wave of above-mentioned relevant elastic wave, and according to the parameters such as bullet mould of formula (4) inverse structure, thereby judge its structure military service performance.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) based on theory of thin shell, can calculate more accurately the propagation velocity of wave under each frequency of all kinds of elastic waves in the hollow tubular structures such as tunnel, thereby for determining that by measuring velocity of wave Structural Test of Tunnel Segments military service condition provides theoretical and guarantees.
(2) the overall military service performance in real time, dynamically and between Efficient Evaluation two measuring points by the method energy, only can carry out spot measurement and can not make assessment to tunnel overall performance thereby break away from conventional art.
(3) this technology can combine by following technology of Internet of things, thereby provides a kind of technical guarantee for tunnel structure Gernral Check-up in real time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 tunnel military service Performance Detection implementing procedure figure;
The free tunnel of Fig. 2 dispersion curve figure;
Fig. 3 is that dynamic load applies and relevant response schematic diagram;
The phase place of Fig. 4 vibratory response (V) changes (Fy=1);
Fig. 5 vibratory response (U) phase place changes (Fz=1);
Fig. 6 method of testing measuring point arrangenent diagram.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, further illustrate by reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention.
As Fig. 1 is depicted as the invention process process flow diagram, first by structure design of tunnel parameter and soil parameters, calculates tunnel structure frequency dispersion and response characteristic, thereby determine that under each elastic wave propagation velocity of wave and different shooting conditions, phase place changes; Determine thus sensor arrangement form and arrangement pitch; As guidance, utilize acceleration and speed pickup system to carry out signals collecting; Then collection signal is carried out aftertreatment and calculates phase differential; Finally by inverse, determine structural parameters, thereby determine structure military service performance.
As Fig. 2, take Shanghai Underground running tunnel as example, its every ring consists of six sections of jurisdiction, and section of jurisdiction is prefabricated.Tunnel internal diameter is 2.75m, external diameter 3.1m, and concrete bullet mould is taken as 3500MPa, and Poisson ratio is 0.25, and density is 2500kg/m
3.According to above-mentioned parameter, suppose that running tunnel longitudinally infinitely extends, corresponding to transversal section hoop wave number
n, in frequency separation [0Hz, 200Hz] scope, be distributed with multiple mode of oscillation.Wherein
ntwo dispersion curves of=0 correspondence correspond respectively to along the shearing wave (dash line) of tunnel longitudinal propagation and wave of compression mode (dotted line),
n=1 corresponding dispersion curve is corresponding to along tunnel longitudinal bending ripple (disturbing Qu Bo) mode,
n=2 ~ 5 correspond respectively to a dispersion curve, and these curves are all corresponding to tunnel cross section plane inner bending mode state.From figure, in dispersion curve, can draw the propagation velocity of wave in structure, from dimensional analysis, the slope of dispersion curve is propagated velocity of wave for it, thereby the shear-wave velocity that can obtain the propagation of Shanghai Underground tunnel structure in example by slope calculations is 2370m/s, wave of compression velocity of wave is 3700 m/s, within the scope of longitudinal bending wave-wave speed 20-100Hz, is approximately equal to 1810 m/s.Thereby can, by exciting different pulsating waves, by extracting the velocity of wave of above-mentioned waveform correlation, can obtain by inverse the parameters such as bullet mould of structure, thereby judge its structure military service performance in reality test.
As shown in Figure 3, when on a certain section in endless tunnel edge respectively
yto with
zto acting on respectively a pulse excitation F
yand F
ztime, by apart from load action section
l zon another section at place, put Z
2(
l z, θ=0) and Z
4point (
l z, θ=π) and phase differential there are differences.
As shown in Figure 4, the two-tube model of employing Cambridge University can calculate tunnel and be embedded in the response in the soil body, when acting on y to load, within the scope of 0-200Hz, y direction global response V will include the response of most mode, comprise flexural wave first step mode and
nthe plane mode on=2-5 rank.Thereby its phase characteristic and complexity thereof, only can within the scope of 100Hz, determine the velocity of wave of flexural wave, its phase differential is 31Hz as shown in Figure 4, according to phase difference calculating formula, obtaining its velocity of wave is 1820m/s.Meet flexural wave velocity of wave.
As shown in Figure 5, and when effect z is during to acting force, response comprise wave of compression and
n=1 corresponding longitudinal bending ripple second mode.As shown in Figure 5, before second-order mode of flexural vibration occurs, be that frequency is while being less than 127.5Hz, phase place even variation, can calculate its phase differential is 123.5Hz, thereby can show that vibration removing wave-wave speed is for 3700m/s, its value is consistent with wave of compression velocity of wave, thereby can affirm that U comprises wave of compression in response.If test U to response under this operating mode, can calculate comparatively accurately propagation velocity of wave simultaneously.
According to formula (6) when that two measuring point spacings phase place far away changes velocity of wave is more responsive, but when actual measurement, the requirement of the attenuation of elastic wave of consideration and section of jurisdiction sensing range, two measuring points distances should be taken as 20-40m.
As shown in Figure 6, by above-mentioned range finding linear arrangement acceleration or speed pickup, tunnel test should be selected between 20-40m, at certain distance, arranges that bilateral transducer is for signal check and model analysis.Tunnel test should be not less than 200Hz with sensor test frequency band, and transmission mode can adopt and wirelessly also can adopt wired form.Sensor and concrete should closely be fixed.By power, hammer longitudinally (tunnel bearing of trend) into shape and carry out hammering excitation pulse vibration wave, in practical operation, in hand hole, carry out along the longitudinal direction hammering.The vibration signal that sensor is gathered carries out the post-treatment procedures such as noise remove, thereby makes result more accurate.Aftertreatment adopts HHT conversion to carry out empirical mode decomposition, and then the vibration signal that intercepting is identical with power hammer vibration source frequency band carries out phase analysis and determine that according to formula (6) vibration velocity of wave then calculates and plays mould according to formula (1)-(4), thereby determine section of jurisdiction condition.
Claims (1)
1. the subway tunnel section of jurisdiction military service method for testing performance based on wave velocity measurement, is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
(1) according to design data, calculate tunnel structure frequency dispersion and response characteristic
Running tunnel between two stations is an overlength linear structure, and its approximately equivalent is a unlimited hollow tubular structures of extending, theoretical according to the mechanical characteristic of the space tubular structure of unlimited extension and thin-wall case, its radial displacement response
u, tangential direction displacement response
v, length travel response
wby solving following formula (1) ~ formula (3), obtain:
（1）
（2）
（3）
Wherein:
q x ,
q y ,
q z be respectively hollow tubular structures load point place radially, tangent line and longitudinal direction load, formula (1) is along application point radial direction balance equation, formula (2) is along application point tangential direction balance equation, formula (3) is application point longitudinal direction balance equation;
afor the housing center of circle is to wall thickness mid point distance,
hfor pipe thickness,
for the radian of distance application point on circumference,
trepresent response constantly,
e, with
be respectively housing elastic modulus, density of material and Poisson ratio;
Above formula is carried out to two-dimension fourier transform, can try to achieve unlimited extensional shell in frequency-wavenumber domain inner equilibrium equation expression formula, and be expressed as matrix form:
（4）
Wherein in specific hoop wave number
nunder condition,
,
,
be respectively
u,
v,
wexpression formula in frequency-wavenumber domain,
,
,
for corresponding to load in load
q x ,
q y ,
q z expression formula in frequency-wavenumber domain, as edge
xdirective effect one impulsive load, its expression formula as the formula (5):
（5）
[A] is according to the definite matrix of coefficients of formula (1)-Shi (3); According to formula (4), can try to achieve the displacement response in thin-wall case frequency-wavenumber domain; Then by inverse-Fourier transform, trying to achieve displacement responds
u,
v,
w;
(1.1) determine that each Elastic Wave Velocity is with frequency change value
By solving the determinant of matrix of coefficients [A] in formula (4), ask for corresponding to transversal section hoop wave number
neach rank mode, wherein
ntwo dispersion curves of=0 correspondence correspond respectively to shearing wave and the wave of compression mode along tunnel longitudinal propagation,
n=1 corresponding dispersion curve is corresponding to along tunnel longitudinal bending mode state,
nbe greater than 2 and correspond respectively to tunnel cross section plane inner bending mode state; By calculating above-mentioned dispersion curve slope, obtain various Elastic Wave Velocities with the changing value of frequency;
(1.2) under different mode of excitation, by phase differential between measuring point, judge velocity of wave
When in tunnel, a certain section radially and longitudinally acts on a pulse excitation respectively respectively, because excited vibrating elastic ripple kind and velocity of propagation are different, thereby apart from a certain distance of load action section
l zplace's response condition there are differences; Wherein phase characteristic is an important indicator of research structure body vibration characteristics, from the variation of phase place, can reflect structure point out the variation of all kinds of vibration wave velocity of propagation of process; Theoretical according to mode frequency dispersion, apart from application point
l zplace and application point place phase differential
can increase gradually with frequency, its computing formula is:
（6）
Wherein:
for design factor, while calculating crooked and shearing wave, get 0.5, while calculating wave of compression, get 1,
for the phase differential with application point place,
for difference on the frequency,
c n(
f) be corresponding elasticity velocity of wave propagation, from dispersion curve, be the tangent slope of a certain dispersion curve; According to above formula, can measure by the phase differential of test point-to-point transmission the velocity of wave of corresponding vibration ripple in structure;
(2) determine test spacing and measurement direction
(2.1) measurement direction is determined
Because tunnel in actual operation tunnel is embedded in the soil body, the soil body can be propagated and exert an influence vibration wave simultaneously, and while different mode of excitation institute propagation law is also variant; Can, by coupling one hollow tubular soil model, adopt the two-tube model of Cambridge University to calculate its Phase Changing; Find after deliberation when effect radial impulse encourages, radial direction global response comprise longitudinal bending ripple first step mode and
nbe greater than each rank plain bending mode of 2; When effect radial load, apart from load point place, comprise multiple elastic wave and flexural wave velocity of propagation becomes nonlinearities change with frequency, only plain bending mode start and flexural wave velocity of propagation and the linear narrow and small frequency band of frequency in test, the more difficult effectively information such as vibration wave velocity of propagation of obtaining;
When effect is during longitudinal force, response only comprise wave of compression and
n=1 corresponding longitudinal bending ripple second mode; Before second-order mode of flexural vibration occurs, before frequency is less than second-order longitudinal bending mode cutoff frequency, phase place even variation, can test the phase differential obtaining between two measuring points, thereby calculates accurately propagation velocity of wave;
Be longitudinally tunnel bearing of trend while applying impulsive load vibratory response within the scope of certain frequency, only comprise single mode, thereby phase place vary stable, is applicable to and definite Elastic Wave Velocity; Radially excite and can in narrow and small frequency band range, obtain flexural wave velocity of wave;
(2.2) measuring point arrangement pitch is determined
According to formula (6) when two measuring point spacings
l zlarger phase place changes
more responsive to velocity of wave variation, when actual measurement, consider the requirement of power hammer impulse source frequency range and attenuation of elastic wave and section of jurisdiction sensing range, two measuring point distances
l zbe taken as 20-30m;
(3) site layout project and data acquisition
According to determined measuring point arrangement pitch and measuring point measurement direction in abovementioned steps (2), in tunnel wall hand hole, arrange acceleration or speed pickup, short-term is measured and is adopted glue to fix, and long-term measurement goes to be screwed; Transmission mode can adopt wired or wireless mode, by power, hammers excitation pulse ripple into shape, uses digital signal acquiring systematic collection vibration signal;
(4) signal post-processing and calculating phase place are determined velocity of wave
In actual measurement, owing to comprising noise, utilize HHT conversion remove noise and carry out modal separation, carry out based on this Cross Spectra Analysis between measuring point, obtain the phase differential between two measuring points, then according to formula (6), calculate testing elastic wave-wave speed;
(5) by velocity of wave again inverse structural parameters and judgement military service performance
By extracting the velocity of wave of above-mentioned relevant elastic wave, and according to the bullet mould parameter of formula (4) inverse structure, thereby judge its structure military service performance.
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| CN104634870A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-05-20 | 同济大学 | Tunnel structure damage identification device based on vibration response test |
| CN105911153B (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2018-07-13 | 暨南大学 | A kind of Signal separator and denoising method and device based on mobile window function |
| CN107678017A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-02-09 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of automatic acquisition device and method of tunnel piercing drilling depth |
| CN110579412B (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2022-03-11 | 重庆大学 | Method for laying stability detection positions of fan foundations of highway tunnel |
| CN111551639B (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2023-03-31 | 常州常工电子科技股份有限公司 | Method for measuring soil elastic wave dispersion curve |
| CN112560320A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-03-26 | 华东交通大学 | Calculation method of bending vibration band gap of track structure |
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| JP4371364B2 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2009-11-25 | 財団法人電力中央研究所 | Automatic ultrasonic flaw detector and automatic ultrasonic flaw detection method for thick structure |
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