CN102929298B - Tower-type solar heat collection heliostat field control system based on multi-layer architecture - Google Patents
Tower-type solar heat collection heliostat field control system based on multi-layer architecture Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tower-type solar heat collection heliostat field control system based on a multi-layer architecture. The system is composed of three control levels including a heliostat field scheduling and controlling layer, a heliostat sub-group controlling layer and a sun tracking device layer from top to bottom, wherein the heliostat field scheduling and controlling layer consists of five parts including a heliostat field controlling machine, a weather monitoring device, a field observation device, a communication interface and a light spot checking device; the heliostat sub-group controlling layer is composed of a controller adopting the two-computer backup redundancy technique, and the controller has the function of a bottom-layer heliostat; and the sun tracking device layer consists of the bottom-layer heliostat used for open-loop control and open-loop/closed-loop mixed control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tower type solar collecting system, field of industrial automation control, particularly a kind of tower type solar thermal-arrest heliostat field control system based on multi-layer framework.
Background technology
Along with the demand of market to clean energy resource constantly increases, solar energy thermal-power-generating field occurs a large amount of to follow the tracks of the solar follow-up device of running track from sun.Wherein, tower type solar collecting system is being followed the tracks of in complexity and accuracy requirement all higher than the other system such as trough system and butterfly.And tower type solar collecting system has fully demonstrated its superior economy and technical development prospect, for promoting that the development of regenerative resource is significant.
Tower type solar collecting system technique and equipment is in the early stage of the marketization, industrialization.Its present stage technology main direction will be raising system performance, reduce the cost of system, can large batch of production participate in fierce market competition.
Problems of the prior art:
1, also large and small hot spot combination heliostat field is not implemented to the system of regulation and control in prior art;
2, heliostat controller usually uses expensive and has bottom control unit and the device of general utility functions present stage, and majority is the unwanted function of heliostat control procedure, causes the waste of resource, is not suitable for commercial production and market competition;
3, the heliostat subgroup controller performance in heliostat field is higher, still has the space of exploitation.Only make it as special subgroup controller in prior art, cause the waste of resource;
4, the existing direction of Open-closed-loop Hybrid mode heliostat device pointed by its light sensor based on light sensor can not regulate in real time, some dot projections of Jing Chang cannot be realized scheduling to heat collector surface temperature field and control to the diverse location of heat collector.
Summary of the invention
In order to realize the requirement of tower type solar collecting system technique and equipment in low cost/high-performance industrialization and marketability developing stage, solve above-mentioned the problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of tower type solar thermal-arrest heliostat field control system based on multi-layer framework.
The present invention realizes according to following proposal:
Based on a tower type solar thermal-arrest heliostat field control system for multi-layer framework, control level by three from top to bottom and form: mirror field level is dispatched and key-course, heliostat subgroup key-course and solar follow-up device layer; The level scheduling of mirror field is made up of mirror field controller, weather monitoring device, field observation device, communication interface, hot spot calibration equipment five part with key-course; Heliostat subgroup key-course is made up of the controller of the redundancy that have employed dual-host backup, and this controller has bottom heliostat function concurrently; Solar follow-up device layer is made up of the bottom heliostat of opened loop control and Open-closed-loop Hybrid mode;
The level scheduling of described mirror field has following association with the two-layer affiliated control device of key-course and other:
(1) calculate geographic position, place, mirror place, observe running track from sun related data and send to each heliostat subgroup;
(2) send instruction to each heliostat subgroup control device and receive the relevant information of its feedback;
(3) instruction of tower collecting system parametric controller is received and feedback-related information;
(4) according to demands such as period, the field changes of photothermal deformation system temperature, determine to perform dot projection, the relevant heliostat subgroup of task such as to defocus, the mirror field treatment measures of heliostat and extreme climate, and instruction is sent to relevant heliostat subgroup control device;
(5) mechanical damage completing heliostat one by one by heliostat subgroup control device calibrates for error work;
(6) monitor the running status of Jing Chang and report related data to tower collecting system parametric controller;
Described heliostat subgroup level key-course comprises at least two and has heliostat bottom group control function and the controller from motion tracking sun operation function concurrently, and one when breaking down, automatically switches to another controller.
The open ring control device of described solar follow-up device layer comprises communication interface circuit, extension storage unit, Non-follow control key circuit, watchdog circuit, power-fail detection circuit, the control chip of real time clock circuit and alerting signal receiving circuit, the built-in calculating of control chip, control the program of heliostat position angle and elevation angle electric machine rotation, outer monitoring computing machine by communication interface to these control chip sending controling instruction and data, after control chip receives the steering order of supervisory control comuter transmission, carry out analyzing and processing, then elevation angle and azimuth motor rotation is controlled, and then control heliostat moves according to the mode of specifying, the angle value that elevation angle motor and azimuth motor are turned over self by respective scrambler feeds back to control chip, the angle value of control chip storage motor feedback also calculates the current angle value of heliostat accordingly, then the current angle value of heliostat is fed back to supervisory control comuter,
The Open-closed-loop heliostat of described solar follow-up device layer comprises reflective mirror (7), column (1), reflective mirror position angle and elevation angle driving mechanism (3), (4), heliostat controller (2), light sensor and pole (8) thereof, light sensor angle-adjusting mechanism (5), little reflective mirror (6), heliostat pillar (1) is established in ground, heliostat position angle angle adjusting mechanism (3) and elevation angle adjusting mechanism (4) are arranged on heliostat pillar (1) top, aperture is left at reflective mirror (7) center, little reflective mirror (6) minute surface is towards light sensor (10), with the light sensor pole (8) of arc through the aperture at reflective mirror (7) center, be connected with light sensor angle-adjusting mechanism (5), heliostat controller (2) is fixed on heliostat pillar (1) side, built-in control program.
Compared with prior art, heliostat field dispatching method of the present invention and device are more reasonable, and well balance the relation between the production efficiency of heliostat field and production cost.
The present invention can reduce production cost, prevents the communication obstructing problem in communication process, realizes High Precision Automatic tracking running track from sun, improves mirror field work efficiency.
When the projected spot of heliostat is less and when all can not cover all regions of heat collector, the present invention can regulate light sensor to transfer heliostat and flare be beaten the assigned address needing heating at receiver, flexible dispatching and control heat collector surface temperature field, thus make heliostat device more flexible.
Control accuracy of the present invention is high, and controller response speed is fast; Cost of the present invention is low, adapts to the demand of the high-power collecting system marketization of sun power, industrialization.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the scheduling of heliostat field level and key-course installation drawing; In figure: 8-heliostat field top layer Control and Schedule device; 1-main frame; 2-weather monitoring device; 3-host communication interface; 4-thermal camera, 5-high precision video camera; The receiving target of 6-flare; 7-flare target; Message exchange between 9-heliostat field top layer Control and Schedule device and tower collecting system parametric controller; Message exchange between 10-heliostat field top layer (totally) Control and Schedule device and heliostat subgroup.
Fig. 2 is the redundancy-type heliostat subgroup control device operating diagram having heliostat controlling functions concurrently; In figure: 2-1. list and steering order; 2-2. has the subgroup control device of heliostat controlling functions concurrently; The incident sunshine of 2-3.; The subgroup control device of what 2-4. was for subsequent use have concurrently heliostat controlling functions; 2-5. heliostat subgroup; 2-6. heat collector; 2-7. reflected sunlight.
Fig. 3 is Open-closed-loop Hybrid mode heliostat structure of the present invention and operating diagram; In figure: 3-1. heliostat pillar; 3-2. heliostat controller; 3-3. heliostat position angle adjusting mechanism; 3-4. heliostat elevation angle adjusting mechanism; 3-5. light sensor angle-adjusting mechanism; The little reflective mirror of 3-6.; 3-7. heliostat reflective mirror; 3-8. light sensor pole; 3-9. heliostat incident ray; 3-10. light sensor; 3-11. heliostat reflection ray; 3-12. heliostat reflection ray receiving target (target surface of the present embodiment is divided into A B C D E F G H I nine part, can be divided arbitrarily by target surface as required in practical application); 3-13. tower type solar collecting system monitoring equipment;
Fig. 4 is described Open-closed-loop Hybrid mode heliostat workflow schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic block diagram of open loop heliostat controller of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is open loop heliostat controller control principle schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is invention open loop heliostat controller monolithic processor resetting and clock circuit principle
Fig. 8 is invention open loop heliostat controller microcontroller power supply modular circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 is invention open loop heliostat controller serial communication module circuit theory diagrams;
Figure 10 invention open loop heliostat controller is power down protection modular circuit schematic diagram;
Figure 11 invention open loop heliostat controller is limit switch modular circuit schematic diagram;
Figure 12 invention open loop heliostat controller is real-time clock module circuit theory diagrams;
Figure 13 invention open loop heliostat controller is servocontrol output module circuit theory diagrams;
Figure 14 invention open loop heliostat controller is manual control module circuit theory diagrams.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, heliostat field Control and Schedule device (8) comprises main frame (1), weather monitoring device (2), host communication interface (3), thermal camera (4), high precision video camera (5) for field level scheduling and control device.
Main frame (1) function is: receive the instruction of tower collecting system parametric controller and feedback-related information; Send instruction to each heliostat subgroup control device and receive the relevant information of its feedback; Calculate geographic position, place, mirror place observation running track from sun related data and send to each heliostat subgroup; According to demands such as period, the field changes of photothermal deformation system temperature, determine the relevant heliostat subgroup of task and the mirror field treatment measures of heliostat and extreme climate such as performing dot projection, defocus, and instruction is sent to relevant heliostat subgroup control device; The mechanical damage completing heliostat one by one by heliostat subgroup control device calibrates for error work; Monitor the running status of Jing Chang and report related data to tower collecting system parametric controller.
The weather information in region, place, weather monitoring device (2) Real-Time Monitoring mirror place, comprise the weather conditions such as wind speed, wind direction, weather and sunshine, and collected weather information is uploaded to main frame (1) in real time by communication interface (3).
The temperature field on thermal camera (4) Real-Time Monitoring receiving target (6) surface, and the temperature conditions monitored is uploaded to main frame (1) in real time by communication interface (3).
High precision video camera (5) aims at the mark target (7), opened loop control heliostat carries out mechanical damage when calibrating for error, use this high precision video camera (5) to obtain the image information of heliostat flare, and by communication interface (3), image information is uploaded to main frame (1).
Main frame (1) carries out exchanges data by communication interface (3) and tower collecting system parametric controller and heliostat subgroup controller.Heliostat subgroup level key-course uses a kind of redundancy-type heliostat subgroup control device having heliostat bottom control function concurrently, and this device works by mode shown in Fig. 2:
Under the condition of abundance at sunshine, the descending position of sun data of industrial computer (2-1), weather data, heat collector temperature data are to the heliostat group control device (2-2) having heliostat bottom control function concurrently, and resolve the list received, first, the every platform heliostat device of heliostat group control device (2-2) to heliostat group (5) having heliostat bottom control function concurrently carries out polling communication, judges heliostat running status in heliostat group (2-5) according to feedback signal.Secondly, the list after parsing is come downwards to every table apparatus of heliostat group (2-5).When incident sunshine (2-3) is radiated in heliostat group (2-5), can reflected sunlight (2-7) to heat collector (2-6), complete reception and the storage of sun power.
When the device (2-2) having subgroup controlling functions concurrently breaks down, subgroup level scheduling can detect its fault-signal in time with the industrial computer (2-1) of key-course, and enable a for subsequent use device (2-4) having subgroup controlling functions concurrently and replace, continue heliostat group (2-5) scheduling and control task.
Described in this patent, Open-closed-loop Hybrid mode heliostat device figure is as follows:
1) as shown in Figure 3, a kind of breathing crack heliostat structure with flare position real-time, tunable function: heliostat pillar (3-1) is established in ground, supports heliostat.Heliostat position angle angle adjusting mechanism (3-3) and elevation angle adjusting mechanism (3-4) are arranged on heliostat pillar (3-1) top, for driving reflective mirror (3-7) to change angle, light sensor angle-adjusting mechanism (3-5) is arranged on heliostat pillar top.Light sensor pole (3-8) shape as shown in the figure.Light sensor pole (3-8) and light sensor (3-10) are rigidly connected.Heliostat controller (3-2) is fixed on heliostat pillar (3-1) side.Heliostat incident ray (3-9) is radiated at reflective mirror (3-7) surface, produces reflection ray (3-11).Heliostat controller (3-2) adjusts light sensor (3-10) indication orientation, makes its specific region pointing to receiving target (3-12) surface (e.g., pointing to a-quadrant).Light sensor (3-10) towards reflective mirror (3-7), and produces corresponding feedback signal according to the reflection ray received (3-11) direction.The feedback signal that light sensor (3-10) produces is passed to heliostat controller (3-2), and heliostat controller (3-2) controls reflective mirror (3-7) driving mechanism after calculating by analysis makes flare project the appointed area on receiving target (3-12) surface to the elevation angle and position angle that adjust heliostat.
Connected mode between light sensor and heliostat pillar and reflective mirror: aperture is left at reflective mirror (3-7) center.Little reflective mirror (3-6) minute surface towards light sensor (3-10), and is fixed on reflective mirror (3-7) by connecting link, and is placed in small hole center.Light sensor pole (3-8), through the aperture at reflective mirror (3-7) center, is connected with light sensor angle-adjusting mechanism (3-5).Light sensor (3-10) and light sensor pole (3-8) are rigidly connected.
This device workflow is as shown in Figure 4:
1) tower type solar collecting system monitoring equipment monitors the temperature on heliostat flare receiving target surface in real time, and judges whether to need to adjust heliostat flare position by this temperature information;
2) if heliostat flare position needs adjustment, then control signal is finally sent to heliostat controller by monitoring equipment;
3) heliostat controller controls light sensor angle-adjusting mechanism after receiving upper layer signal, and adjustment light sensor angle, makes it aim at the appointed area on heat collector receiving target surface;
4) feedback signal is sent to heliostat controller by light sensor;
5) according to the feedback signal of light sensor, heliostat controller judges whether reflection ray angle exists deviation, if bias free, then no longer adjusts reflective mirror angle, if there is deviation, then sends a control signal to heliostat angle-adjusting mechanism;
6), after heliostat angle-adjusting mechanism receives the control signal of heliostat controller transmission, reflective mirror adjustment angle is driven.
In solar follow-up device layer, open loop heliostat controller is as follows:
1) as shown in Figure 5:
In master control borad single-chip microcomputer, master control program is housed.Single-chip microcomputer receives control signal and the data of supervisory control comuter transmission with interrupt mode.
The signal that Non-follow control button produces as the external interrupt of single-chip microcomputer by single-chip microcomputer process.FLASH storage unit is for expanding the memory headroom of single-chip microcomputer, and the FLASH storage unit of this expansion can carry for single-chip microcomputer, also can be outside expansion.
Azimuth motor control module and elevation angle motor control unit are used for receiving the pulse signal that sends of single-chip microcomputer, control electric machine rotation according to received pulse signal simultaneously.
Power-fail detection circuit be used for detection control device access the magnitude of voltage of power supply, when voltage is lower than certain value, this circuit thinks that single-chip microcomputer sends power-off signal, and this signal is received by single-chip microcomputer with the form of external interrupt.
The effect of real time clock circuit follows the tracks of the sun for heliostat to provide precise time value.Supervisory control comuter, regularly to single-chip microcomputer transmitting time calibration command, is calibrated by the current time of single-chip microcomputer to real-time clock.
Watchdog circuit is used for preventing Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) program from running and flies.
2) as shown in Figure 6:
Supervisory control comuter by communication interface to heliostat controller sending controling instruction and data, after heliostat controller receives the steering order of supervisory control comuter transmission, carry out analyzing and processing, then control elevation angle and azimuth motor rotation, and then control heliostat moves according to the mode of specifying.Elevation angle motor and azimuth motor feed back to heliostat controller by the angle value that respective scrambler turns over self, the angle value of heliostat controller storage motor feedback also calculates the current angle value of heliostat accordingly, then the current angle value of heliostat is fed back to supervisory control comuter, improve the control accuracy of system.
3) as shown in Fig. 7 to 14, sets forth each control module circuit diagram of open loop heliostat controller circuitry.
Claims (2)
1., based on a tower type solar thermal-arrest heliostat field control system for multi-layer framework, control level by three from top to bottom and form: mirror field level is dispatched and key-course, heliostat subgroup key-course and solar follow-up device layer; The level scheduling of mirror field is made up of mirror field controller, weather monitoring device, field observation device, communication interface, hot spot calibration equipment five part with key-course; Heliostat subgroup key-course is made up of the controller of the redundancy that have employed dual-host backup, and this controller has bottom heliostat function concurrently; Solar follow-up device layer is made up of the bottom heliostat of opened loop control and Open-closed-loop Hybrid mode;
The scheduling of mirror field level and key-course are made up of the receiving target (2-6) of main frame (2-1), weather monitoring device (2-2), host communication interface (2-3), thermal camera (2-4), high precision video camera (2-5), flare, flare target (2-7), main frame (2-1) plug-in, mainly completes following task:
(1) calculate geographic position, place, mirror place, observe running track from sun related data and send to each heliostat subgroup;
(2) send instruction to each heliostat subgroup control device and receive the relevant information of its feedback; (3) instruction of tower collecting system parametric controller is received and feedback-related information;
(4) according to period, photothermal deformation system temperature field change demand, determine to perform dot projection, defocus the relevant heliostat subgroup of task and the mirror field treatment measures of heliostat and extreme climate, and instruction is sent to relevant heliostat subgroup control device;
(5) mechanical damage completing heliostat one by one by heliostat subgroup control device calibrates for error work;
Heliostat subgroup level key-course comprises at least two and has heliostat bottom group control function and the controller from motion tracking sun operation function concurrently, and one when breaking down, automatically switches to another controller;
The open ring control device of solar follow-up device layer comprises communication interface circuit, extension storage unit, Non-follow control key circuit, watchdog circuit, power-fail detection circuit, the control chip of real time clock circuit and alerting signal receiving circuit, the built-in calculating of control chip, control the program of heliostat position angle and elevation angle electric machine rotation, outer monitoring computing machine by communication interface to these control chip sending controling instruction and data, after control chip receives the steering order of supervisory control comuter transmission, carry out analyzing and processing, then elevation angle and azimuth motor rotation is controlled, and then control heliostat moves according to the mode of specifying, the angle value that elevation angle motor and azimuth motor are turned over self by respective scrambler feeds back to control chip, the angle value of control chip storage motor feedback also calculates the current angle value of heliostat accordingly, then the current angle value of heliostat is fed back to supervisory control comuter.
2. control system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the Open-closed-loop heliostat of solar follow-up device layer comprises reflective mirror (3-7), column (3-1), reflective mirror position angle and elevation angle driving mechanism (3-3, 3-4), heliostat controller (3-2), light sensor and pole (3-8) thereof, light sensor angle-adjusting mechanism (3-5), little reflective mirror (3-6), heliostat pillar (3-1) is established in ground, heliostat position angle angle adjusting mechanism (3-3) and elevation angle adjusting mechanism (3-4) are arranged on heliostat pillar (3-1) top, aperture is left at reflective mirror (3-7) center, little reflective mirror (3-6) minute surface is towards light sensor (3-10), with the light sensor pole (3-8) of arc through the aperture at reflective mirror (3-7) center, be connected with light sensor angle-adjusting mechanism (3-5), heliostat controller (3-2) is fixed on heliostat pillar (3-1) side, built-in control program.
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| CN103197688A (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2013-07-10 | 上海聚恒太阳能有限公司 | Flat single-axis tracker of solar photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN103217957B (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2015-05-27 | 中国电力工程顾问集团西北电力设计院有限公司 | Heliostat field control system of tower type solar power plant |
| CN103713661B (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2016-09-28 | 青海中控太阳能发电有限公司 | A kind of method realizing heliostat speed change |
| AU2016208290B2 (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2022-03-17 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Closed loop control system for heliostats |
| CN105241092B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-03-13 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | The optically focused station control system and its implementation in a kind of photo-thermal power station |
| CN105841369B (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2018-01-19 | 华电电力科学研究院 | The control method that a kind of tower type solar heliostat field focuses on |
| CN106054941B (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2023-04-11 | 段翔 | Intelligent reflection solar system |
| CN108762316A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-06 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of photoelectric sensor, solar energy heating control system and method |
| CN112696836A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-23 | 青岛华丰伟业电力科技工程有限公司 | Tower type heliostat control system and method |
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Effective date of registration: 20181213 Address after: 710054 84 Yanta Road South, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Patentee after: Shanxi Xike Boer Special Materials Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 750002 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Jinfeng District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Software Park, No. 159, Xinchang East Road, 7th floor 7009 Patentee before: Ningxia Photosynthetic Energy Technology Co., Ltd. |
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