CN112696836A - Tower type heliostat control system and method - Google Patents
Tower type heliostat control system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112696836A CN112696836A CN202011564670.8A CN202011564670A CN112696836A CN 112696836 A CN112696836 A CN 112696836A CN 202011564670 A CN202011564670 A CN 202011564670A CN 112696836 A CN112696836 A CN 112696836A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
- F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
- F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S2030/10—Special components
- F24S2030/11—Driving means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a tower heliostat control system and a method, comprising the following steps: the system comprises a plurality of heliostat assemblies, heliostat local control devices, heat absorbers and a heliostat field control subsystem; the heliostat assemblies are respectively arranged at preset positions of the heliostat field, rotate in the horizontal direction and the pitching direction and track the sun; the position of the heat absorber is matched with the position of the heliostat component, the heliostat component is controlled to run by the heliostat field control subsystem or the heliostat in-situ control device through the hydraulic transmission device, the heliostat component is controlled to track the sun, and meanwhile, the light spots are reflected to the heat absorber. Optimization of heliostat automatic direction adjustment logic can quickly prepare each heliostat in advance, so that starting time of the heliostats is shortened, and preheating time of a light tower is shortened. The system and the method optimize the integral control of the mirror factory, realize the unified control of the heliostats, start the mirror factory by one key, optimize the adjustment flexibility of the mirror factory, and accordingly accelerate the starting preparation work of the unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tower heliostat components, in particular to a tower heliostat control system and a method.
Background
With the spread of global energy crisis and the increasing severity of environmental problems, many regions are actively seeking and developing new renewable energy sources to replace traditional energy sources. Solar energy is a new green energy source, and is highly valued and has been developed in many areas due to its advantages of being rich, clean, renewable, and the like.
At present, the photo-thermal power station is a good new energy project. A control mode of a heliostat assembly in the photothermal power station is an important factor for improving the power generation capacity and the economic benefit of the tower type photothermal power station. How to realize accurate control heliostat subassembly, promotion tower light and heat power station generated energy and economic benefits are the technical problem that awaits solution at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a tower heliostat control system, comprising: the system comprises a plurality of heliostat assemblies, heliostat local control devices, heat absorbers and a heliostat field control subsystem;
the heliostat assemblies are respectively arranged at preset positions of the heliostat field, rotate in the horizontal direction and the pitching direction and track the sun;
the position of the heat absorber is matched with the position of the heliostat component, the heliostat component is controlled to operate by the mirror field control subsystem or the heliostat local control device through a hydraulic transmission device, the position values of the elevation angle and the azimuth angle in the tracking process of the heliostat component are compared according to the relative position between the mirror and the heat absorber and the elevation angle and the azimuth angle of the sun moving in the longitude and latitude directions respectively according to a set latitude function X (t) and a set longitude function Y (t), the heliostat component is controlled to track the sun, and meanwhile, light spots are reflected to the heat absorber.
It should be further described that the heliostat local control device and the heliostat field control subsystem are respectively used for calculating a solar elevation angle, and the horizontal angle is 0 degree, and is calculated by a formula.
The sun azimuth to the true south is 0 degree angle, is two by the formula and calculates:
wherein:
h: solar altitude;
a: the solar azimuth angle;
δ: the solar declination angle is calculated by a formula three;
δ＝23.45×sin(360×(284+n)/365) ⑶
n is the product day, the number of days in the year, the number of days from 1 month and 1 day to the day to be calculated, namely the sequence number of the day to be calculated in the current year;
tau is a sun hour angle, has a time relation of 15 degrees/h, and is calculated by a formula fourth;
τ＝15×(ST-12) ⑷
ST is true sun, and is measured in 24 hours, so it is negative in the morning and positive in the afternoon.
It is further noted that the mirror field control subsystem is further configured to define: the tower height is Z, the mirror center line height is T1, the length from the tower to the heliostat assembly is X, and the width distance from the tower to the heliostat assembly is Y;
the elevation angle H1 of the normal line of the heliostat assembly is calculated by the formula;
Tan(Hl)＝(Z-Tl)/X ⑸
calculating an azimuth angle Al of the normal of the heliostat assembly according to the formula;
Tan(Al)＝Y/X ⑹
since the angle of reflection is on the other side of the normal, then:
actual latitude function of mirror: x (t) ═ h + Hl)/2-way
Actual longitude function of mirror: y (t) ═ a + Al)/2.
It should be further noted that the mirror field control subsystem includes a plurality of PLC cabinet control modules, a server cabinet and a monitoring station;
a PLC control module and an optical fiber transceiver are installed in the PLC cabinet, and two servers and an exchanger which are redundant with each other are installed in the server cabinet; the monitoring station is provided with a monitoring host;
the four quadrant areas of the mirror field are respectively provided with a meteorological station, and the north and south directions of the center of the mirror field are respectively provided with a meteorological station;
a weather station acquires weather data; the meteorological data includes: heat, solar intensity, solar azimuth and elevation, wind speed, temperature and humidity, barometric pressure, rainfall and visibility.
It is further noted that two layers of calibration areas are arranged at the middle upper part of the light tower;
light spots reflected by the heliostat assemblies are projected to the preset position of the calibration area and then shot in real time by the camera, and the light spots reflected by the heliostat assemblies are projected to the whole process of the preset position of the calibration area and transmitted to the mirror field control subsystem in real time for calibration after image processing.
It is further noted that the circumference of the light tower is provided with eight local cabinets and eight cameras at intervals of 45 degrees, and a camera system control cabinet is arranged between the electronics;
each screen of the heat absorber is provided with ten warm thermocouples, and each quadrant is provided with an infrared thermometer for sensing the temperature of the metal wall of the heat absorber;
the mirror field control subsystem is provided with a GPS clock module, realizes the time check of the GPS clock module through the NTP network,
time data is configured for all devices in the system.
It is further noted that the heliostat field control subsystem controls the moving position of the heliostat assembly by using the geocentric coordinates as the position state of the heliostat assembly; the north latitude in the geocentric coordinates is set as positive, and the west longitude is set as positive.
It is further noted that the heliostat assembly is provided with a hydraulic transmission device and a base, and the base is fixedly connected with the ground;
the base is connected with a control mechanism box, the control mechanism box is connected with an upright post, the upper end of the upright post is connected with a pitching transmission device, and the pitching transmission device is connected with a horizontal support rod;
a heliostat is arranged on the horizontal supporting rod;
the controller and the communication module are arranged in the control mechanism box;
the controller is respectively connected with the heliostat local control device and the heliostat field control subsystem through the communication module and receives a control instruction;
the controller adjusts the pitching angle of the heliostat and adjusts the rotation angle of the heliostat by controlling the operation of the hydraulic transmission device.
It is further noted that the hydraulic transmission device includes: the oil tank, oil pump, hydro-cylinder, direction control solenoid valve, electromagnetism stop valve and energy storage ware return circuit.
The invention also provides a control method of the tower heliostat, which comprises the following steps:
before starting, the mirror field, the heat absorber and the mirror field control subsystem are linked through a fault protection mechanism; testing the fault protection mechanism;
checking whether each device of the system is in a normal state, checking whether each heliostat assembly is normal, and checking whether each heliostat assembly is in a remote control state;
the mirror field of the system selects a preheating waiting mode, and the heat absorber selects a starting mode;
the system mirror field enters a preheating mode: preheating a heat absorber to 300-330 ℃;
checking the heating temperature of the heat absorber through an infrared thermometer, performing salt filling on the heat absorber, and after the heating and salt filling are finished, enabling the heat absorber to enter a circulation mode;
checking whether the heat absorber works normally or not, and whether a pipe is blocked or not;
the system checks whether the work is normal, if so, the system is switched to a normal production mode;
when the heliostat component focuses sunlight to the heat absorber, the mirror field control subsystem acquires various parameters, automatically controls the operation of the heliostat component and controls the temperature of molten salt within a preset temperature threshold range;
controlling the heliostat to operate according to a preset production mode;
and in the evening, the mirror field is switched to a night mode, the heat absorber is switched to a shutdown mode, and the work of one day is finished.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the control system and the method for the tower-type heliostat provided by the invention can automatically adjust the control and sun tracking of the heliostat, and ensure that the heliostat can always focus solar radiation on a solar heat absorber on a light tower through proper adjustment because the position and the height of the sun change in real time.
The tower-type heliostat control system and method optimize the logic of automatic direction adjustment of the heliostats, and can quickly prepare each heliostat in advance, so that the starting time of the heliostats is shortened, and the preheating time of a light tower is reduced.
The tower-type heliostat control system and method optimize the overall control of the heliostat factory, realize the unified control of the heliostats, start the heliostat factory by one key, optimize the adjustment flexibility of the heliostat factory, and accelerate the set starting preparation work.
The tower heliostat control system and method realize automatic, rapid and accurate sun tracking, shorten the preheating time of the light tower, thereby improving the generating capacity and the economic benefit of the power station, and simultaneously providing a solving path and a solving method for effectively improving the starting speed and the economic benefit of the same type of power stations.
The tower-type heliostat control system and the method have the advantages that automatic sun tracking control is realized, the angle of manual intervention of heliostats is reduced, and the flexibility and the automation degree of adjustment of a unit are higher.
The tower heliostat control system and the method realize integral regional control of a heliostat factory, and the directions of all the regions are different, so that the heliostat is controlled by the regions to be adjusted more optimally, and is more stable and convenient to control.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tower heliostat control system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a heliostat assembly;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic transmission.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention provides a tower heliostat control system, as shown in fig. 1, including: a plurality of heliostat assemblies 1, heliostat local control devices 2, heat absorbers 3 and a heliostat field control subsystem 4;
the heliostat assemblies 1 are respectively arranged at preset positions of a heliostat field, rotate in the horizontal and pitching directions and track the sun; the position of the heat absorber 3 is matched with the position of the heliostat assembly 1, the heliostat assembly 1 is controlled to operate by the mirror field control subsystem 4 or the heliostat local control device 2 through a hydraulic transmission device, the position values of the altitude angle and the azimuth angle in the tracking process of the heliostat assembly 1 are compared according to the relative position between the mirror and the heat absorber 3 and the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the sun moving in the longitude and latitude directions respectively according to a set latitude function X (t) and a set longitude function Y (t), the heliostat assembly 1 is controlled to track the sun, and meanwhile, light spots are reflected to the heat absorber 3.
The tower heliostat control system of the invention preferably includes a heliostat factory floor to reflect and focus solar radiation onto a heat absorber of a central tower. The heat absorber is formed by a heat exchanger with a tube wall function. Solar radiation is reflected to the heat absorber and converted into heat energy to heat the nitrate molten salt from 300 ℃ to 565 ℃.
In the present invention, the heliostat 16 is a device that can rotate in both the horizontal and pitch directions and tracks the sun. The heliostat 16 assembly is provided with a hydraulic transmission device and a base 11, and the base 11 is fixedly connected with the ground;
the base 11 is connected with a control mechanism box 12, the control mechanism box 12 is connected with a vertical column 13,
the upper end of the upright post 13 is connected with a pitching transmission device 14, and the pitching transmission device 14 is connected with a horizontal support rod 15; a heliostat 16 is arranged on the horizontal support rod 15; a controller and a communication module are arranged in the control mechanism box 12;
the controller is respectively connected with the heliostat 16 local control device and the heliostat field control subsystem 4 through a communication module, receives a control instruction and executes the control instruction;
the controller adjusts the pitching angle of the heliostat and adjusts the rotation angle of the heliostat by controlling the operation of the hydraulic transmission device.
Preferably, the heliostat has a slightly curved mirror surface, and is composed of 6 × 9 pieces of super white reflective glass.
The hydraulic transmission device includes: the oil tank, oil pump, hydro-cylinder, direction control solenoid valve, electromagnetism stop valve and energy storage ware return circuit.
Wherein, the pump is stopped when the pressure of the hydraulic transmission device is 22MPa, and the pump is started when the pressure of the hydraulic transmission device is 15 MPa. The direction control solenoid valve is a 24V.DC double-head three-position type solenoid valve. As shown in FIG. 3, when the solenoid valve A on the left side is electrified, the port A, T is communicated, the port B, P is communicated, and the hydraulic rod extends. When the B electromagnetic valve on the right side is electrified, the A, P port is communicated, the B, T port is communicated, and the hydraulic rod retracts. When the two electromagnetic valves are not electrified, the A, B, T ports are communicated, and the hydraulic rod is kept at the current position.
Be provided with 4 hydraulic cylinder, wherein 1, 2, 3 # cylinder are used for heliostat direction angular motion, promptly: and horizontally rotating, wherein the No. 4 oil cylinder is used for the motion of a heliostat elevation angle shaft, namely the rotation of the elevation angle.
The combination of the movements of the middle No. 1 to No. 3 oil cylinders produces different horizontal angles, and the table is as follows:
TABLE 1 oil cylinder action combination table
The normal is horizontal when the heliostat is vertical, and the pitch angle is defined to be 0. If the rising is needed: when the angle is increased, the B electromagnetic valve is electrified. The pitch angle is 90 when the mirror is horizontal.
The elements and algorithm steps of the various examples described in connection with the disclosed embodiments of the tower heliostat control system of the invention can be embodied in electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations thereof, and the components and steps of the various examples have been described generally in terms of their functionality in the foregoing description for clarity of illustrating the interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The block diagram shown in the figures of the tower heliostat control system to which the invention relates is merely a functional entity and does not necessarily correspond to a physically separate entity. I.e. these functional entities may be implemented in the form of software, or in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different networks and/or processor means and/or microcontroller means.
The system, device and method disclosed by the tower heliostat control system can be realized in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may also be an electric, mechanical or other form of connection.
The communication mode among the heliostat assembly 1, the heliostat local control device 2, the heat absorber 3 and the mirror field control subsystem 4 can be based on wireless internet access. The Wireless internet Access technology may include Wireless Local Area network (Wi-Fi, WLAN), Wireless broadband (Wibro), worldwide interoperability for microwave Access (Wimax), High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), and so on.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the field control subsystem 4 may be configured with an SCS system, which is a sequential control system, and refers to a control system that performs a series of operations on a plurality of end control elements of a certain process system or a main auxiliary machine in a prescribed time or logic sequence. The SCS system is a hierarchical structure controlled by two levels of a sub-function group level and a driving level.
The mirror field control subsystem 4 is based on the driving of various auxiliary machines of various major systems of the unit, such as smoke, wind, water, steam and the like, and the on-off control of valves, and completes the functions of the interlocking protection of important auxiliary machine valves of the unit and the sequential control of functional group levels.
According to the heliostat local control device 2, the installation local control unit can be a PLC (programmable logic controller), and necessary electrical equipment is matched to manage the movement of the heliostat.
The input signals can be detected, and the operation of each device can be controlled according to the corresponding program. The NREL SPA algorithm is used to ensure that the Solar position Solar Vector is effectively calculated with the accuracy of +/-0.0003 radian during the whole service life of the power station.
A "heliostat-sun-target" triangulation, calculation is performed so that the heliostat reflects the spot to the target area.
And correcting the direction of the mirror surface by using other parameters to ensure that the light spot is reflected correctly.
And the system is communicated with the mirror field control subsystem 4, feeds back the state of the system and executes a command sent by the SCS system.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the mirror field control subsystem 4 controls the movement position of the heliostat assembly 1 using the geocentric coordinates as the position state of the heliostat assembly 1; the north latitude in the geocentric coordinates is set as positive, and the west longitude is set as positive.
That is, using geocentric coordinates, north latitude positive, and west longitude positive as a reference frame for calculating heliostat position, revisions are made based on date, time, and time zone.
The three-dimensional coordinates of the heliostat itself, which are used to indicate the state of the heliostat itself, are shown in FIG. 3. In the horizontal direction, the absolute coordinates are 0 ° due to north and 180 ° due to south, please note that the rotation direction results in positive and negative angles. And the relative coordinate is 0-360 degrees, and the center of the light tower is aligned with the #1 oil cylinder by 180 degrees.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the mirror field control subsystem 4 compares the position values of the elevation angle and the azimuth angle in the heliostat tracking process according to the set latitude function x (t) and the longitude function y (t) respectively by setting two decoupled closed-loop control loops according to the relative position between the mirror and the heat absorber 3 and the elevation angle and the azimuth angle of the sun moving in the longitude and latitude directions, controls the heliostat tracking, and reflects the light spots onto the heat absorber 3.
The solar angle motion calculation formula is as follows;
the solar altitude angle is calculated by a formula taking the level as 0 degree angle:
the solar azimuth angle is calculated by the formula with the angle of 0 degree in the south of the body:
wherein:
h: solar altitude;
a: the solar azimuth angle;
δ: the solar declination angle is calculated by a formula three;
δ＝23.45×sin(360×(284+n)/365)-------------------⑶
n is the product day, the number of days in the year, the number of days from 1 month and 1 day to the day to be calculated, namely the sequence number of the day to be calculated in the current year;
tau is a sun hour angle, has a time relation of 15 degrees/h, and is calculated by a formula fourth;
τ＝15×ST-12-----------------------------------⑷
ST is true sun, and is measured in 24 hours, so it is negative in the morning and positive in the afternoon.
The calculation mode of the sun to the tower is as follows: defining: the tower height is Z, the mirror center line height is T1, the length from the tower to the heliostat is X, and the width distance from the tower to the heliostat is Y;
the elevation angle H1 of the normal line of the heliostat is calculated by the formula;
Tan(Hl)＝(Z-Tl)/X--------------------------------------⑸
calculating an azimuth angle Al of the normal of the heliostat according to the formula;
Tan(Al)＝Y/X-------------------------------------------⑹
since the angle of reflection is on the other side of the normal, then:
actual latitude function of mirror: x (t) ═ h + Hl/2- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Actual longitude function of mirror: y (t) ═ a + Al)/2- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mirror field control subsystem 4 includes a plurality of PLC cabinet control modules, a server cabinet and a monitoring station;
a PLC control module and an optical fiber transceiver are installed in the PLC cabinet, and two servers and an exchanger which are redundant with each other are installed in the server cabinet; the monitoring station is provided with a monitoring host;
the four quadrant areas of the mirror field are respectively provided with a meteorological station, and the north and south directions of the center of the mirror field are respectively provided with a meteorological station;
a weather station acquires weather data; the meteorological data includes: heat, solar intensity, solar azimuth and elevation, wind speed, temperature and humidity, barometric pressure, rainfall and visibility.
Two layers of calibration areas are arranged at the middle upper part of the light tower; light spots reflected by the heliostat assembly 1 are projected to a preset position of the calibration area, then the light spots are shot in real time by a camera, and the light spots reflected by the heliostat assembly 1 are projected to the whole process of the preset position of the calibration area and transmitted to the mirror field control subsystem 4 in real time for calibration after image processing.
The circumference of the light tower is provided with eight local cabinets and eight cameras at intervals of 45 degrees, and a camera system control cabinet is arranged between the electrons; each screen of the heat absorber 3 is provided with ten warm thermocouples, and each quadrant is provided with an infrared thermometer for sensing the temperature of the metal wall of the heat absorber 3;
the mirror field control subsystem 4 is provided with a GPS clock module, the GPS clock module is checked for time through the NTP network,
time data is configured for all devices in the system. The mirror field control subsystem 4 may employ an SCS system. The heliostat assembly 1 can be operated correspondingly by the mirror field control subsystem 4, such as manual rotation, pitching, alarm resetting and the like. The SCS system also controls some or all of the sets of heliostat assemblies 1 based on other parameters such as wind speed.
The invention also provides a control method of the tower heliostat, which comprises the following steps:
before starting, the mirror field, the heat absorber and the mirror field control subsystem are linked through a fault protection mechanism; testing the fault protection mechanism;
checking whether each device of the system is in a normal state, checking whether each heliostat assembly is normal, and checking whether each heliostat assembly is in a remote control state;
the mirror field of the system selects a preheating waiting mode, and the heat absorber selects a starting mode;
the system mirror field enters a preheating mode: preheating a heat absorber to 300-330 ℃;
checking the heating temperature of the heat absorber through an infrared thermometer, performing salt filling on the heat absorber, and after the heating and salt filling are finished, enabling the heat absorber to enter a circulation mode;
checking whether the heat absorber works normally or not, and whether a pipe is blocked or not;
the system checks whether the work is normal, if so, the system is switched to a normal production mode;
when the heliostat component focuses sunlight to the heat absorber, the mirror field control subsystem acquires various parameters, automatically controls the operation of the heliostat component and controls the temperature of molten salt within a preset temperature threshold range;
controlling the heliostat to operate according to a preset production mode;
and in the evening, the mirror field is switched to a night mode, the heat absorber is switched to a shutdown mode, and the work of one day is finished.
The control system and the method for the tower-type heliostat provided by the invention can automatically adjust the control and sun tracking of the heliostat, and ensure that the heliostat can always focus solar radiation on a solar heat absorber on a light tower through proper adjustment because the position and the height of the sun change in real time.
The tower-type heliostat control system and method optimize the logic of automatic direction adjustment of the heliostats, and can quickly prepare each heliostat in advance, so that the starting time of the heliostats is shortened, and the preheating time of a light tower is reduced.
The tower-type heliostat control system and method optimize the overall control of the heliostat factory, realize the unified control of the heliostats, start the heliostat factory by one key, optimize the adjustment flexibility of the heliostat factory, and accelerate the set starting preparation work.
The tower heliostat control system and method realize automatic, rapid and accurate sun tracking, shorten the preheating time of the light tower, thereby improving the generating capacity and the economic benefit of the power station, and simultaneously providing a solving path and a solving method for effectively improving the starting speed and the economic benefit of the same type of power stations.
The tower-type heliostat control system and the method have the advantages that automatic sun tracking control is realized, the angle of manual intervention of heliostats is reduced, and the flexibility and the automation degree of adjustment of a unit are higher.
The tower heliostat control system and the method realize integral regional control of a heliostat factory, and the directions of all the regions are different, so that the heliostat is controlled by the regions to be adjusted more optimally, and is more stable and convenient to control.
The tower-type heliostat control system and the method are used as photo-thermal, energy conservation and emission reduction are realized, solar energy is directly utilized for water heating, coal or natural gas is not needed to be combusted, polluted waste gas is generated, nuclear waste materials are not generated like nuclear power, and the system and the method are very environment-friendly. In the aspect of economic benefit, because the photothermal power station basically does not need to consume resources, and does not need to transport coal or natural gas, only a certain amount of capital can be spent on an initial stage mirror field and a light tower, and the equipment maintenance and the periodic cleaning of a mirror plant are carried out in a later stage, but the consumed capital can be obviously separated from the conventional thermal power as long as the power generation unit with the same size consumes 400 ten thousand tons of coal almost a year, the price of one ton of coal is 1000 yuan, the coal saved in one year is converted into 3 hundred million yuan,
the previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A tower heliostat control system, comprising: the system comprises a plurality of heliostat assemblies, heliostat local control devices, heat absorbers and a heliostat field control subsystem;
the heliostat assemblies are respectively arranged at preset positions of the heliostat field, rotate in the horizontal direction and the pitching direction and track the sun;
the position of the heat absorber is matched with the position of the heliostat component, the heliostat component is controlled to operate by the mirror field control subsystem or the heliostat local control device through a hydraulic transmission device, the position values of the elevation angle and the azimuth angle in the tracking process of the heliostat component are compared according to the relative position between the mirror and the heat absorber and the elevation angle and the azimuth angle of the sun moving in the longitude and latitude directions respectively according to a set latitude function X (t) and a set longitude function Y (t), the heliostat component is controlled to track the sun, and meanwhile, light spots are reflected to the heat absorber.
2. The tower heliostat control system of claim 1,
the heliostat local control device and the heliostat field control subsystem are respectively used for calculating a solar altitude angle, and the level is 0 degree angle and calculated by a formula:
the sun azimuth to the true south is 0 degree angle, is two by the formula and calculates:
wherein:
h: solar altitude;
a: the solar azimuth angle;
δ: the solar declination angle is calculated by a formula three;
δ＝23.45×sin(360×(284+n)/365) ⑶
n is the product day, the number of days in the year, the number of days from 1 month and 1 day to the day to be calculated, namely the sequence number of the day to be calculated in the current year;
tau is a sun hour angle, has a time relation of 15 degrees/h, and is calculated by a formula fourth;
τ＝15×(ST-12) ⑷
ST is true sun, and is measured in 24 hours, so it is negative in the morning and positive in the afternoon.
3. The tower heliostat control system of claim 2,
the mirror field control subsystem is further operable to define: the tower height is Z, the mirror center line height is T1, the length from the tower to the heliostat assembly is X, and the width distance from the tower to the heliostat assembly is Y;
the elevation angle H1 of the normal line of the heliostat assembly is calculated by the formula;
Tan(Hl)＝(Z-Tl)/X ⑸
calculating an azimuth angle Al of the normal of the heliostat assembly according to the formula;
Tan(Al)＝Y/X ⑹
since the angle of reflection is on the other side of the normal, then:
actual latitude function of mirror: x (t) ═ h + Hl)/2-way
Actual longitude function of mirror: y (t) ═ a + Al)/2.
4. The tower heliostat control system of claim 1,
the mirror field control subsystem comprises a plurality of PLC cabinet control modules, a server cabinet and a monitoring station;
a PLC control module and an optical fiber transceiver are installed in the PLC cabinet, and two servers and an exchanger which are redundant with each other are installed in the server cabinet; the monitoring station is provided with a monitoring host;
the four quadrant areas of the mirror field are respectively provided with a meteorological station, and the north and south directions of the center of the mirror field are respectively provided with a meteorological station;
a weather station acquires weather data; the meteorological data includes: heat, solar intensity, solar azimuth and elevation, wind speed, temperature and humidity, barometric pressure, rainfall and visibility.
5. The tower heliostat control system of claim 4,
two layers of calibration areas are arranged at the middle upper part of the light tower;
light spots reflected by the heliostat assemblies are projected to the preset position of the calibration area and then shot in real time by the camera, and the light spots reflected by the heliostat assemblies are projected to the whole process of the preset position of the calibration area and transmitted to the mirror field control subsystem in real time for calibration after image processing.
6. The tower heliostat control system of claim 5,
the circumference of the light tower is provided with eight local cabinets and eight cameras at intervals of 45 degrees, and a camera system control cabinet is arranged between the electrons;
each screen of the heat absorber is provided with ten warm thermocouples, and each quadrant is provided with an infrared thermometer for sensing the temperature of the metal wall of the heat absorber;
the mirror field control subsystem is provided with a GPS clock module, realizes the time check of the GPS clock module through the NTP network,
time data is configured for all devices in the system.
7. The tower heliostat control system of claim 1,
the heliostat field control subsystem controls the moving position of the heliostat component by using the geocentric coordinates as the position state of the heliostat component; the north latitude in the geocentric coordinates is set as positive, and the west longitude is set as positive.
8. The tower heliostat control system of claim 1,
the heliostat assembly is provided with a hydraulic transmission device and a base, and the base is fixedly connected with the ground;
the base is connected with a control mechanism box, the control mechanism box is connected with an upright post, the upper end of the upright post is connected with a pitching transmission device, and the pitching transmission device is connected with a horizontal support rod;
a heliostat is arranged on the horizontal supporting rod;
the controller and the communication module are arranged in the control mechanism box;
the controller is respectively connected with the heliostat local control device and the heliostat field control subsystem through the communication module, receives a control instruction and executes the control instruction;
the controller adjusts the pitching angle of the heliostat and adjusts the rotation angle of the heliostat by controlling the operation of the hydraulic transmission device.
9. The tower heliostat control system of claim 1,
the hydraulic transmission device includes: the oil tank, oil pump, hydro-cylinder, direction control solenoid valve, electromagnetism stop valve and energy storage ware return circuit.
10. A method for controlling a tower heliostat, the method comprising:
before starting, the mirror field, the heat absorber and the mirror field control subsystem are linked through a fault protection mechanism; testing the fault protection mechanism;
checking whether each device of the system is in a normal state, checking whether each heliostat assembly is normal, and checking whether each heliostat assembly is in a remote control state;
the mirror field of the system selects a preheating waiting mode, and the heat absorber selects a starting mode;
the system mirror field enters a preheating mode: preheating a heat absorber to 300-330 ℃;
checking the heating temperature of the heat absorber through an infrared thermometer, performing salt filling on the heat absorber, and after the heating and salt filling are finished, enabling the heat absorber to enter a circulation mode;
checking whether the heat absorber works normally or not, and whether a pipe is blocked or not;
the system checks whether the work is normal, if so, the system is switched to a normal production mode;
when the heliostat component focuses sunlight to the heat absorber, the mirror field control subsystem acquires various parameters, automatically controls the operation of the heliostat component and controls the temperature of molten salt within a preset temperature threshold range;
controlling the heliostat to operate according to a preset production mode;
and in the evening, the mirror field is switched to a night mode, the heat absorber is switched to a shutdown mode, and the work of one day is finished.
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