CN102917671A - 具有旋转支承插入件的半约束型踝假体 - Google Patents

具有旋转支承插入件的半约束型踝假体 Download PDF

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CN102917671A
CN102917671A CN2011800265651A CN201180026565A CN102917671A CN 102917671 A CN102917671 A CN 102917671A CN 2011800265651 A CN2011800265651 A CN 2011800265651A CN 201180026565 A CN201180026565 A CN 201180026565A CN 102917671 A CN102917671 A CN 102917671A
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tibial component
support insert
semi
pedestal
astragalus
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CN102917671B (zh
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J.F.龙
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DePuy Products Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/42Joints for wrists or ankles; for hands, e.g. fingers; for feet, e.g. toes
    • A61F2/4202Joints for wrists or ankles; for hands, e.g. fingers; for feet, e.g. toes for ankles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30316The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30331Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
    • A61F2002/30354Cylindrically-shaped protrusion and recess, e.g. cylinder of circular basis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
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    • A61F2002/30329Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30331Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
    • A61F2002/30362Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit with possibility of relative movement between the protrusion and the recess
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30331Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
    • A61F2002/30362Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit with possibility of relative movement between the protrusion and the recess
    • A61F2002/30364Rotation about the common longitudinal axis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2002/30329Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30383Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by laterally inserting a protrusion, e.g. a rib into a complementarily-shaped groove
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30476Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30476Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism
    • A61F2002/305Snap connection
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/42Joints for wrists or ankles; for hands, e.g. fingers; for feet, e.g. toes
    • A61F2/4202Joints for wrists or ankles; for hands, e.g. fingers; for feet, e.g. toes for ankles
    • A61F2002/4205Tibial components
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0025Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0025Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2220/0033Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementary-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及具有旋转支承插入件的半约束型踝假体(10),包括:胫骨部件(12),所述胫骨部件被构造成连接到胫骨的远端的外科准备表面;以及锁定到胫骨部件的支承插入件(16)。支承插入件能够相对于胫骨部件旋转并且具有在其下表面(52)中形成的关节面(26)。

Description

具有旋转支承插入件的半约束型踝假体
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及可植入的整形外科假体,更具体地讲本发明涉及可植入的踝假体。
背景技术
在患者的一生中,由于例如疾病或创伤的原因,可能需要对患者进行关节置换手术。关节置换手术可能涉及假体的使用,假体被植入患者的一块或多块骨骼内。在踝置换手术的情况下,胫骨部件被植入患者的胫骨中,距骨部件被植入患者的距骨中。聚合物支承插入件被定位在胫骨部件和距骨部件之间。距骨部件的关节面抵靠支承插入件的关节面。
根椐患者软组织的情况,可植入无约束型踝假体或半约束型踝假体。例如,如果患者的踝韧带相对而言未受损,就可以使用无约束型踝假体。无约束型踝假体具有两个关节界面,从而产生期望的自由度。一个关节界面处于胫骨部件和支承插入件之间,另一个关节界面处于支承插入件和距骨部件之间。在没有足够的软组织的情况下,则使用半约束型踝假体。此类植入物包括仅仅一个关节界面—支承插入件和距骨部件之间的界面。与无约束型植入物不同,聚合物支承插入件相对于半约束型踝假体中的胫骨部件锁定就位。
发明内容
根据一个方面,半约束型踝假体包括距骨部件,所述距骨部件被构造成连接到距骨的近端的外科准备表面。距骨部件具有关节面。踝假体还包括胫骨部件,所述胫骨部件被构造成连接到胫骨的远端的外科准备表面。胫骨部件包括平台,所述平台中形成有凹部。支承插入件包括基部,所述基部具有在其下表面中形成的关节面。支承插入件的关节面被构造成与距骨部件的关节面关节接合。支承插入件还具有从基部的上表面向上延伸的基座。基座被定位在胫骨部件的凹部中,以便将支承插入件锁定到基部并且允许支承插入件相对于基部旋转。
胫骨部件的平台包括限定凹部的环形侧壁。环形侧壁中可形成有底切。支承插入件的基座可包括定位在底切中的保持凸缘。支承插入件的基座还可包括定位在底切中的锁定突出部。
保持凸缘可位于基座的后侧上,其中锁定突出部位于基座的前侧上。
前侧壁从平台的上表面延伸到平台的下表面。前侧壁中可形成有通到凹部中的开口。支承插入件的锁定突出部比在平台的前侧壁中形成的开口宽。
胫骨部件的平台包括:下表面,所述下表面被定位成与支承插入件的上表面接触;以及底部表面,所述底部表面与所述下表面平行并且向上间隔开。底部表面限定凹部的底部。下表面和底部表面均可被实施为抛光的金属表面。
根据另一个方面,半约束型踝假体包括胫骨部件和聚合物的支承插入件,所述胫骨部件被构造成连接到胫骨的远端的外科准备表面。支承插入件具有在其下表面中形成的关节面。支承插入件被锁定到胫骨部件并且能够相对于胫骨部件旋转。
踝假体还可包括距骨部件,所述距骨部件被构造成连接到距骨的近端的外科准备表面。距骨部件具有关节面,所述关节面被构造成与胫骨部件的关节面关节接合。
胫骨部件可包括限定凹部的环形侧壁,支承插入件具有定位在凹部中的向上延伸的基座。
环形侧壁中可形成有底切,基座具有定位在底切中的保持凸缘。基座还可包括定位在底切中的锁定突出部。
保持凸缘可位于基座的后侧上,锁定突出部位于基座的前侧上。
前侧壁从胫骨部件的上表面延伸到平台的下表面。前侧壁中可形成有通到凹部中的开口。支承插入件的锁定突出部比在平台的前侧壁中形成的开口宽。
胫骨部件可包括定位成与支承插入件的上表面接触的抛光的金属下表面。
根据另一个方面,半约束型踝假体包括胫骨部件和支承插入件,所述胫骨部件被构造成连接到胫骨的远端的外科准备表面,支承插入件被卡扣锁定到胫骨部件。支承插入件能够相对于胫骨部件旋转并且具有在其下表面中形成的关节面。
踝假体还可包括距骨部件,所述距骨部件被构造成连接到距骨的近端的外科准备表面。距骨部件具有关节面,所述关节面被构造成与胫骨部件的关节面关节接合。
胫骨部件可为金属的,支承插入件为聚合物的。
胫骨部件可包括限定凹部的环形侧壁,支承插入件具有向上延伸的基座,所述基座被定位在凹部中。
环形侧壁中可形成有底切,基座具有定位在底切中的保持凸缘。基座还可包括定位在底切中的锁定突出部。
保持凸缘可位于基座的后侧上,锁定突出部位于基座的前侧上。
前侧壁从胫骨部件的上表面延伸到平台的下表面。前侧壁中可形成有通到凹部中的开口。支承插入件的锁定突出部比在平台的前侧壁中形成的开口宽。
胫骨部件可包括定位成与支承插入件的上表面接触的抛光的金属下表面。
附图说明
特别参照以下附图进行详细说明,其中:
图1为示出了植入患者的踝中的半约束型旋转踝假体的图解视图;
图2为图1的半约束型旋转踝假体的胫骨部件的透视图;
图3为图2的胫骨部件的下平面图;
图4为沿图2的线4-4截取的沿箭头方向观察的胫骨部件的横截面图;
图5为图1的半约束型旋转踝假体的支承插入件的透视图;
图6为图5的支承插入件的上平面图;
图7为沿图5的线7-7截取的沿箭头方向观察的支承插入件的横截面图;
图8为示出了被卡扣锁定到胫骨部件中的支承插入件的透视图;
图9为示出了被锁定到胫骨部件的支承插入件的前视图;
图10为示出了支承插入件相对于胫骨部件旋转的下视图;
图11为示出了距骨部件未与支承插入件和胫骨部件对准的透视图;以及
图12为示出了支承插入件已被旋转以调节未对准的距骨部件的透视图。
具体实施方式
虽然本公开的概念易于具有各种修改形式和替代形式,但本发明的具体示例性实施例已在附图中以举例的方式示出,并且将在本文中详细说明。然而应当理解,本文无意将本发明的概念限制为所公开的具体形式,而是相反,其目的在于涵盖所附权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围内的所有修改形式、等同形式和替代形式。
在本公开中有关本文所述的整形植入物和患者的自然解剖部分使用了表示解剖学参考的术语,例如前侧、后侧、内侧、外侧、上、下等。这些术语在解剖学和整形外科领域都具有公知的含义。除非另外指明,否则说明书和权利要求中使用的此类解剖参考术语旨在符合其公知的含义。
现在参考图1-7,其示出了半约束型踝假体10。踝假体10包括胫骨部件12、距骨部件14和支承插入件16。胫骨部件12被构造成植入患者的胫骨18的远端的外科准备表面中,而距骨部件14被构造成植入患者的距骨20的近端的外科准备表面中。这样,踝假体10能够以模拟自然踝的方式进行屈曲、延伸和旋转。
胫骨部件12包括平台22,该平台具有固定构件,例如中肋24,其向上延伸远离平台的上表面26。中肋24被构造成植入狭槽(未示出)中,该狭槽形成于患者的胫骨18的外科准备远端中。应当理解,其它固定构件,例如一个或多个翅片、杆、栓或柱,可以用来代替中肋24。
支承插入件16被锁定到胫骨部件12。本文中术语“锁定”的意思是,支承插入件以如下方式扣紧到胫骨部件,即抵抗在前/后、内/外和上/下方向上支承插入件相对于胫骨部件的线性运动。例如,当支承插入件“锁定”到胫骨部件时,在外科医生或其它使用者没有进行操纵的情况下,防止支承插入件升起或以其它方式从胫骨部件松开。在本文所述的示例性实施例中,支承插入件16被卡扣锁定到胫骨部件16。术语“卡扣配合”是指当支承插入件被推入胫骨部件中时,支承插入件自动地扣紧到胫骨部件。例如,如以下将更详细地讨论地,支承插入件16包括锁定突出部,该锁定突出部卡扣到在胫骨部件12中形成的底切中,从而将插入件16锁定到胫骨部件12。
如图1所示,支承插入件16包括凹形关节面26,该凹形关节面被构造成与距骨部件14的凸形关节面28关节接合。具体地讲,支承插入件16的关节面26被构造成当胫骨部件12被植入患者的胫骨18的外科准备远端中时模拟患者的自然胫骨关节面的构造,而当距骨部件14被植入患者的距骨20的外科准备近端中时距骨部件14的关节面28模拟患者的自然距骨关节面。因此,距骨部件14的关节面28和支承插入件16的关节面26之间的关节接合模拟患者的自然踝的关节接合。
如图2-4所示,平台22具有从其下表面32向上延伸的环形侧壁30。如以下将更详细地讨论,环形侧壁30限定凹部34,支承插入件的基座被接纳在该凹部中。凹部34为由底部表面36向上限定的盲凹部。底部表面36与胫骨部件的平台22的下表面32平行并且与该下表面向上间隔开。胫骨部件的平台22的环形侧壁30中形成有底切38。从图3中的虚线可以看到,底切38围绕凹部34的周边延伸。环形唇缘40限定底切36的下表面,而凹部34的底部表面36限定其上表面。
外侧壁42从胫骨部件的平台22的下表面32向下延伸。从图9中可以看到,支承插入件16被嵌套在侧壁42中。侧壁42包括与支承插入件16的外表面贴合的内表面。这样,在支承插入件16相对于胫骨部件12旋转期间,胫骨部件的侧壁42的内表面用作引导件。
在本文所述的示例性实施例中,胫骨部件12的凹部34没有闭合,而是沿着其前侧的一部分敞开。具体地讲,从图2和9中可以看到,胫骨部件的平台22具有前侧壁44,所述前侧壁从其上表面26延伸到其下表面32。在前侧壁44中形成有开口例如狭槽46。从图3中可以看到,狭槽46通到平台的凹部34中。也就是说,狭槽46通向前侧壁44的外表面和凹部34的环形侧壁30两者。如以下将更详细地讨论,狭槽46允许触及支承插入件16的锁定机构,以使得支承插入件16被解锁,并且之后由外科医生或其它使用者从胫骨部件12移除。
前侧壁44中还形成有六边形孔48(见图2)。外科医生可将外科器械(未示出)的六边形末端定位在六边形孔48中,以有利于胫骨部件12的植入。一旦被植入,该器械就从孔48移除。从图11和12中可以看到,距骨部件14具有类似的六边形孔,以有利于距骨部件14以类似的方式植入。
如图5-7所示,支承插入件16的凹形关节面26被限定在其基部50的下表面52中。基座54向上延伸远离基部50的上表面56。从图6中可以最佳地看到,基座54的上端部具有保持凸缘58,该保持凸缘向后延伸远离基座54的中心。保持凸缘58为大致弓形的并且沿着基座54的后侧的一部分延伸。与保持凸缘54相对,基座54在其前侧上具有锁定突出部60。锁定突出部60悬置于基部50的上表面56。因此,在基座54插入胫骨部件12的凹部34中期间,锁定突出部60可以偏转或以其它方式从图6和7所示的位置向后被推压。
基座54的保持凸缘58和锁定突出部60有利于将支承插入件16锁定到胫骨部件12。具体地讲,如图8所示,基座54的后端部可朝向胫骨部件的凹部30的后侧部分倾斜,使得保持凸缘58朝向底切38前进。一旦保持凸缘58被定位在由底切38形成的环形唇缘40下方,基座54的前侧就可朝向胫骨部件的凹部30的前侧部分(即沿着图8的虚线所示的路径)向上运动。锁定突出部60的远端62中限定有倾斜表面64。倾斜表面64用作凸轮表面,该凸轮表面使得锁定突出部60的远端62在其与胫骨部件的平台22的下表面32接合时被向后推压。一旦倾斜表面64的前边缘66越过胫骨部件的平台22的下表面32,锁定突出部60就卡扣或以其它方式向前运动,使得其远端62的下边缘68通过底切的环形唇缘40被捕集在底切38中。
一旦支承插入件16已经以这样的方式被锁定到胫骨部件12,那么其就被约束而不能够相对于胫骨部件12进行线性运动。具体地讲,基座54的尺寸和构造紧密地贴合胫骨部件的平台22的环形侧壁30的尺寸和构造,使得支承插入件16相对于胫骨部件12在前/后、内/外或上/下方向上的线性运动被阻止。然而,如图10所示,支承插入件16能够相对于胫骨部件12旋转。具体地讲,保持凸缘58和锁定突出部60的远端62能够沿着胫骨部件的平台22的环形侧壁30(即在底切38内)自由地运动,从而允许基座(并且由此支承插入件16)相对于胫骨部件12自由地旋转。
支承插入件16相对于胫骨部件12的这种旋转允许踝假体10更加接近地模拟自然踝相对于其它半约束型踝假体的运动学。具体地讲,除了延伸和屈曲之外,踝假体10允许相对于其它半约束型踝假体的倒置和翻转运动的延伸范围。
此外,如图11和12所示,支承插入件16相对于胫骨部件12的旋转可有利于减小踝假体的关节部件相对于其它半约束型踝假体未对准的临床意义—即聚合物磨损、部件冲击和冷变形。具体地讲,支承插入件16相对于胫骨部件12的旋转使得即使在没有最佳植入物定位的情况下也保持支承插入件16和距骨部件14之间的半径相同。
如上所述,保持凸缘58和锁定突出部60防止支承插入件16非期望地迁移远离胫骨部件12(例如防止支承插入件16从胫骨部件12升起)。从图8和9中可以最佳地看到,锁定突出部60比在胫骨部件12的前侧壁44中形成的狭槽46宽。因此,防止锁定突出部60通过狭槽46移出底切38。由此,在支承插入件16整个旋转期间,锁定突出部60被保持在底切38中。
然而,外科医生或其它使用者可选择性地接合锁定突出部60,以解锁支承插入件16,并且之后将该支承插入件从胫骨部件12移除。具体地讲,外科医生可使细长外科器械等(未示出)的末端前进通过在胫骨部件12的前侧壁44中形成的狭槽46,以接合支承插入件16的锁定突出部60。然后,外科医生可向后推锁定突出部60,使得锁定突出部的倾斜表面64的前边缘66越过胫骨部件的平台22的下表面32,从而允许支承插入件的基座54的前侧向下运动。之后,支承插入件16可被向前推压,使得保持凸缘58从胫骨部件的底切38移除,从而将支承插入件16从胫骨部件12释放。
踝假体10的与自然骨骼接合的部件(例如胫骨部件12和距骨部件14)可由生物相容性金属(例如钴铬合金)构成,但也可采用其它材料,例如陶瓷。这些部件的骨接合表面可被纹理化,以有利于将部件粘合到骨骼。此类表面也可具有多孔涂层,以促进骨骼内生,从而永久固定。此外,胫骨部件12的与支承插入件16接触的金属表面可被抛光。例如,胫骨部件12的下表面32和底部表面36分别接触支承插入件16的基座54的上表面56和最上侧表面。胫骨部件12的这些金属表面中的两个均可被抛光,以有利于支承插入件16相对于胫骨部件12的旋转。
支承插入件16可由使得支承插入件16和距骨部件14之间平滑地铰接连接的材料(例如聚合物材料)构成。一种这样的聚合物材料为聚乙烯,例如超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE),但是也可使用许多其它类型的生物相容性聚合物。
应当理解,本文所述的锁定机构实质上是示例性的,并且锁定机构的其它构造可用来满足踝假体的给定设计的需要。例如,卡扣锁定机构的其它实施例可以代替突出部60用来将支承插入件锁定到胫骨部件。此类可供选择的实施例可包括位于不同位置或者具有不同几何结构的单个锁定突出部,或者这些实施例可包括多个锁定突出部。此外,基座和凹部的位置可以反向,基座从胫骨部件向下延伸,该胫骨部件被接纳到在支承插入件中形成的凹部中。除锁定突出部60及其相关部件之外,这样的反向设计同样可包括不同的锁定机构实施例。
尽管附图和上述说明中已对本公开进行了详细的图示和描述,但此类图示和描述应视为示例性的,而不是限制性的,应当理解的是,仅示出和描述了示例性的实施例,并且本发明精神范围内的所有改变和修改形式都应受到保护。
本文所述装置、系统和方法的多个特征使本发明具有多个优点。应当注意的是,本发明的装置、系统和方法的替代实施例可以不包括所述的所有特征,但仍然可以受益于这些特征的至少一些优点。本领域的普通技术人员可以轻松设计出自己的装置、系统和方法的具体实施方式,该具体实施方式可包含本发明的一个或多个特征,并且落在由权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围内。

Claims (21)

1.一种半约束型踝假体,包括:
距骨部件,所述距骨部件被构造成连接到距骨的近端的外科准备表面,所述距骨部件具有关节面,
胫骨部件,所述胫骨部件被构造成连接到胫骨的远端的外科准备表面,所述胫骨部件包括平台,所述平台中形成有凹部,以及
支承插入件,所述支承插入件包括:(i)基部,所述基部具有在其下表面中形成的关节面,所述支承插入件的关节面被构造成与所述距骨部件的关节面关节接合;以及(ii)基座,所述基座从所述基部的上表面向上延伸,所述基座被定位在所述胫骨部件的凹部中,以便将所述支承插入件锁定到所述基部并且允许所述支承插入件相对于所述基部旋转。
2.根据权利要求1所述的半约束型踝假体,其中:
所述胫骨部件的平台包括限定所述凹部的环形侧壁,
所述环形侧壁中形成有底切,并且
所述支承插入件的基座包括定位在所述底切中的保持凸缘。
3.根据权利要求2所述的半约束型踝假体,其中所述支承插入件的基座还包括定位在所述底切中的锁定突出部。
4.根据权利要求3所述的半约束型踝假体,其中所述保持凸缘位于所述基座的后侧上,并且所述锁定突出部位于所述基座的前侧上。
5.根据权利要求3所述的半约束型踝假体,其中:
前侧壁从所述平台的上表面延伸到所述平台的下表面,
所述前侧壁中形成有通到所述凹部中的开口,并且
所述支承插入件的锁定突出部比在平台的前侧壁中形成的开口宽。
6.根据权利要求1所述的半约束型踝假体,其中:
所述胫骨部件的平台包括:(i)下表面,所述下表面被定位成与所述支承插入件的上表面接触;以及(ii)底部表面,所述底部表面与所述下表面平行并且向上间隔开,所述底部表面限定所述凹部的底部,并且
所述下表面和底部表面均包括抛光的金属表面。
7.一种半约束型踝假体,包括:
胫骨部件,所述胫骨部件被构造成连接到胫骨的远端的外科准备表面,以及
聚合物的支承插入件,所述支承插入件具有在其下表面中形成的关节面,所述支承插入件被锁定到所述胫骨部件并且能够相对于所述胫骨部件旋转。
8.根据权利要求7所述的半约束型踝假体,还包括距骨部件,所述距骨部件被构造成连接到距骨的近端的外科准备表面,所述距骨部件具有被构造成与所述胫骨部件的关节面关节接合的关节面。
9.根据权利要求7所述的半约束型踝假体,其中:
所述胫骨部件包括限定凹部的环形侧壁,并且
所述支承插入件包括向上延伸的基座,所述基座被定位在所述凹部中。
10.根据权利要求9所述的半约束型踝假体,其中:
所述环形侧壁中形成有底切,并且
所述基座具有定位在所述底切中的保持凸缘。
11.根据权利要求10所述的半约束型踝假体,其中所述基座具有定位在所述底切中的锁定突出部。
12.根据权利要求11所述的半约束型踝假体,其中所述保持凸缘位于所述基座的后侧上,并且所述锁定突出部位于所述基座的前侧上。
13.根据权利要求11所述的半约束型踝假体,其中:
前侧壁从所述胫骨部件的上表面延伸到所述胫骨部件的下表面,
所述前侧壁中形成有通到所述凹部中的开口,并且
所述支承插入件的锁定突出部比在平台的前侧壁中形成的开口宽。
14.根据权利要求7所述的半约束型踝假体,其中所述胫骨部件包括抛光的金属下表面,所述抛光的金属下表面被定位成与所述支承插入件的上表面接触。
15.一种半约束型踝假体,包括:
胫骨部件,所述胫骨部件被构造成连接到胫骨的远端的外科准备表面,以及
支承插入件,所述支承插入件被卡扣锁定到所述胫骨部件,所述支承插入件能够相对于所述胫骨部件旋转并且具有在其下表面中形成的关节面。
16.根据权利要求15所述的半约束型踝假体,还包括距骨部件,所述距骨部件被构造成连接到距骨的近端的外科准备表面,所述距骨部件具有被构造成与所述胫骨部件的关节面关节接合的关节面。
17.根据权利要求15所述的半约束型踝假体,其中:
所述胫骨部件为金属的,并且
所述支承插入件为聚合物的。
18.根据权利要求15所述的半约束型踝假体,其中:
所述胫骨部件包括限定凹部的环形侧壁,并且
所述支承插入件包括向上延伸的基座,所述基座被定位在所述凹部中。
19.根据权利要求18所述的半约束型踝假体,其中:
所述环形侧壁中形成有底切,并且
所述基座具有定位在所述底切中的锁定突出部。
20.根据权利要求19所述的半约束型踝假体,其中:
前侧壁从所述胫骨部件的上表面延伸到所述胫骨部件的下表面,
所述前侧壁中形成有通到所述凹部中的开口,并且
所述支承插入件的锁定突出部比在平台的前侧壁中形成的开口宽。
21.根据权利要求15所述的半约束型踝假体,其中所述胫骨部件包括抛光的金属下表面,所述抛光的金属下表面被定位成与所述支承插入件的上表面接触。
CN201180026565.1A 2010-05-28 2011-05-26 具有旋转支承插入件的半约束型踝假体 Active CN102917671B (zh)

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AU2011258292A1 (en) 2013-01-10
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