CN102905539B - 包含肉桂的组合物 - Google Patents
包含肉桂的组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102905539B CN102905539B CN201180026546.9A CN201180026546A CN102905539B CN 102905539 B CN102905539 B CN 102905539B CN 201180026546 A CN201180026546 A CN 201180026546A CN 102905539 B CN102905539 B CN 102905539B
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- cassia tree
- chinese cassia
- fiber
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明具有提供包含肉桂的酱状组合物的目的,所述组合物具有优异的感官性质并且在储存时是微生物学安全的和稳定的,并且快速地传递诱人的香味。该目的是通过包含肉桂、植物油、不可溶纤维的且为酸性的酱状水连续的肉桂组合物来实现的。还提供了用于制备所述组合物的方法。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及肉桂组合物,其为酱状的和水连续的。此外,本发明涉及用于制备这样的酱状肉桂组合物的方法。
发明背景
肉桂是熟知调味品,其广泛用于多种菜肴。肉桂能够用于甜的菜肴,例如苹果派,也能用于咸的菜肴,例如用于印度厨房中。在职业厨房(餐馆、食堂、医院等)中,当顾客点热菜时,与没有太多炖煮的菜肴的灵活性相比,在灵活准备热菜方面总是存在挑战并因此损失鲜度和香味。
干肉桂通常用于许多菜肴,然而,香味的产生通常不如通常需要的那样显著或快速。在职业厨房中,厨师通常用调味品完成菜肴以给消费者提供吸引人的且气味和口味都非常诱人的菜肴。在这样的情况下,调味品需要快速地提供好的味道,并且应当通过散布吸引人的香味吸引来自厨师的注意力并且更重要地是吸引来自消费者的注意力。此外,因为厨师在厨房中通常非常繁忙,他/她没有太多时间来腌制(marinate)或预先准备菜肴以便产生好的味道。因此,能够快速呈现其香味而不需要长的准备时间的调味品是有利的。此外,调味品也用于腌制蔬菜和/或肉,并且含调味品的组合物应当能够给菜肴提供好的且吸引人的香味。
目前,消费者喜爱具有低脂肪含量以及新鲜和天然外观的产品。防腐剂应该为天然的并且食物产品的标签应当不包含人工化合物,因为消费者讨厌这些。另一方面,某些类型的保存是需要的,因为调味品在收获后可能是非常脏的,这是指它们通常具有高的微生物负载。因此,组合物应当具有良好的微生物学稳定性,并且因此在使用和消费时应当是安全的。
非预先公开的专利申请PCT/EP2009/064820公开了包含酱状药草的组合物,或包含不可溶纤维和植物油的蔬菜或调味品。
US 2004/0081741 A1公开了果浆,其包含植物油和可以为柑橘属纤维的增稠剂。该纤维也可以作为成分包含在果泥中。
JP 2008-306989 A公开了用于咖喱食品的包含调味品的糊状食物,并且其可以包含肉桂。
WO 2009/102845 A2公开了用于饼干的含柑橘属纤维、肉桂和鱼油的生面团。
US 2009/0202700 A1公开了含水果的零食,如薯条,其中当在高温下烘焙该零食时该水果释放香味。用于该零食的配方可以包含肉桂。
US 5,690,981公开了由食物纤维制备的水凝胶,并且其能够用于食物产品以代替碳水化合物或蛋白质或油以便减少产品的热量负荷。
发明概述
不管现有技术公开的组合物,需要具有优异味道的、长贮存期限并且不包含非天然防腐剂的包含肉桂的组合物。
我们现在确定了包含肉桂、植物油和不可溶纤维的水连续(water continuous)组合物能够被制备并且能够用于给用这样的组合物增味的和/或调味的和/或腌制的菜肴提供优异的味道性质。这导致在含肉桂的水连续的酱状组合物中的显著的好味道和香味特征,所述组合物为环境稳定的并且能够甚至在打开包装后在环境温度保持延长的时间周期。该组合物在添加后几乎立即在最终菜肴中呈现其香味和味道,并且其不是太浓的或重的从而不具有服用过量的高风险,由此影响烹饪的菜肴。此外,其不需要可以被消费者认为是人造或非天然的防腐剂(例如山梨酸酯)和具有e编号(e-number)的其它化合物。可以通过其中混合操作的温度不超过50℃,优选不超过40℃的方法获得调味品组合物。这具有香味不在加热步骤中消失的优势。
因此,在第一方面,本发明提供了包含肉桂的组合物,其中所述组合物为水连续的、酱状组合物;其中肉桂的浓度为0.4-20重量%;并且其中所述组合物包含0.5-10重量%的不可溶纤维,其中所述不可溶纤维包含柑橘属纤维或小麦纤维,和1-40重量%的植物油,并且pH为2-4。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了用于制备前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物的方法,所述方法包括下列步骤:
(i) 在高剪切混合器中混合水、食品级酸和肉桂,所述混合器还具有切碎、砍碎或磨碎功能;
(ii) 添加所有剩余成分并持续匀化;
(iii) 将所得产品填充至容器中。
具体实施方式
除非另外定义,本文所用的所有技术和科学术语都具有与本领域普通技术人员通常理解的相同的含义。
除非另外规定,所有的百分数都是指重量百分数。缩写“wt%”是指“重量%”。
除非另外规定,指出的范围包括端点,并且是技术人员理解的可在被技术人员接受的界限内变化的值。某些界限内的这些变化可以例如由测量不确定度来确定。
本发明涉及包含被认为是调味品的肉桂的组合物。该组合物还可以包含其它调味品,以及蔬菜和/或药草(herbs)。在J. de Bairacli Levy的 The Illustrated Herbal Handbook, Faber and Faber Ltd., 伦敦, 第3章中定义了药草。在The Book of Spices, Livingstone Publ. Compo 1969, p. 3.中定义了调味品。蔬菜是为可食用部分而种植的植物,所述可食用部分例如甜菜的根、菠菜的叶、或者绿花椰菜或菜花的花蕾。以植物学的角度来说,蔬菜可以为植物(例如,柿子椒)的果实体部,但也可以为植物(例如,菠菜)的叶。
在第一方面,本发明提供了包含肉桂的组合物,其中所述组合物为水连续的、酱状组合物;其中肉桂的浓度为0.4-20重量%;并且其中所述组合物包含0.5-10重量%的不可溶纤维,其中所述不可溶纤维包含柑橘属纤维或小麦纤维,和1-40重量%的植物油,并且pH为2-4。
酱状组合物被解释为不包含大块成分的糊状物,并且其中成分在其中保存组合物的容器的规模上形成平滑和均匀的糊状物。组合物的主要部分可以为酱,另外,一种或多种成分可以作为分离的块(例如作为具有高达5毫米的尺寸的块)从而是可辨认的。例如,这些可以是一些药草叶,其可以是不为酱状的,但是被砍碎为大约几毫米的尺寸。在微观上,组合物可以被认为是不均匀的,因为组合物除了肉桂以外还可以包含多种其它调味品,其可以作为离散的粉末颗粒存在。通常,成分将被磨碎或匀化,或者可以经历任何其它加工步骤以便制备酱或糊状物。
用于本发明的组合物的肉桂优选为干燥肉桂粉末,其被磨碎至优选为约0.1至约0.8毫米的尺寸。肉桂的来源优选为以下的种:锡兰肉桂(Cinnamomum verum)或玉桂(Cinnamomum cassia)或阴香(Cinnamomum burmannii)。优选地,精油含量为1-3毫升每100克,并且香豆素的范围优选不超过7克每千克。
在进一步优选的实施方案中,组合物包含0.5-15重量%的肉桂。更优选的组合物包含1-12重量%的肉桂,更优选的组合物包含2-8重量%的肉桂,并且最优选的组合物包含3-7重量%的肉桂。
本发明的组合物的第二要素是不可溶纤维的存在。词语“纤维”是指任何不可溶的颗粒状结构,其中长度和直径之间的比为5至无限。此处“不可溶”是指不溶于水。此处,直径是指横截面的最大距离。长度和直径意图表示可以通过(电子)显微镜分析、原子力显微镜或光散射确定的平均长度和直径。
不可溶纤维包含柑橘属纤维或小麦纤维。小麦纤维可以源自小麦植物的不同部分,如种子、种子壳、茎或糠。柑橘属纤维优选源自柠檬、橘子或酸柚,更具体地,它们优选源自橘子、柠檬或酸柚的果皮。组合物可以另外包含其它不可溶纤维。组合物可以包含柑橘属纤维和小麦纤维的组合。适用于本发明的不可溶纤维可以例如在柑橘属和非柑橘属二者的果实中找到。适用于本发明的不可溶纤维的其它来源为蔬菜,如豆科植物和谷物。优选的适用于本发明的不可溶纤维能够从番茄、桃、梨、苹果、李子、柠檬、酸柚、橘子、葡萄柚、马铃薯或其混合物中回收。其它适用于本发明的优选的不可溶纤维可以从豌豆、燕麦、大麦、荠菜、大豆、小麦或其混合物的种毛纤维(hull fibres)中回收。优选地,不可溶纤维另外包含碳水化合物,例如微晶纤维素和洋葱纤维。组合物还可以包含作为不可溶纤维的木质素。可以使用的其它纤维包括从植物或根衍生的那些以及从木材衍生的那些。
本发明的组合物包含0.5-10重量%的不可溶纤维。优选地,基于组合物的总重,组合物包含最大8重量%的不可溶纤维,更优选的为最大6重量%的不可溶纤维。优选地,基于组合物的总重,不可溶纤维以1-6重量%的浓度存在。基于组合物的总重,更优选的不可溶纤维的浓度为1.5-6重量%,最优选的为2-5重量%。
优选地,柑橘属纤维或小麦纤维或两种纤维的组合的浓度为0.5-10重量%。优选地,基于组合物的总重,组合物包含最大8重量%的柑橘属纤维或小麦纤维或柑橘属纤维和小麦纤维的组合,更优选的为最大6重量%的柑橘属纤维或小麦纤维或柑橘属纤维和小麦纤维的组合。优选地,基于组合物的总重,柑橘属纤维或小麦纤维或柑橘属纤维和小麦纤维的组合以1-6重量%的浓度存在。基于组合物的总重,更优选的柑橘属纤维或小麦纤维或柑橘属纤维和小麦纤维的组合的浓度为1.5-6重量%,最优选的浓度为2-5重量%。
优选地,本发明的组合物含有作为分离的纤维添加到组合物中的不可溶纤维。这是指纤维已经从天然来源分离,进行了纯化以及可能已经进行了其它操作以便在组合物中给纤维提供良好的功能性(例如关于提供组合物的良好结构和帮助香味释放)。因此,优选地,本发明的组合物包含分离的不可溶纤维。
这样的不可溶纤维是可从供应商商购的,如J. Rettenmaier und S?hne GmbH+Co.KG (Rosenberg, 德国)(名称为Vitacel)和Herbstreith & Fox(名称为Herbacel)。柑橘属纤维的优选类型为来自Herbafoods (Werder (Havel), 德国)的N型柑橘属纤维。通常地,纤维都是不可溶的。小麦纤维的优选类型为由J. Rettenmaier und S?hne GmbH+Co.KG (Rosenberg, 德国)供应的Vitacel。优选的燕麦纤维、马铃薯纤维、苹果纤维、橘子纤维、番茄纤维和微晶纤维素可在由J. Rettenmaier und S?hne GmbH+Co.KG (Rosenberg, 德国)供应的商品名Vitacel下得到。
优选地,在完成的食物产品中,不可溶纤维的平均长度为25至400微米,并且优选为约50至185微米,并且最优选地为约100至约165微米,包括其中包含的所有范围。这样的纤维的宽度通常为约3至约20微米,并且优选地为约5至约10微米。
本发明组合物的第三要素为植物油的存在。基于全部组合物的重量,本发明组合物的油含量的范围为1-40重量%。优选地,基于全部组合物的重量,组合物包含1-15重量%的植物油。在另一优选实施方案中,基于全部组合物的重量,组合物包含15-40重量%的植物油。基于全部组合物的重量,本发明组合物的其它优选油含量为1-25重量%,或者5-15重量%,或者15-35重量%,或者15-30重量%,或者15-25重量%。植物油的存在对保证食物产品的质量(例如颜色和一致性)是重要的,并且其它感觉性质也受到了积极的影响,如用调味品组合物准备菜肴时的香味释放,以及打开包含本发明组合物的容器时的香味释放。优选地,植物油选自向日葵油、高油酸的向日葵(high oleic sunflower)油、红花油、高油酸的红花油、豆油、玉米油、棉籽油、花生油、天然油的三油酸甘油酯级分(例如棕榈油三油酸甘油酯(palm oil olein))、MCT-油。优选的植物油为棕榈油、玉米油、橄榄油,及其组合。优选地,所述油在20℃呈现出小于10%的固体脂肪含量(NMR-脉冲, 不稳定(not-stab.))。
本发明的组合物的pH为2-4,优选为3-4,优选为2.5-4,优选为2.5-3.8,优选为3.2-3.8。可以使用任何适当的食品级酸调节pH,所述食品级酸优选选自柠檬酸、乙酸、乳酸、苹果酸、葡萄糖酸,及其混合物。酸的来源优选为天然的,例如醋、柠檬或酸柚汁。优选地,通过发酵过程获得酸。酸的pKa值优选为低于5,更优选低于4.8。
另外优选地,组合物包含一种或多种其它调味品,和/或一种或多种药草,和/或一种或多种蔬菜。优选的药草选自鼠尾草、迷迭香、罗勒、百里香、牛至、莳萝、欧芹、大蒜、洋葱、葱、香薄荷、媒墨角兰、龙嵩、薰衣草、芫荽、马蜂橙(kafir lime)、细叶芹、野葱(bear's garlic)、柠檬草、红胡椒/绿胡椒/黄胡椒、干辣椒、新鲜辣椒、甜菜根、姜、番茄、柠檬、八角茴香,及其称为Provencal和Italian的混合物。任选的其它调味品优选选自黑胡椒、绿胡椒、红胡椒和白胡椒、肉豆蔻、肉豆蔻干皮、咖喱、姜黄、藏红花、丁香及其混合物。其它优选的调味品为香草。优选地,本发明所用的药草为绿色药草(green herb)。有用的蔬菜的实例为洋葱、辣椒粉。
根据所用原材料,在制备方法之前生药草、调味品和/或蔬菜的尺寸优选为0.5-25 mm。例如,对于罗勒,原材料可以为0.8-5 mm,对于龙嵩,其可以为1-20 mm,并且对于其它药草或蔬菜,其它范围可以是可接受的。在与本发明组合物的其它成分混合之前或者在制备本发明组合物的时候优选将药草、调味品和/或蔬菜磨碎至精细的尺寸。在磨碎后并用于本发明的组合物时药草、调味品和/或蔬菜的平均尺寸优选为0.01-5毫米(重量平均直径),更优选为0.05-4毫米,最优选最大为3毫米。优选地,本发明的组合物具有均匀的和平滑的结构。
本发明的组合物中药草、蔬菜和/或调味品的总量优选为1-60重量%,优选为3-60重量%,优选为5-60重量%,更优选为5-40重量%,最优选为7-40重量%。尤其是对于调味品,调味品的总量优选为1-40重量%,优选为2-25重量%。
优选地,本发明的组合物基本没有非天然防腐剂。由于组合物的天然保存体系和组合物的制备方法,优选地,对于使组合物具有长贮存期限而言,不需要非天然防腐剂。在本发明的上下文中的非天然防腐剂为可以被许多消费者认为是人造的或非天然的化合物。这些的实例是在欧洲作为具有e-编号的食品添加剂资格的化合物。这些的非限制性实例为被分类为防腐剂并且具有e-编号的化合物:E200山梨酸;E202山梨酸钾;E203山梨酸钙;E210苯甲酸;E211苯甲酸钠;E212苯甲酸钾;E213苯甲酸钙;E214对羟基苯甲酸乙酯;E215对羟基苯甲酸乙酯钠;E216对羟基苯甲酸丙酯;E217对羟基苯甲酸丙酯钠;E218对羟基苯甲酸甲酯;E219对羟基苯甲酸甲酯钠;E220二氧化硫;E221亚硫酸钠;E222亚硫酸氢钠;E223焦亚硫酸钠;E224焦亚硫酸钾;E226亚硫酸钙;E227亚硫酸氢钙;E228亚硫酸氢钾;E230联苯、苯基苯(diphenyl);E231邻苯基苯酚;E232邻苯基苯酚钠;E234乳链菌肽;E235游霉素;E239六亚甲基四胺;E242二碳酸二甲酯;E249亚硝酸钾;E250亚硝酸钠;E251硝酸钠;E252硝酸钾。然而,尽管许多消费者将防腐剂认作非天然化合物,但是这些化合物可以为天然化合物。
本发明的组合物优选包含1-10%,优选为3-10%,更优选为3-9%的可食用盐。最优选的可食用盐为NaCl。通常,组合物的水含量优选为全部组合物的30-60%。优选地,组合物还包含1-10%,优选3-7%的糖。
在第二方面,本发明提供了制备前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物的方法,所述方法包括下列步骤:
(i) 在高剪切混合器中混合水、食品级酸、肉桂,所述混合器还具有切碎、砍碎或磨碎功能;
(ii) 添加所有剩余成分并持续匀化;
(iii) 将所得产品填充至容器中。
在步骤(i)中,正如从任何类型的酱或浆的制备中已知的,在还具有切碎/砍碎或磨碎功能的高剪切混合器中混合诸如醋的食品级酸、肉桂和任选一种或多种其它调味品,和/或一种或多种药草和/或一种或多种蔬菜。在步骤(ii)中,向步骤(i)的混合物中加入其它成分和任选成分并继续匀化。在步骤(iii)中,用所得产品填充容器。优选在无菌条件下应用该步骤(iii)。
若需要,油是轻微加热的,例如在添加前加热至25-30℃。可在步骤(i)中添加不可溶纤维以得到甚至改进的分散。
可以向混合物中添加作为深度冷冻的产品的任选的药草和/或蔬菜和/或调味品。通常,以冻干或干燥形式使用调味品,优选在厨房区域中通常使用的精细磨碎的产品。如果制备期间使用的温度不超过50℃,优选不超过45℃,优选不超过40℃,优选不超过30℃,则获得最好的产品质量。
可以通过任何常规高剪切混合技术进行根据该方法的混合,所述技术例如Moltomat、Unimix、立式铣刀搅拌机(vertical cutter mixer)、胶体磨,等。该设备对材料施加激活(activate)纤维的高剪切或高能量强度,并且其可以为
- 装备有转子定子型的分散器(匀浆器)的高剪切混合器,所述分散器(匀浆器)或者在一批或容器装置(set-up)的内部或者在侧流(bypath stream)中的外部循环内,或者
- 使用例如旋转刀片的切割装置,如切肉机或在酱和浆的制备中所使用的切割系统(例如Urschel Comitrol型的设备)。
关于提供例如组合物的良好结构和促进香味释放,优选进行纤维的激活以便改善纤维的功能性。
优选地,在从收割到生产组合物的整个循环期间任选的药草和/或蔬菜和/或调味品的温度保持低于50℃,优选不超过45℃,优选不超过40℃,并且优选不超过30℃。更具体地,在本发明组合物的制备期间,施加的温度不超过50℃,优选不超过45℃,优选不超过40℃,优选不超过30℃。
优选地,将组合物包装在不能透过氧气和/或UV光的密闭容器内。该容器可以在1-35℃,优选4-35℃,优选10-30℃,最优选在环境温度的温度储存。
与已经经历高温加工的其它组合物或酱相比,由于低温加工,所述组合物的质量保持高的水平,且仅存在有限的组合物的颜色、味道、香味和其它性质的损失。然而,尽管在制备加工期间的相对低的温度,但组合物的微生物量保持在高的和安全的水平,这是由于使用了技术的组合来保持产物的质量。尽管组合物含精细磨碎的肉桂和任选药草、蔬菜和/或其它调味品,但是可以在制备加工期间释放的酶没有负面地恶化组合物的质量。
产品的酸性、不可溶纤维的存在、低温加工、任选存在的盐、优选的包装和低温加工的组合,以及尽管不存在可以被消费者当作是人工的或非天然的防腐剂,组合物的可保藏性(keepability)和微生物学安全性是极好的,同时保持厨师所察觉到的高的产品质量和赋予多种菜肴以口味和香味的高能力。本发明的肉桂组合物的优点之一是尽管pH为2-4,但是组合物不具有强酸的口味和气味。因此,酸的防腐性质可以表现出其功能,同时组合物不具有强酸的味道。这使得组合物非常适合用于甜的和含奶油的菜肴中,其中能够非常明显地和肯定地察觉到肉桂的优异香味性质。
潜在地用肉桂酱制备的菜肴的实例是许多的,并且仅仅一些非限制性的实例为 茄合;pho bo (越南牛肉和米粉汤);菠萝酸辣酱;填有葡萄干派的南瓜饼(pumpkin pie raisin pie filling);苹果派;和肉桂饼干。
含肉桂的调味品混合物的典型实例是:
- 五香混合物(five spices mix);其中含有例如花椒、小茴香籽粉、磨碎的丁香(ground clove)、肉桂和八角茴香粉;
- 唐杜里酱(tandoori puree),其中含有例如柠檬草、大蒜、干辣椒(chilli)、芫荽豆蔻(coriander cardamom)、胡椒、姜、小茴香、肉桂和肉豆蔻;
- ras el hanout (摩洛哥调味品混合物),其中含有例如小茴香、姜、姜黄、盐、肉桂、黑胡椒和白胡椒和辣椒;
- (牙买加)肉干调料(jerk seasoning),其中含有例如大蒜、红糖、大葱、酱油、酸柚汁、橙汁、朗姆酒、月桂叶、姜、丁香、肉豆蔻、肉桂和黑胡椒;
- 南瓜派调味品,其中含有例如肉桂、姜、磨碎的丁香和肉豆蔻;
- 欧贝调料(old bay seasoning),其中含有例如芥末、红辣椒、芹菜籽、月桂叶、黑胡椒和红胡椒、肉桂、丁香、肉豆蔻、小豆蔻、盐和姜;
- 加莱姆马萨拉(garam masala),其中含有例如黑胡椒和白胡椒、丁香、malibar叶、荜茇(pippali)、黑色小茴香(shahi jeera)、小茴香籽、肉桂;黑色、褐色和绿色小豆蔻、肉豆蔻、八角茴香和芫荽籽。
附图简述
图1:实施例3的各个烹饪试验中挥发性化合物的浓度。
图2:实施例3的各个烹饪试验中挥发性化合物(没有香豆素和(E)-肉桂醛)的浓度。
实施例
现在通过下列非限制性实施例进一步例示本发明。
实施例1:肉桂酱
基于下表1中的成分,进行下列加工步骤:
a) 将水、醋12%和肉桂装入Unimix匀浆器中并以速度水平3加工5分钟;
b) 在第一步后,加入盐、糖、麦芽糊精、棕榈油和柑橘属纤维并以速度水平3加工5分钟,然后以速度水平2加工15分钟;
c) 将最终产品泵入填充线(filling line)并填充在塑料罐内以得到肉桂酱。
加工期间的温度为室温,约20-22℃。
表1:肉桂酱组成
成分 | 浓度[wt%] |
水 | 44.8 |
麦芽糊精 | 12.3 |
盐(NaCl,非碘化的) | 10.0 |
糖(蔗糖) | 8.0 |
棕榈油(有机的) | 7.2 |
肉桂,磨碎的 | 6.8 |
醋12% | 6.6 |
N型柑橘属纤维 | 4.2 |
黄原胶 | 0.1 |
原材料信息:
-柑橘属纤维:Herbacel Type N ex Herbafoods (Werder (Havel), 德国);
-醋12%:巴氏消毒的(pasteurised),从纯乙醇通过醋酸发酵产生的。用水稀释至12°;供应商Nutrex AG (瑞士);
-肉桂:阴香(Cinnamomum burmannii)(Cassia)的树皮,其是干燥的、新鲜磨碎的和蒸汽处理的,供应商Fuchs GmbH & Co KG (Melle, 德国)。
实施例2:含肉桂的组合物的实施例
表2:含肉桂的唐杜里酱状组合物
成分 | 浓度[wt%] |
水 | 43.4 |
麦芽糊精 | 11.4 |
盐(NaCl,非碘化的) | 9.5 |
棕榈油(有机的) | 7.2 |
醋12% | 6.6 |
糖 | 6.0 |
N型柑橘属纤维 | 4.2 |
柠檬草颗粒 | 2.0 |
蒜瓣,深度冷冻的 | 2.0 |
冷冻的红辣椒(chilli red) | 1.0 |
芫荽籽 | 1.0 |
小豆蔻 | 1.0 |
黑胡椒 | 1.0 |
姜粉 | 1.0 |
小茴香 | 0.6 |
肉豆蔻干皮 | 0.6 |
月桂叶 | 0.6 |
肉桂,磨碎的 | 0.5 |
肉豆蔻 | 0.3 |
黄原胶 | 0.1 |
表3:含肉桂的五香酱状组合物
成分 | 浓度[wt%] |
水 | 45.2 |
麦芽糊精 | 17.8 |
盐(NaCl,非碘化的) | 9.2 |
棕榈油(有机的) | 7.0 |
醋12% | 6.6 |
糖 | 5.6 |
N型柑橘属纤维 | 3.4 |
四川辣椒 | 1.6 |
蒸汽处理的小茴香籽粉AD粉 | 1.3 |
蒸汽处理的磨碎的丁香 | 1.0 |
肉桂,磨碎的 | 0.7 |
蒸汽处理的八角茴香AD粉 | 0.5 |
黄原胶 | 0.1 |
这两种调味品混合物中成分的品质和供应商与实施例1相同(只要它们用于实施例1)。
实施例3:肉桂酱在热菜中的用途和挥发性香味化合物的分析
为了确定含肉桂的本发明组合物的肉桂香味的组成和产生,进行了下列烹饪试验,其中确定了肉桂的挥发性香味化合物的产生。进行了三个试验,其具有下列安排:
试验1:用肉桂粉腌制鸡肉,并烹饪该肉
试验2:用肉桂粉腌制鸡肉,烹饪该肉,并加入肉桂酱的其它成分(作为单独的成分)
试验3:烹饪鸡肉,加入肉桂酱(来自实施例1)
原材料:
玉米油:Mazola (trade ware)
鸡肉(肉店的质量,新订购的-未冷冻的)
椰奶:(trade ware)
水、麦芽糊精、盐、糖、棕榈油、肉桂、醋12%、柑橘属纤维、黄原胶:与实施例1相同的原材料。
用于分析挥发性香味化合物的方法
使用采用Twister (由Gerstel GmbH & Co. KG提供, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 德国)的搅拌棒吸附萃取(SBSE)分析挥发性香味化合物追随试验中挥发性香味化合物的形成。该技术用于萃取和分析挥发性的和半挥发性的有机化合物。Twister看起来像是常规的磁力搅拌棒。它转动和搅拌时,其将有机成分从水溶液中吸出并置于其由聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)组成的涂层上。Twister的膜厚度为0.5 mm,且长度为10 mm。在这种快速且灵敏的准备步骤后,Twister能被直接转移至热解吸单元(TDS)。热解吸是用于将挥发性和半挥发性的化合物捕捉到吸附剂上以及用于从固体直接热萃取挥发性物质而不进行样品制备的多功能方法。在线连用冷却注射系统(CIS)充当液氮冷却阱,其集中并浓缩待确定的组分,然后将其转移至毛细管柱。
结合气相色谱-质谱,可以研究由不同成分组成的样品的定性和定量组成。惰性气体流提供了研究样品的蒸汽相的连续去除,并随后吸收溶质。
由下列方法确定烹饪试验期间产生的香味。用筛子从烹饪的肉分离来自每个试验的烹饪酱汁(cooking sauce)。将肉放回至盘(pan)中,并加入100g水。在水中振摇肉30秒并再次从肉分离液体。混合酱汁和洗涤的水。将15 g这种混合的酱汁放入测量烧瓶并用蒸馏水填充至高达总计100g。以250 rpm搅拌其1小时。用S+S Faltenfilter 520 A1/2过滤溶液。将10ml滤液用吸量管加至顶空瓶(headspace vial)中,加入1 ml内标溶液,加入Twister (在300℃预先适应(conditioned)1.5h并通过GCMS检测纯度)并封闭小瓶。用Twister以970 rpm搅拌1.5h。取出Twister,用蒸馏水清洁,用无棉绒擦子(lint-free wipe)干燥并将其放入TDS-管中以用于采用TDS-GCMS分析。
TDS/CIS:
TDS:样品移动,无分流,转移温度200℃,起始温度30℃,起始时间0 min,延迟时间0 min,第一速率60℃/min,第一最终温度150℃,第一最终时间10 min。
CIS:无分流,起始温度-50℃,起始时间0.01 min,第一速率12℃/s,第一最终温度240℃,第一最终时间3 min。
GC-MS:
GC:HP6890,溶剂排出(vent),排出时间0.01 min,排出流50ml/min,净化流40ml/min,净化时间1.51 min,气体节约器关闭(gas saver off),氦气,恒流0.8 ml/min。
烤箱温度程序:35/2/4/240/30。
MS:HP5973;转移线-T.280℃;电离70eV;E.I.-模式;通过HP-MS-ChemStation进行数据采集和处理;协调(Tune):Max.Sens.Autotune,溶剂延迟4.00min.,EM Offset +0,扫描38-250,阈值75,样品2,HP-624 (60m;0.25mm i.D.;膜1.40微米)
分析的结果是挥发性化合物的浓度以任意单位(arbitrary units)表示,作为将要进行的试验之间的比较,并且并非是挥发性化合物的浓度的绝对测量。这些挥发性化合物可以归因于肉桂的香味含量和组成。
在下表中给出三个试验的详细安排。
表4:为检测肉桂香味的产生、含量和组成的三个试验的安排
时间 | 试验1 | 试验2 | 试验3 |
用6.8克肉桂粉腌制500克鸡肉* | 用6.8克肉桂粉腌制500克鸡肉* | ||
加热50克玉米油至~170℃ | 加热50克玉米油至~170℃ | 加热50克玉米油至~170℃ | |
0 min | 烘烤腌制的鸡肉 | 烘烤腌制的鸡肉 | 烘烤500克鸡肉* |
3 min | 加入300克椰奶 | 加入300克椰奶 | 加入300克椰奶 |
5 min | 在~70℃炖煮10分钟 | 加入水、麦芽糊精、盐、糖、棕榈油、醋12%、柑橘属纤维、黄原胶(与100克肉桂酱相同的量,参见实施例1) | 加入100克肉桂酱(来自实施例1,相当于6.8克肉桂) |
在~70℃炖煮10分钟 | 在~70℃炖煮10分钟 | ||
15 min | 收集炖煮后的酱汁以用于分析 | ||
16 min | 收集炖煮后的酱汁以用于分析 | 收集炖煮后的酱汁以用于分析 |
* 将鸡肉切成大约2x2x5 cm的片。
使用相同原材料和相同方法进行试验3两次,以便确定方法的重现性。根据前面所指明的方法分析从三个试验获得的酱汁。在下表以及图1和2中给出来自挥发物的分析的结果。
表5:在来自试验1、2和3 (重复两次)的酱汁中确定的挥发性化合物的浓度。
试验1 | 试验2 | 试验3(1) | 试验3(2)重复两次 | |
化合物 | 浓度[单位] | 浓度[单位] | 浓度[单位] | 浓度[单位] |
α-蒎烯 | 4.74E+05 | 2.58E+05 | 6.78E+05 | 3.55E+05 |
苯甲醛 | 8.82E+07 | 8.61E+07 | 3.67E+07 | 2.90E+07 |
α-萜品烯+1,4-桉树脑 | 7.91E+05 | 8.30E+05 | 7.15E+05 | 1.10E+06 |
柠檬烯 | 1.03E+06 | 1.24E+06 | 1.47E+06 | 1.33E+06 |
对百里香素 | 7.70E+05 | 6.84E+05 | 1.27E+06 | 8.09E+05 |
1,8-桉树脑 | 2.71E+07 | 2.92E+07 | 1.38E+08 | 1.03E+08 |
g-萜品烯 | 3.94E+05 | 4.36E+05 | 8.38E+05 | 7.17E+05 |
苯乙醛+2-E-辛烯醛+水杨醛 | 1.16E+07 | 1.01E+07 | 1.04E+07 | 8.05E+06 |
苯乙酮+沉香醇 | 8.00E+06 | 7.15E+06 | 1.67E+07 | 1.29E+07 |
小茴香醇 | 1.13E+06 | 8.94E+05 | 2.21E+06 | 1.84E+06 |
肉桂醛 | 3.21E+05 | 2.91E+05 | 2.03E+06 | 1.22E+06 |
萜品-4-醇 | 4.11E+07 | 3.68E+07 | 1.09E+08 | 8.90E+07 |
3-苯基丙醛 | 3.43E+07 | 3.07E+07 | 2.68E+07 | 2.24E+07 |
冰片 | 1.82E+07 | 1.66E+07 | 4.22E+07 | 3.50E+07 |
α-萜品醇 | 4.49E+07 | 4.02E+07 | 8.63E+07 | 7.44E+07 |
(Z)-肉桂醛 | 5.52E+07 | 5.33E+07 | 1.18E+08 | 9.48E+07 |
3-苯基丙醇 | 9.39E+06 | 7.30E+06 | 1.18E+07 | 1.02E+07 |
香芹酮 | 9.23E+05 | 8.61E+05 | 1.96E+06 | 1.64E+06 |
醋酸冰片酯 | 1.17E+07 | 9.26E+06 | 2.31E+07 | 1.86E+07 |
E-茴香脑+黄樟脑 | 5.63E+06 | 4.42E+06 | 5.06E+06 | 4.32E+06 |
(E)-肉桂醛 | 2.51E+09 | 2.41E+09 | 4.99E+09 | 4.67E+09 |
肉桂醇 | 1.52E+07 | 1.11E+07 | 8.58E+06 | 6.72E+06 |
丁子香酚+醋酸氢化肉桂酯 | 1.93E+06 | 1.73E+06 | 2.36E+06 | 3.58E+06 |
(E)-醋酸肉桂酯 | 5.67E+07 | 5.25E+07 | 1.31E+08 | 1.14E+08 |
香豆素 | 8.07E+08 | 6.60E+08 | 6.65E+08 | 5.85E+08 |
4-乙氧基苯甲酸乙酯 | 2.53E+07 | 1.83E+07 | 2.02E+07 | 8.71E+06 |
对甲氧基肉桂醛 | 1.34E+07 | 1.24E+07 | 1.41E+07 | 1.16E+07 |
1-表-枯醇(1-epi-cubenol) | 5.76E+06 | 5.01E+06 | 5.74E+06 | 5.12E+06 |
总计 | 3.79E+09 | 3.51E+09 | 6.48E+09 | 5.92E+09 |
还对这些数据在图1和2中作图。图1描述了实施例3的各个烹饪试验中挥发性化合物的浓度。图2描述了相同的挥发性化合物的浓度,但不包括香豆素和(E)-肉桂醛,以便集中于具有较低浓度的挥发性化合物。
从该表5和图1和2中可以得出结论:本发明的包含肉桂的组合物包含最多的挥发性化合物,并且因此产生最大的香味。在所有三个试验中,使用相同量和品质的肉桂,但是由肉桂酱产生的香味的量最高。其甚至是干燥使用的肉桂以及与酱的其它成分组合使用但不预先制备为酱的肉桂的接近两倍高。正如可以从表5和图2中看出的那样,这不仅对主要的挥发性化合物香豆素和(E)-肉桂醛而言是确凿的,而且对大部分少量的挥发性化合物而言也是确凿的。此外,尽管在试验3中晚添加肉桂酱,挥发性化合物在酱汁中的产生也是快速的(在炖煮的10分钟内),由此得到结论:香味快速在菜肴中产生,并且不需要长时间腌制肉或蔬菜以便产生好的和诱人的香味特征。
由于重复进行试验3,两个试验均产生接近相同的结果,证明了该方法的再现性是高的。因此,与试验1和2相比,用本发明组合物制备的菜肴的增加的挥发物量(和香味量)和浓度可以归因于使用本发明的肉桂酱,并且不能归因于该分析方法的不准确性。
Claims (12)
1.用于制备包含肉桂的组合物的方法,
其中所述组合物为水连续的、酱状组合物;
其中肉桂的浓度为0.4-20重量%;
并且其中所述组合物包含0.5-10重量%的不可溶纤维,
其中所述不可溶纤维包含柑橘属纤维或小麦纤维,
并且其中所述组合物包含1-40重量%的植物油,
并且其中所述组合物的pH为2-4,
其中所述方法包括下列步骤:
(i) 在高剪切混合器中混合水、食品级酸和肉桂,所述混合器还具有切碎、砍碎或磨碎功能;
(ii) 添加所有剩余成分并持续匀化;
(iii) 将所得产品填充至容器中,
并且其中在所述组合物的制备期间温度不超过30℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物包含0.5-15重量%的肉桂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述柑橘属纤维源自柠檬、橘子或酸柚。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述柑橘属纤维源自橘子、柠檬或酸柚的果皮。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述不可溶纤维的平均长度为25-400微米。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述不可溶纤维以1-6重量%的浓度存在于所述组合物中。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物包含1-15重量%的植物油。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物包含选自柠檬酸、乙酸、乳酸、苹果酸、葡萄糖酸及其混合物的食品级酸。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物另外包含一种或多种其它调味品,和/或一种或多种药草,和/或一种或多种蔬菜。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物包含1-10%的可食用盐。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物包含1-10%的糖。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物包含3-7%的糖。
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US10287366B2 (en) | 2017-02-15 | 2019-05-14 | Cp Kelco Aps | Methods of producing activated pectin-containing biomass compositions |
RU2694596C1 (ru) * | 2018-08-02 | 2019-07-16 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки "Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Никитский ботанический сад - Национальный научный центр РАН" | Натуральная пряно-ароматическая приправа |
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US20040081741A1 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2004-04-29 | Unilever Bestfoods North America | Stabilized fruit pulp composition and a puree composition comprising the same |
US20050089620A1 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-04-28 | Unilever Bestfoods, North America | Low carbohydrate fiber containing emulsion |
US20060003081A1 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-05 | Unilever Bestfoods, North America | High fiber and ready-to-serve, ambient stable fruit-based composition |
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