CN102904454B - Efficient insulation DC (direct-current) converter system in photovoltaic power generation system - Google Patents
Efficient insulation DC (direct-current) converter system in photovoltaic power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102904454B CN102904454B CN201210382327.0A CN201210382327A CN102904454B CN 102904454 B CN102904454 B CN 102904454B CN 201210382327 A CN201210382327 A CN 201210382327A CN 102904454 B CN102904454 B CN 102904454B
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient insulation DC (direct-current) converter system in a photovoltaic power generation system. The DC converter enables large part of power to be transmitted to a busbar voltage through an efficient direct-current transformer (DCX), and small part of power is transmitted through a power compensation device (PVR), namely the output voltage of the power compensation device is the difference value of the voltage of a voltage compensation busbar of a controlled voltage source and the DSC output voltage; when the input voltage is higher, the power transmitted through the PVR is higher, and the system efficiency is low relatively, reversely, most part of power is transmitted through the DCX, and the system efficiency is higher relatively; the DCX is selected from an insulation-type converter without regulating the voltage, which plays effects of voltage conversion and electric insulation; the PVR is selected from the insulation-type converter which operates between two kinds of operation modes including steady voltage and MPPT (maximum power point tracking); and when the maximal output power of a solar battery is greater than the power required by load, the converter operates under the steady voltage mode, and reversely, the converter operates under the MPPT mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of efficient isolated DC transducer system architecture being applied to photovoltaic generating system, belong to new energy system regions.
Background technology
The environmental problem using fossil energy to bring in world wide and the day by day exhausted of traditional energy make solar energy become the alternative energy source got most of the attention this century, but it is also faced with the lower problem of photovoltaic battery panel energy conversion efficiency, the whole efficiency improving photovoltaic generating system has problem to be solved.The photovoltaic parallel in system of traditional high-frequency isolation type, system changeover link is complicated, and system effectiveness is affected, and there is the problem that the work characteristics of DC converter and photovoltaic string characteristics of output power do not have Mutually fusion preferably.
Conventional DC converter has single stage type and two-stage type electricity generation system.Single stage type electricity generation system often adopts full-bridge direct current converter, it adopts phase shifting control to realize Sofe Switch, but there is transformer secondary duty-cycle loss phenomenon, brings certain complexity to the design of transformer, and because input voltage range is wider, there is certain influence to the efficiency of system.Two-stage type electricity generation system adopts Boost to add the structure of full-bridge direct current converter usually.The output voltage of solar cell is raised to about 100 V by Boost, then can boost to 380 V through full-bridge direct current converter.Because full-bridge direct current converter adopts phase shifting control to realize Sofe Switch, and be operated in non-adjustable pressure condition, so the efficiency of full-bridge direct current converter is very high, but all power all must by the transmission of 2 stage converter, add system power dissipation, secondly the operating efficiency of photovoltaic string power output and Boost does not coordinate, and have impact on the power conversion efficiency of whole system.
Scholar is had to propose a kind of power compensating method of grid-connected photovoltaic system in full input voltage range internal efficiency for improving employing DC-DC series connection DC-AC power architecture: the controlled voltage source be namely in series with photovoltaic string with goes to compensate the difference of photovoltaic string output voltage and DC bus-bar voltage, but this method requires higher to the output voltage of photovoltaic string, and require that power compensator device must be isolated form, but whole system not yet realizes isolation, there is leakage current, there is certain potential safety hazard.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention carries out Improvement for existing DC converter system architecture, proposes a kind of input parallel connection being applied to photovoltaic generating system, export efficient isolated DC transducer system architecture and the control method thereof of series connection.
The present invention is for solving the problems of the technologies described above by the following technical solutions:
High-efficiency isolation direct current changer system in a kind of photovoltaic generating system, its input source is provided by photovoltaic cell, the voltage of photovoltaic cell is transferred on dc bus through DC/DC converter, and described DC-DC converter is made up of commutator transformer DCX and power compensator PVR; Wherein the voltage output end of photovoltaic cell is connected with the input of described commutator transformer DCX, the input of power compensator PVR respectively, and the output of described commutator transformer DCX and the output of power compensator PVR are connected with dc bus after connecting; Wherein:
Commutator transformer DCX adopts non-adjustable pressure-controlled, when input voltage is higher, the ratio that the power transferring to dc bus by commutator transformer DCX accounts for DC-DC converter gross output is higher, and the power exported by power compensator PVR is for compensating the difference of busbar voltage and commutator transformer DCX output voltage.
Further, high-efficiency isolation direct current changer system in photovoltaic generating system of the present invention, described commutator transformer DCX is the isolated converter of the not pressure regulation of starting voltage conversion and electrical isolation effect; Power compensator PVR has been the pressure-adjustable isolated converter of solar maximum power point tracer action.
Further, high-efficiency isolation direct current changer system in photovoltaic generating system of the present invention, described power compensator PVR is circuit of reversed excitation; Described commutator transformer DCX is made up of full-bridge LLC converter, resonant network, rectification circuit; Concrete structure is as follows:
Described circuit of reversed excitation draws together the first input filter capacitor, the first switching tube, the first isolating transformer, fly-wheel diode, filter capacitor; Full-bridge LLC converter comprises the second input filter capacitor, the second to five switching tube; Resonant network comprises resonant inductance, magnetizing inductance, resonant capacitance; Rectification circuit comprises the second to the 5th diode, filter capacitor;
Wherein one end of the first input filter capacitor is connected with the colelctor electrode of the first switching tube after connecting with the positive pole of external input voltage, the former limit of the first isolating transformer respectively, and the emitter stage of described first switching tube is connected with the other end of the first input filter capacitor, the negative pole of external input voltage respectively; The different name end of the secondary of described first isolating transformer is connected with one end of filter capacitor and the input of dc bus after connecting with fly-wheel diode respectively, and the other end of described filter capacitor is connected with the Same Name of Ends of the first isolating transformer secondary;
One end of described second input filter capacitor is connected with the positive pole of external input voltage, the colelctor electrode of second switch pipe, the colelctor electrode of the 3rd switching tube respectively, and the other end of the second input filter capacitor is connected with the emitter stage of the 4th switching tube, the emitter stage of the 5th switching tube, the negative pole of external input voltage respectively; The emitter stage of described second switch pipe is connected with the colelctor electrode of the 4th switching tube, one end of resonant inductance respectively, and the colelctor electrode of described 5th switching tube is connected with the emitter stage of described 3rd switching tube, resonant capacitance one end respectively;
The other end of described resonant inductance is connected with the Same Name of Ends on the second former limit of isolating transformer, one end of magnetizing inductance respectively; The other end of resonant capacitance is connected with the other end of described second isolating transformer former limit different name end, magnetizing inductance respectively;
The Same Name of Ends on described second isolating transformer limit is connected with the anode of the second diode, the negative electrode of the 4th diode respectively, and the different name end of the second isolating transformer secondary is connected with the anode of the 3rd diode, the negative electrode of the 5th diode respectively; One end of the described filter capacitor respectively negative electrode of described second diode, the negative electrode of the 3rd diode connects, and the other end of described filter capacitor is connected with the anode of the 5th diode, the anode of the 4th diode and the output of dc bus respectively.
The present invention adopts above technical scheme compared with prior art, has following technique effect:
By high efficiency commutator transformer DCX is in parallel with power compensator PVR input, output is connected, overwhelming majority power can not the commutator transformer DCX of pressure regulation be transferred on dc bus by high efficiency, small part energy is only had to be sent to dc bus by power compensator PVR, the i.e. output voltage compensation busbar voltage of power compensator and the difference of commutator transformer DCX output voltage, solve the problem that traditional DC-DC converter work characteristics and photovoltaic string characteristics of output power do not have Mutually fusion preferably, improve the power conversion efficiency of whole system, and realize the maximum power output of solar cell, drastically increase the operating efficiency of system, as the DC converter of an isolated form, also ensure that the security reliability of system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the system architecture diagram being applied to the DC converter of the input-series and output-parallel of photovoltaic generating system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of electrical block diagram being applied to the input-series and output-parallel DC converter of photovoltaic generating system that the present invention adopts.
The requirement schematic diagram of the efficiency of Fig. 3 power that to be DC converter system architecture of the present invention compensate its power compensator and work.
Number in the figure: 1-circuit of reversed excitation; 2-full-bridge LLC converter; 3-resonant network; 4-rectification circuit;
v pV it is solar cell output voltage;
v r it is power compensator PVR output voltage;
v dCX it is commutator transformer DCX output voltage;
i pV it is solar cell output current;
i in it is power compensator PVR input current;
i o it is DC-DC converter output current;
c 1,
c 2first, second input filter capacitor respectively;
q 1,
q 2,
q 3,
q 4,
q 5the first to the 5th switching tube respectively;
c 3 ,
c 8 filter capacitor respectively;
d r1 ,
d r2 ,
d r3 ,
d r4 ,
d r5 the body diode of the first to the 5th switching tube respectively;
c 4 ,
c 5 ,
c 6 ,
c 7 the body parasitic capacitance of the second to the 5th switching tube respectively;
d 2 ,
d 3 ,
d 4 ,
d 5 the second to the 5th commutation diode respectively;
d 1it is fly-wheel diode;
t r1 ,
t r2 first, second isolating transformer respectively;
l r it is resonant inductance;
l m it is magnetizing inductance;
c r it is resonant capacitance;
v o it is system output voltage;
dC-DC converter efficiency;
it is PVR transducer effciency.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail:
As shown in Figure 1, system architecture of the present invention is: photovoltaic cell is through DC/DC converter, transmit power on dc bus, wherein DC-DC converter is made up of high efficiency commutator transformer DCX and power compensator PVR, wherein commutator transformer DCX is in parallel with the input of power compensator PVR, and commutator transformer DCX connects with the output of power compensator PVR.Commutator transformer DCX can select the isolated converter starting voltage conversion of uncomfortable pressure and the effect of electrical isolation, such as full-bridge converter, half-bridge converter, forward converter, the various isolated form circuit topology such as circuit of reversed excitation; Power compensator PVR equally also can select full-bridge converter, half-bridge converter, circuit of reversed excitation, forward converter etc.Because commutator transformer DCX is non-adjustable pressure-controlled, when input voltage is fixed, the turn ratio of the isolating transformer of commutator transformer DCX is larger, and the power of its transmission is also larger; Therefore by controlling the turn ratio of the former secondary of isolating transformer of commutator transformer DCX, the DC converter in this system is made to make most power be transferred to busbar voltage by high efficiency commutator transformer DCX, and fraction power is transmitted by power compensator PVR, i.e. the output voltage compensation busbar voltage of power compensator PVR and the difference of commutator transformer DCX output voltage.Input voltage is higher, and the ratio of commutator transformer DCX through-put power is higher, and system effectiveness is also higher.
Realize the switching of steady pressure of system and MPPT two kinds of mode of operations, when the peak power output of solar cell is less than load power demand, DC converter is operated in MPPT pattern, makes solar cell Maximum Power Output, and busbar voltage is controlled to make it stable by late-class circuit or load; Otherwise it is operated in potentiostatic mode, ensure that DC bus-bar voltage is constant.
Fig. 2 is physical circuit of the present invention, comprises circuit of reversed excitation 1, full-bridge LLC converter 2, resonant network 3, rectification circuit 4.Wherein the input of circuit of reversed excitation 1 is in parallel with the input of full-bridge LLC converter 2, and the output of circuit of reversed excitation 1 is connected with the output of rectification circuit 4.
Shown in Figure 2, the switching tube that circuit of reversed excitation 1 is connected successively by input filter capacitor
q 1 , isolating transformer
t r1 , diode
d 1 , filter capacitor C
3 form.
Full-bridge LLC converter 2 is by four switching tubes
q 2 ,
q 3 ,
q 4 ,
q 5 composition, wherein four switching tubes are MOSFET.
Resonant network 3 is by resonant inductance
l r , magnetizing inductance
l m and resonant capacitance
c r composition.Isolating transformer
t r2 realize the effect of isolation and change voltage.
Rectification circuit 4 is by four commutation diodes
d 2 ,
d 3 ,
d 4, d 5 composition.
In order to make full use of solar energy, playing the effectiveness of solar cell to greatest extent, the solar cell moment must be made to be operated in maximum power point, namely need to adopt MPPT maximum power point tracking technology.Current solar cell MPPT maximum power point tracking technical controlling algorithm has a variety of, and the present invention adopts disturbance observation (Perturbation & Observation, P & O).
Fig. 3 gives the requirement of the efficiency of power that grid-connected proposed system compensate its power compensator and work.Visible, photovoltaic string output voltage is lower, and the power that power compensator compensates is larger, requires that its power conversion efficiency is higher.Otherwise output voltage is higher, the power that power compensator compensates is less, requires that the efficiency of its power transfer is lower.
Example of the present invention is as follows:
Solar-energy photo-voltaic cell input direct voltage:
v pV =30 ~ 38
v;
Export DC bus-bar voltage:
v o =380
v; Power output:
p o =1kW;
The switching frequency of commutator transformer DCX and full-bridge LLC converter 2:
f s =120kHz; Resonant frequency:
f r =120kHz; Resonant inductance:
l r =1.13uH; Resonant capacitance:
c r =1uF; Magnetizing inductance:
l m =7.78uH; Second isolating transformer
t r2 former secondary no-load voltage ratio: 1:10; Switching tube
q 2 ,
q 3 ,
q 4 ,
q 5 : IPP030N10N3G;
Commutator transformer DCX output current:
i o_LLC =2.6
a; Commutation diode
d r5
,
d r6
,
d r7
,
d r8
: IDT10S60C.
Power compensator PVR and circuit of reversed excitation 1 switching frequency:
f s =50kHz; First isolating transformer
tr 1 former secondary no-load voltage ratio: 1:1; Switching tube
q 1 : IPP200N25N3G; Inductance:
l=163uH; Fly-wheel diode
d 1 : STPS101700C.
As seen from the above description, the DC converter system architecture being applied to the input-series and output-parallel of photovoltaic generating system that the present invention proposes and energy management control, and tool has the following advantages:
System is in parallel with power compensator PVR input by commutator transformer DCX, output is connected, most power is made to be transferred to busbar voltage by high efficiency commutator transformer DCX, and fraction power is transmitted by power compensator PVR, the i.e. output voltage compensation busbar voltage of power compensator PVR and the difference of commutator transformer DCX output voltage, solve the problem that Traditional DC converter work characteristics and photovoltaic string characteristics of output power do not have Mutually fusion preferably, improve the power conversion efficiency of whole system, and as the DC converter of an isolated form, ensure that the security reliability of system.
In present system, in order to realize the efficient isolation of system, commutator transformer DCX can select the isolated converter starting voltage conversion of uncomfortable pressure and the effect of electrical isolation, such as full-bridge converter, half-bridge converter, forward converter, the various isolated form circuit topology such as circuit of reversed excitation; Power compensator PVR equally also can select full-bridge converter, half-bridge converter, forward converter etc., can select applicable circuit topology according to different application backgrounds.
The present invention can be operated in two kinds of operation modes, efficiently works in certain input voltage range, under the prerequisite of proof load normal table work, utilizes solar energy fully.
Claims (1)
1. high-efficiency isolation direct current changer system in a photovoltaic generating system, its input source is provided by photovoltaic cell, the voltage of photovoltaic cell is transferred on dc bus through DC/DC converter, it is characterized in that: described DC-DC converter is made up of commutator transformer DCX and power compensator PVR, described commutator transformer DCX is the isolated converter of the not pressure regulation of starting voltage conversion and electrical isolation effect; Power compensator PVR has been the pressure-adjustable isolated converter of solar maximum power point tracer action; Wherein the voltage output end of photovoltaic cell is connected with the input of described commutator transformer DCX, the input of power compensator PVR respectively, and the output of described commutator transformer DCX and the output of power compensator PVR are connected with dc bus after connecting; Wherein:
Commutator transformer DCX adopts non-adjustable pressure-controlled, when input voltage is higher, the ratio that the power transferring to dc bus by commutator transformer DCX accounts for DC-DC converter gross output is higher, and the power exported by power compensator PVR is for compensating the difference of busbar voltage and commutator transformer DCX output voltage;
Described power compensator PVR is circuit of reversed excitation (1); Described commutator transformer DCX is made up of full-bridge LLC converter (2), resonant network (3), rectification circuit (4); Concrete structure is as follows:
Described circuit of reversed excitation (1) comprises the first input filter capacitor (C
1), the first switching tube (Q
1), the first isolating transformer (Tr
1), fly-wheel diode (D
1), the first filter capacitor (C
3); Full-bridge LLC converter (2) comprises the second input filter capacitor (C
2), the second to five switching tube (Q
2, Q
3, Q
4, Q
5); Resonant network (3) comprise resonant inductance (
l r ), magnetizing inductance (
l m ), resonant capacitance (
c r ); Rectification circuit (4) comprise the second to the 5th diode (
d 2 , D 3 , D 4 , D 5 ), the second filter capacitor (
c 8 );
Wherein the first input filter capacitor (C
1) one end respectively with positive pole, the first isolating transformer (Tr of external input voltage
1) the series connection of former limit after with the first switching tube (Q
1) colelctor electrode connect, described first switching tube (Q
1) emitter stage respectively with the first input filter capacitor (C
1) the other end, external input voltage negative pole connect; Described first isolating transformer (Tr
1) the different name end of secondary and fly-wheel diode (D
1) after series connection respectively with the first filter capacitor (C
3) one end and dc bus input connect, described first filter capacitor (C
3) the other end and the first isolating transformer (Tr
1) secondary Same Name of Ends connect;
Described second input filter capacitor (C
2) one end respectively with positive pole, the second switch pipe (Q of external input voltage
2) colelctor electrode, the 3rd switching tube (Q
3) colelctor electrode connect, the second input filter capacitor (C
2) the other end respectively with the 4th switching tube (Q
4) emitter stage, the 5th switching tube (Q
5) emitter stage, external input voltage negative pole connect; Described second switch pipe (Q
2) emitter stage respectively with the 4th switching tube (Q
4) colelctor electrode, resonant inductance (
l r ) one end connect, described 5th switching tube (Q
5) colelctor electrode respectively with described 3rd switching tube (Q
3) emitter stage, resonant capacitance (
c r ) one end connection;
Described resonant inductance (
l r ) the other end respectively with the second isolating transformer (
tr 2 ) Same Name of Ends on former limit, magnetizing inductance (
l m ) one end connect; Resonant capacitance (
c r ) the other end respectively with described second isolating transformer (
tr 2 ) former limit different name end, magnetizing inductance (
l m ) the other end connect;
Described second isolating transformer (
tr 2 ) secondary Same Name of Ends respectively with the second diode (
d 2 ) anode, the 4th diode (
d 4 ) negative electrode connect, the second isolating transformer (
tr 2 ) secondary different name end respectively with the 3rd diode (
d 3 ) anode, the 5th diode (
d 5 ) negative electrode be connected; Described second filter capacitor (C
8) one end respectively described second diode (
d 2 ) negative electrode, the 3rd diode (
d 3 ) negative electrode connect, described second filter capacitor (C
8) the other end respectively with the 5th diode (
d 5 ) anode, the 4th diode (
d 4 ) anode and dc bus output connect.
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| CN201210382327.0A CN102904454B (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2012-10-11 | Efficient insulation DC (direct-current) converter system in photovoltaic power generation system |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210382327.0A CN102904454B (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2012-10-11 | Efficient insulation DC (direct-current) converter system in photovoltaic power generation system |
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| CN102904454B true CN102904454B (en) | 2015-03-25 |
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