CN109327136B - Three-level boosting type direct current conversion topology based on coupling winding unit - Google Patents

Three-level boosting type direct current conversion topology based on coupling winding unit Download PDF

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CN109327136B
CN109327136B CN201811443772.7A CN201811443772A CN109327136B CN 109327136 B CN109327136 B CN 109327136B CN 201811443772 A CN201811443772 A CN 201811443772A CN 109327136 B CN109327136 B CN 109327136B
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diode
inductor
output capacitor
clamping
switch tube
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CN109327136A (en
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丁新平
刘贇
赵德林
于雷
张洪兴
刘丰羽
杨朔
郝杨阳
李恺
余岱玲
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Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
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Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054Transistor switching losses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of DC-DC conversion equipment, and relates to a three-level boost DC conversion topology based on a coupling winding unit, which comprises the coupling winding unit, a three-level conversion unit and a clamping unit, wherein the coupling winding unit comprises a first inductor, a second inductor, a third inductor, a first diode and a second diode; the three-level structure unit comprises a first switch tube, a second switch tube, a first output capacitor, a second output capacitor and a midpoint connecting wire, and the clamping unit comprises a first clamping diode and a second clamping diode; the device has the advantages of simple structure, safe and convenient use and high output efficiency, and can reach the efficiency of the whole machine of 90 percent.

Description

Three-level boosting type direct current conversion topology based on coupling winding unit
Technical field:
the invention belongs to the technical field of DC-DC conversion equipment, relates to a three-level boosting type DC conversion topology based on a coupling winding unit, and particularly relates to a three-level boosting type DC conversion topology with clamping based on a coupling winding unit.
The background technology is as follows:
in recent years, in order to solve the problems of ecological environment protection and non-renewable energy crisis, the development of a distributed power generation system formed by renewable and clean energy sources such as solar energy is rapid. However, since the output voltage of the single photovoltaic cell panel is low, the 380V dc voltage required by the dc bus cannot be achieved, and therefore, how to obtain a stable module with high output voltage gain becomes a problem to be solved.
In the prior art, there are boost circuits such as a conventional boost converter, which are widely used because of their simple structure and easy control, but are limited to the problem of insufficient voltage conversion capability in the case of requiring high power and high voltage gain, and are prone to the occurrence of a limit duty ratio, and the safety of topology is not guaranteed. With the development of recent years, some topologies which are added with a switch inductor, a coupling inductor and other modules to realize a high boost function appear, but the topology still faces the problems of high voltage stress of devices such as a switch tube and the like due to leakage inductance and high power requirements in actual occasions, and the high-voltage high-power electronic devices are expensive, so that the manufacturing cost of the whole topology is obviously increased greatly. In the prior art, CN104967329B discloses a switch-coupled inductance type dual-bootstrap three-level zeta converter, which can correspondingly reduce the stress of devices such as a switching tube and the like while realizing high-voltage gain of a circuit, but has excessive devices such as a diode and the like used in the whole, and an auxiliary switching tube is added, so that the manufacturing cost and the control difficulty of the whole topology are greatly improved, the whole instability is improved, and the topology is not beneficial to being applied to high-power industrial occasions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a three-level boost type direct current conversion topology based on the coupled winding units.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and designs and provides a three-level boost type direct current conversion topology with clamping based on a coupling winding unit, which can ensure high voltage gain, avoid the occurrence of limit duty ratio of a switching tube and effectively reduce voltage stress and the use quantity of corresponding devices.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the three-level boost direct current conversion topology based on the coupling winding unit comprises the coupling winding unit, the three-level conversion unit and the clamping unit, wherein the coupling winding unit utilizes the characteristic turns ratio of the coupling winding to charge and discharge simultaneously, which is an adjustable free factor, to realize the function of high voltage conversion capability, and comprises a first inductor, a second inductor, a third inductor, a first diode and a second diode; the turns ratio of the first inductor, the second inductor and the third inductor is 1: n: n, the homonymous end of the first inductor is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, the other end of the first inductor is respectively connected with the drain electrode of the first switch tube, the homonymous end of the second inductor and the positive electrode of the first clamping diode, the non-homonymous end of the second inductor is connected with the positive electrode of the second clamping diode and the negative electrode of the second output capacitor, the non-homonymous end of the third inductor is respectively connected with the positive electrode of the second diode, the negative electrode of the first diode is connected with the negative electrode of the first clamping diode, and the negative electrode of the second diode is connected with the negative electrode of the second clamping diode; the three-level structure unit changes the conversion topology into two parts which are vertically symmetrical so as to reduce the voltage stress of elements such as a switch tube, a diode, a capacitor and the like, and the three-level structure unit comprises a first switch tube, a second switch tube, a first output capacitor, a second output capacitor and a midpoint connecting wire, wherein the drain electrode of the first switch tube is respectively connected with a non-homonymous end of a first inductor and a homonymous end of a second inductor, the source electrode of the second switch tube is respectively connected with the negative electrode of a power supply, the negative electrode of a second clamping diode and the negative electrode of the second diode, the positive electrode of the first output capacitor is respectively connected with the positive electrode of the first diode, the first clamping diode and the positive electrode of a load, the negative electrode of the second output capacitor is respectively connected with the positive electrode of the second clamping diode, the homonymous end of a third inductor and the negative electrode of the load, the source electrode of the first switch tube is connected with the drain electrode of the second switch tube, the negative electrode of the first output capacitor and the positive electrode of the second output capacitor are connected together by the midpoint, the first output capacitor and the second output capacitor completes the function of energy storage and voltage division, the first switch tube and the second output capacitor receives control signals of a master control chip and the external switch chip to switch or switch the switch to be in a closed state; the clamping unit effectively controls voltage spikes at two ends of the switching tube caused by leakage inductance energy and guides the energy to an output side so as to reduce loss and improve the overall efficiency of the topology, and the clamping unit comprises a first clamping diode and a second clamping diode; the positive pole of the first clamping diode is connected to the homonymous end of the second inductor, the negative pole of the first clamping diode is connected with the negative pole of the first diode and the positive pole of the first output capacitor respectively, the positive pole of the second clamping diode is connected to the homonymous end of the third inductor, and the negative pole of the second clamping diode is connected with the negative pole of the second diode and the negative pole of the second output capacitor respectively.
According to the invention, the first switching tube and the second switching tube are both N-channel MOS tubes.
The invention adopts a unipolar PWM control method to realize the on or off of the first switching tube and the second switching tube, thereby improving the working efficiency of the switching tube and reducing the switching loss; in the aspect of driving signals, driving signals with the same high level proportion are selected, one driving signal is delayed by half a period compared with the other driving signal, and the on duty ratio D is more than 0.5, so that at least one of the two switching tubes is in an on state in a normal working period.
In a normal steady-state period, the transformation topology of the invention mainly has four working modes: (1) The first switch tube and the second switch tube are both conducted, the four diodes are all cut off, the power supply charges the first inductor, and the first output capacitor and the second output capacitor supply power to the load together; (2) The first switching tube is conducted, the second switching tube is cut off, and due to the existence of leakage inductance energy of the winding unit, at the moment of operation in the working mode, the second clamping diode is conducted to clamp voltage, then most of the time later, the second diode is conducted normally, the first inductor and the third inductor start to discharge to charge the second output capacitor, and the first output capacitor supplies power to a load; then, the operation of the working mode (3) is carried out, and at the moment, the first switching tube and the second switching tube return to the state when both are conducted again, and the state is the same as that of the working mode (1); (4) The first switch Guan Jiezhi and the second switch tube are conducted, and due to the existence of leakage inductance energy of the winding unit, at the moment of operation in the working mode, the first clamping diode is conducted to clamp voltage, then most of the time later, the first diode is conducted normally, the first inductor and the second inductor start to discharge to charge the first output capacitor, and the second output capacitor supplies power to the load; the topology exhibits a completely symmetrical characteristic throughout the steady-state period, and the overall topology is easy to control and implement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: firstly, in normal operation, 4 working modes of direct current conversion topology are determined by the on and off of two switching tubes, a coupling winding unit is added to improve the overall voltage conversion capability, the occurrence of the limit duty ratio condition is avoided through the double-degree-of-freedom adjustment of the coupling winding turns ratio and the duty ratio, the continuous charging and discharging process of the coupling winding is realized, and the purpose of high gain is achieved; secondly, by utilizing a three-level conversion structure, the stress of devices such as a switch tube, a diode, a capacitor and the like is reduced by half correspondingly, and the overall cost and the implementation difficulty can be controlled; the two clamping diodes are added, so that voltage spikes of the switching tube caused by leakage inductance energy can be effectively clamped, loss is reduced, and energy of the switching tube can be effectively guided to the output side of the rear stage; the device has the advantages of simple structure, safe and convenient use and high output efficiency, and can reach the efficiency of the whole machine of 90 percent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a main circuit structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of two switching tube control signals according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 (a) - (d) are schematic diagrams of 4 modes of operation of the dc conversion topology of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a voltage gain comparison graph of the dc conversion topology of the present invention and a conventional boost circuit.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Examples:
the three-level boost direct current conversion topology based on the coupling winding unit in the embodiment comprises: the circuit structure of the coupling winding unit, the three-level conversion unit and the clamping unit is shown in figure 1, wherein:
the coupling winding unit is used for replacing a single energy storage inductor in the existing topology, and the function of high voltage conversion capability is realized by utilizing the adjustable free factor of the characteristic turns ratio of simultaneous charging and discharging of the coupling winding; the coupled winding unit comprises a first inductance L 1 Second inductance L 2 Third inductance L 3 First diode D 1 And a second diode D 2 First inductance L 1 Is connected with a power supply V at the same name end g The other end of the first switch tube S is respectively connected with the positive electrode of the first switch tube 1 Drain electrode of (2), second inductance L 2 Is the same name terminal, the first clamping diode D 3 The positive electrode of the second inductor L 2 Is not the same-name end of the first diode D 1 The positive electrode of the third inductor L is connected with 3 Is respectively with the same name end of the second clamping diode D 4 Positive electrode of (C) a second output capacitor 2 Is connected with the negative electrode of the third inductor L 3 Is not the same name as the second diode D 2 Is connected with the positive electrode of the first diode D 1 Is connected with the negative pole of the first clamping diode D 3 Is connected with the cathode of the second diode D 2 Cathode of (D) and second clamping diode D 4 The cathodes of the two coils are connected to form a topological working loop for charging and discharging the coupling windings together;
the three-level conversion unit is used for changing the conversion topology into two parts which are vertically symmetrical so as to reduce the voltage stress of elements such as a switch tube, a diode, a capacitor and the like; the three-level conversion unit mainly comprises a first switch tube S 1 Second switch tube S 2 First output capacitor C 1 A second output capacitor C 2 And a midpoint connecting line; wherein, a first switch tube S 1 Drain electrode of (d) and first inductance L 1 Is not the same name end and the second inductance L 2 Is connected with the homonymous end of the second switch tube S 2 The source electrode of (a) is respectively connected with the power supply V g Cathode, second clamping diode D 4 Is connected with the cathode of the second diode D 2 A first output capacitor C connected to the negative electrode of 1 Respectively with the anode of the first diode D 1 First clamping diode D 3 And a load R positive electrode connected with the second output capacitor C 2 Respectively with the second negative electrodeClamping diode D 4 Positive electrode of (a) and third inductance L 3 Is connected with the same name end of the load R and the cathode of the load R, a first switching tube S 1 Source electrode of (a) and second switch tube S 2 Is connected to the drain of the first output capacitor C 1 Is connected with the negative electrode of the capacitor C and the second output capacitor C 2 The anodes of the capacitors are connected together through a midpoint connecting wire, and the two capacitors complete the function of energy storage and voltage division; first switching tube S 1 And a second switching tube S 2 The gate source electrode of the switch tube is used for receiving a control signal of an external main control chip and completing the switching of the on or off state of the switch tube;
the clamping unit is used for effectively controlling voltage spikes at two ends of the switching tube caused by leakage inductance energy and guiding the energy to an output side so as to reduce loss and improve the overall efficiency of the topology; the clamping unit comprises a first clamping diode D 3 And a second clamping diode D 4 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the positive electrode of the first clamping diode D3 is connected with the second inductor L 2 The negative electrode of the same-name terminal of the first diode D 1 And a first output capacitor C 1 A second clamping diode D connected with the positive electrode of 4 Is linked with the third inductance L 3 The negative pole of the same-name terminal of the second diode D 2 And a second output capacitor C 2 Is connected to the negative electrode of the battery.
The schematic diagrams of the control signals of the two switching tubes in the dc conversion topology in this embodiment are shown in fig. 2, which adopts a unipolar PWM control method to implement the first switching tube S 1 And a second switching tube S 2 The on or off of the switch tube can improve the working efficiency of the switch tube and reduce the switching loss; in the aspect of driving signals, driving signals with the same high level proportion are selected, one driving signal is delayed by half a period than the other driving signal, and the duty ratio D is turned on>0.5, thereby realizing that at least one of the two switching tubes is in a conducting state in a normal working period.
In a normal steady-state period, the dc conversion topology described in this embodiment mainly has 4 operation modes as shown in fig. 3 (a) - (d): when the first switch tube S 1 And a second switching tube S 2 All conducting at this timeIn the working mode 1, the four diodes are all cut off, and the power supply V g Inductance L 1 Charging a first output capacitor C 1 And a second output capacitor C 2 Together, power is supplied to the load R; when the first switch tube S 1 Conduction and second switch tube S 2 When the current is cut-off, the current is in the working mode 2, and the second clamping diode D is at first at the moment of the working mode operation due to the existence of leakage inductance energy of the winding unit 4 The second diode D is turned on to clamp the voltage and then most of the time 2 Normally conducting operation, first inductance L 1 And a third inductance L 3 Start discharging to the second output capacitor C 2 Charging a first output capacitor C 1 Supplying power to the load R; then, the operation in the operation mode 3 is performed, and the first switching tube S is operated at this time 1 And a second switching tube S 2 And returns to the state when both are conducted again, which is the same as the working mode 1; when the first switch tube S 1 Cut-off, second switch tube S 2 When conducting, the operation mode 4 is adopted, and the first clamping diode D is adopted at the moment of the operation mode operation due to the existence of leakage inductance energy of the winding unit 3 The turn-on operation performs voltage clamping, and then most of the time thereafter, the first diode D 1 Normally conducting operation, first inductance L 1 And a second inductance L 2 Start discharging to the first output capacitor C 1 Charging a second output capacitor C 2 Supplying power to the load; the topology exhibits a completely symmetrical characteristic throughout the steady-state period, and the overall topology is easy to control and implement.
The dc conversion topology according to this embodiment is compared with the conventional topology, and the voltage gain comparison curve is shown in fig. 4, and when the required output voltage is converted to 10 times of the input voltage, the voltage is expressed according to the output voltage expression V of the conventional basic topology o =V g For meeting the required voltage gain of 10 times, the duty ratio of the switching tube is required to reach 0.9, and the switching tube is in a limit state at the moment, so that the overall working efficiency is influenced, and related devices are damaged greatly; the expression of the input-output voltage relationship of the DC conversion topology in this embodiment is V o =(2nD-n+1)*V g (1-D) to be usedWhen the turn ratio of the coupling winding is n=3, the duty ratio of the coupling winding is only required to be 0.75, and the duty ratio of the coupling winding can be reduced along with the increase of the turn ratio of the coupling winding, so that the high-voltage gain is realized, the limit duty ratio of a switching tube is avoided, and the overall safety of the topology is ensured; in addition, the direct-current conversion topology in the embodiment is subjected to experimental verification under the requirements of 400V output voltage and 1KW power, and the efficiency can reach 90%.
According to the analysis and experimental results, the direct-current conversion topology has the capability of greatly improving the voltage conversion ratio, voltage stress of related devices can be effectively reduced, loss is greatly reduced, overall conversion efficiency is improved, and the direct-current conversion topology is very suitable for a post-stage direct-current voltage lifting circuit in photovoltaic grid connection.

Claims (3)

1. The three-level boost type direct current conversion topology based on the coupling winding unit is characterized by comprising the coupling winding unit, a three-level conversion unit and a clamping unit, wherein the coupling winding unit utilizes an adjustable free factor of the characteristic turns ratio of simultaneous charging and discharging of the coupling winding to realize the function of high voltage conversion capability, and the three-level boost type direct current conversion topology based on the coupling winding unit comprises a first inductor, a second inductor, a third inductor, a first diode and a second diode; the turns ratio of the first inductor, the second inductor and the third inductor is 1: n: n, the homonymous end of the first inductor is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, the other end of the first inductor is respectively connected with the drain electrode of the first switch tube, the homonymous end of the second inductor and the positive electrode of the first clamping diode, the non-homonymous end of the second inductor is connected with the positive electrode of the second clamping diode and the negative electrode of the second output capacitor, the non-homonymous end of the third inductor is respectively connected with the positive electrode of the second diode, the negative electrode of the first diode is connected with the negative electrode of the first clamping diode, and the negative electrode of the second diode is connected with the negative electrode of the second clamping diode; the three-level conversion unit changes the conversion topology into two parts which are vertically symmetrical so as to reduce the voltage stress of a switch tube, a diode and a capacitor, and the three-level conversion unit comprises a first switch tube, a second switch tube, a first output capacitor, a second output capacitor and a midpoint connecting wire, wherein the drain electrode of the first switch tube is respectively connected with a non-homonymous end of a first inductor and a homonymous end of a second inductor, the source electrode of the second switch tube is respectively connected with the cathode of a power supply, the cathode of a second clamping diode and the cathode of the second diode, the anode of the first output capacitor is respectively connected with the cathode of the first diode, the cathode of the first clamping diode and the anode of a load, the cathode of the second output capacitor is respectively connected with the anode of the second clamping diode, the homonymous end of a third inductor and the cathode of the load, the source electrode of the first switch tube is connected with the drain electrode of the second switch tube, the cathode of the first output capacitor and the anode of the second output capacitor are connected together by the midpoint connecting wire, the first output capacitor and the second output capacitor completes the function of energy storage and partial pressure, and the gate electrode of the first switch tube and the second output capacitor receives control signals for switching or switching off states; the clamping unit effectively controls voltage spikes at two ends of the switching tube caused by leakage inductance energy and guides the energy to an output side so as to reduce loss and improve the overall efficiency of the topology, and the clamping unit comprises a first clamping diode and a second clamping diode; the positive electrode of the first clamping diode is connected with the homonymous end of the second inductor, the negative electrode of the first clamping diode is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the first diode and the positive electrode of the first output capacitor, the positive electrode of the second clamping diode is connected with the homonymous end of the third inductor, and the negative electrode of the second clamping diode is connected with the negative electrode of the second diode;
the three-level boosting direct current conversion topology based on the coupling winding unit adopts a unipolar PWM control method to realize the on or off of the first switching tube and the second switching tube, so that the working efficiency of the switching tube can be improved, and the switching loss is reduced; in the aspect of driving signals, driving signals with the same high level proportion are selected, one driving signal is delayed by half a period compared with the other driving signal, and the on duty ratio D is more than 0.5, so that at least one of the two switching tubes is in an on state in a normal working period.
2. The three-level boost direct current conversion topology based on the coupling winding unit according to claim 1, wherein the first switching tube and the second switching tube are N-channel MOS tubes.
3. The three-level boost dc conversion topology based on coupled winding units according to claim 1, characterized in that in a normal steady-state period, there are mainly four modes of operation: (1) The first switch tube and the second switch tube are both conducted, the four diodes are all cut off, the power supply charges the first inductor, and the first output capacitor and the second output capacitor supply power to the load together; (2) The first switching tube is conducted, the second switching tube is cut off, and due to the existence of leakage inductance energy of the winding unit, at the moment of operation in the working mode, the second clamping diode is conducted to clamp voltage, then most of the time later, the second diode is conducted normally, the first inductor and the third inductor start to discharge to charge the second output capacitor, and the first output capacitor supplies power to a load; then, the operation of the working mode (3) is carried out, and at the moment, the first switching tube and the second switching tube return to the state when both are conducted again, and the state is the same as that of the working mode (1); (4) The first switch Guan Jiezhi and the second switch tube are conducted, and due to the existence of leakage inductance energy of the winding unit, at the moment of operation in the working mode, the first clamping diode is conducted to clamp voltage, then most of the time later, the first diode is conducted normally, the first inductor and the second inductor start to discharge to charge the first output capacitor, and the second output capacitor supplies power to the load; the topology exhibits a completely symmetrical characteristic throughout the steady-state period, and the overall topology is easy to control and implement.
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CN113410990B (en) * 2021-07-30 2022-08-30 南京信息工程大学 High-efficiency high-gain quasi-Z-source soft switching DC-DC converter
CN113839557B (en) * 2021-08-24 2024-04-09 深圳航天科技创新研究院 Boost conversion topology with wide voltage range

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CN208971387U (en) * 2018-11-29 2019-06-11 青岛理工大学 A kind of tri-lever boosting type DC converting topology based on coupling winding element

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