CN102902556A - Multistage boot load method of embedded equipment - Google Patents
Multistage boot load method of embedded equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN102902556A CN102902556A CN201210326854XA CN201210326854A CN102902556A CN 102902556 A CN102902556 A CN 102902556A CN 201210326854X A CN201210326854X A CN 201210326854XA CN 201210326854 A CN201210326854 A CN 201210326854A CN 102902556 A CN102902556 A CN 102902556A
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Abstract
The invention provides a multistage boot load method of embedded equipment. Flash of the embedded equipment is sequentially divided into a boot loader 2 partition, an image partition and a data configuration partition. The multistage boot load method comprises the following steps of: adding a boot loader 1 partition in a storage area, wherein the boot loader 1 partition has the functions of upgrading, guiding and configuring the boot loader 2; after the equipment is electrified, starting the boot loader 1 firstly; checking whether a command for upgrading/configuring the boot loader 2 is input or not within an appointed time in a circulating way; if the command is not input, guiding the boot loader 2 to start by the boot loader 1, and finishing a start flow; and if the command is input, upgrading/configuring the boot loader 2 by the boot loader 1, and skipping to the boot loader 2 after the upgrading/configuring to execute equipment reboot or directly reboot the equipment. According to the multistage boot load method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the diversity of an image and the boot loader are supported, and the safety requirements during the embedded upgrading are also satisfied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of embedded technology, relate in particular to a kind of multistage guiding loading method of embedded device.
Background technology
Embedded device has two outstanding features: one is to minimize cost, and needs to reduce unnecessary software and hardware function; One is to need customization to satisfy diversified demand, and the mode of unified standard is difficult to satisfy all demands.
Major part image(program mirror image as program, generally include the kernel(kernel) and the rootfs(root file system)) also be diversified, along with the form of the development image of technology itself at development, and two image are arranged, the appearance of the application forms such as size image, cause original bootloader(boot loader) can not satisfy Secretary, can not be compatible, so bootloader itself also needs to upgrade.Sometimes, relevant key parameter such as MAC Address, product is measured to put and is embedded into bootloader itself, also needs bootloader is upgraded when parameter expands or revises.
Embedded bootloader normally is stored on the flash, and traditional bootloader upgrade method is: when upgrading bootloader, need to fall the data erase of bootloader on block corresponding on the flash, write from ram again, at this moment may be because outage and other accidents cause upgrading to stop, and the block at bootloader place since not yet data writing or write not exclusively cause damaging, power on just to restart and can't be again read the bootloader code and can't move from the flash block of correspondence, thereby embedded device is paralysed, be commonly called as and become brick.The cost of this situation repair and upgrade all can be very high, or nonvolatil damage.
Therefore must find a kind of method to satisfy simultaneously the requirement of dirigibility and security.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of multistage guiding loading method of embedded device, adopt two bootloader cascades to guide image, support simultaneously the diversity of image and bootloader, security requirement when satisfying again embedded upgrading still can guide operation after bootloader upgrades unsuccessfully.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of multistage guiding loading method of embedded device, the flash of described embedded device is divided into bootloader2 subregion, image subregion and data configuring area successively, and described multistage guiding loading method comprises step:
Add the bootloader1 subregion in the memory block, this bootloader1 subregion has the function of upgrading bootloader2, guiding bootloader2 and configuration bootloader2;
After the device power, start first bootloader1;
At the appointed time, whether circular test has upgrading/configuration bootloader2 instruction input, if nothing, then bootloader1 guiding bootloader2 starts, and finishes the startup flow process; If have, then bootloader1 upgrades/disposes bootloader2, jumps to bootloader2 execution or direct restarting equipment after upgrading/configuration.
Wherein, described bootloader1 subregion is positioned on the different flash with the bootloader2 subregion; Wherein, the bootloader1 subregion is located at the flash memory of spi nor flash(serial peripheral interface rejection gate) on, the bootloader2 subregion is located at nandflash(Sheffer stroke gate flash memory) on.
Wherein, described bootloader1 subregion and bootloader2 subregion are positioned on the same flash.
Wherein, described bootloader1 subregion takies 1 block of 1 flash.
Wherein, described bootloader1 subregion is provided with write-protect.
Wherein, the process of bootloader1 guiding bootloader2 startup is:
Bootloader1 finds corresponding block from the address of agreement, reads in the information of bootloader2 according to the address of finding again, and reads length and the default proof test value information of bootloader2;
Bootloader1 reads out the full content of bootloader2 and calculates its proof test value, and this proof test value and default proof test value are judged relatively whether draw this proof test value correct.If proof test value correctly then jump to the corresponding address of bootloader2 executable code, or carry out corresponding address after jumping to bootloader2 and being loaded into internal memory and decompress(ion), finishes the startup flow process; If incorrect, then bootloader1 is converted to upgrade mode, and bootloader2 is upgraded, and jumps to bootloader2 execution or direct restarting equipment after the upgrading.
Wherein, described bootloader1 mode that bootloader2 is upgraded comprises three kinds: serial ports upgrading mode, tftp(tftp TFTP) agreement upgrading mode, http(Hypertext Transmission Protocol) or the ftp(file transfer protocol (FTP)) agreement upgrading mode.
Compared with prior art, the embodiment of the invention has following beneficial effect.
Increased a bootloader1 subregion in the embodiment of the invention newly; function with guiding, configuration, the original bootloader2 subregion of upgrading; bootloader1 subregion and the cascade of bootloader2 subregion guide loading when device systems starts; like this at bootloader2 when damaging or upgrading unsuccessfully; bootloader1 can be not damaged owing to be write-protected; thereby bootloader1 can re-start upgrading to bootloader2; not only support the diversity of image and bootloader, and satisfy the security requirement in embedded when upgrading.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is existing flash distributed architecture synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the flash distributed architecture synoptic diagram that the embodiment of the invention provides.
Fig. 3 is the multistage guiding loading method process flow diagram of the embedded device that provides of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the upgrade method process flow diagram that the embodiment of the invention provides.
Embodiment
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
See also Fig. 1, existing flash is divided into a bootloader subregion, an image subregion (reality also can be a plurality of image subregions) and a data configuring area in order successively.Wherein the bootloader subregion is used for storage bootloader program itself and the needed configuration parameter of bootloader; The image subregion generally includes kernel and rootfs two parts; The data configuring area is optional, comprises the configuration parameter of system's operation needs and the recorded information of operation, sometimes may be included in the rootfs.
Different from existing flash distributed architecture, before existing bootloader subregion, add a new bootloader subregion in the present embodiment, new flash distributed architecture comprises two bootloader subregions (being called bootloader1 subregion and bootloader2 subregion), an image subregion (reality also can be a plurality of image subregions) and a data configuring area as shown in Figure 2.The below will be described respectively bootloader1 subregion and bootloader2 subregion.
Bootloder1 subregion: the function with relevant parameters of guiding bootloader2, upgrading bootloader2 and configuration bootloader2; Upgrade function wherein can comprise the most basic serial ports upgrading mode, also can comprise the more senior modes such as network interface upgrading mode, sees for details hereinafter.This bootloder1 does not support directly guiding or upgrading image and revises the data configuring area.The size of bootloder1 is restricted, and is generally 1 block size of 1 flash, may comprise that sometimes shared flash space is more much smaller than bootloder2 more than one.
Bootloader2 subregion: keep the related characteristics of existing single bootloader substantially constant, its effect is exactly the initialization of doing some basic hardware, running environment, the code of decompress(ion) kenel part, and give kenel the control of cpu, thereby realize the guiding to the kenrnel part of guiding operating system, also comprise upgrading self and kernel, or the function of the whole flash except the bootloader1.
In actual applications, bootloder1 subregion and bootloader2 subregion can be on same flash, such as: the bootloader1 subregion is located at spi nor flash, and the bootloader2 subregion is located on the nandflash.
Usually, bootloder1 is write-protected, the write-protect mode (can be software mode and hardware mode) that adopts flash to support.Bootloader2 does not have authority maybe can not revise the content of bootloader1, and this restriction can be by regulation in the code and at bootloader1 write-protect is set and realize.If the write-protect mode of bootloader2 modification flash must guarantee that the write-protect state of the block that bootloader1 is relevant does not change.And bootloader2 does not need bootloder1 is read usually yet.
In the present embodiment, the purpose that interpolation arranges the bootloader1 subregion is exactly: jump to first bootloder1 and carry out after embedded device powers on, finish upgrading or the rear bootloader2 of guiding of configuration to bootloader2.Load bootloader2 by fixing start address during bootloader1 guiding bootloader2, and assigned address reads length and the proof test value of bootloader2 in front.This length and proof test value can change according to actual conditions.If adopt nandflash, no matter whether bootloader2 is in the file system, skips in the block scope of in front several appointments and search if bootloader1 runs into bad piece, until find the bootloader2 position according to eigenwert.
See also Fig. 3, in the present embodiment, based on above-mentioned flash partitioned organization with bootloader subregion of two cascades, the guiding loading method of embedded device may further comprise the steps.
301, after the device power, start bootloader1 from assigned address, bootloader1 begins to carry out relevant bootloader basic operation, such as initialization internal memory, timer, closes and interrupts initialization serial ports, button.
302, within the short time of appointment (such as 1 second), whether circular test has the upgrade input, and (upgrade can be by specified button input or serial ports key-press input; Key-press input refers to: real button is arranged on the plate, press down and have level and change and to report to cpu, and have corresponding the driving to process; The serial ports button refers to: serial ports is arranged on the plate, by RS232 switching pc machine, the keyboard of pc machine has when input to pass to character or the command information of input on the embedded board by serial ports), if do not have the upgrade input then enter step 303, if the upgrade input is arranged then enter step 304.
Configuration order is generally from the serial ports key-press input, and this example is usually illustrating of realizing, if in fact demand is arranged, can finish specific action of configuration with button, also may exist such as the situation of recovering default configuration.
303, bootloader1 guiding bootloader2, this bootup process is specific as follows.
Find corresponding block(such as nandflash from the address (norflash situation) of agreement or according to the rule of appointment), read in again the information of bootloader2 according to the address of finding, read out length and default proof test value information, read out afterwards whole bootloader2 contents and calculation check value, this proof test value and default proof test value are judged relatively whether correctly (default proof test value generates this proof test value when compiling, when burning flash, be written on the flash, proof test value is to be calculated by cpu when starting according to the content on the flash that does not comprise default proof test value, and proof test value is identical with default proof test value to show that then proof test value is correct).If proof test value correctly then jump to the corresponding address of bootloader2 executable code (being positioned on the flash), or jump to bootloader2 be loaded into behind the internal memory and decompress(ion) (if necessary) after corresponding address (being positioned on the internal memory ram) carry out, finish the startup flow process.If incorrect then jump to step 304 and carry out.
304, bootloader1 enters upgrade mode, go out command cue at serially printing, the bootloader1 upgrade function must be supported one of following three kinds of upgrading modes, or all supports, can accept or reject according to volume and the function needs of reality, escalation process as shown in Figure 4.Obtaining the protocol mode that file adopts and being consistent in that the used agreement realization of bootloader2 is normally arranged usually of these upgrading modes do not specifically describe specific implementation.
The upgrading mode is 1.: take the serial ports upgrading, need to be at the serial ports input command, the agreement that adopts is x-moden, y-modem, the z-moderm serial protocols, download the file into internal memory, then flash is rewritten in upgrading, manual fill order or jump to bootloader2 or autoboot equipment after upgrading is finished.The method realizes simple, and the code volume is little, is the mode of recommendation and general mode.
The upgrading mode is 2.: use the tftp upgrading, the agreement that need to adopt at the serial ports input command is the tftp agreement, bootloader needs network-driven and procotol support, complicated, tftp downloads to behind the internal memory upgrading and rewrites flash, manual fill order or jump to bootloader2 (namely jumping to step 303 carries out) or autoboot equipment (namely jumping to step 301 execution) after upgrading is finished.
The upgrading mode is 3.: use the supports of http or ftp agreement, do not need directly in operation of serial-port, need network interface card to drive and the http service, in browser, open predetermined http address, namely can auto-update after selecting upgrade file to download, jump to bootloader2 (namely jumping to step 303 carries out) or autoboot equipment (namely jumping to step 301 carries out).
No matter which kind of upgrading mode of employing, bootloader1 does not affect when bootloader2 is upgraded and changes bootloader1 itself, and directly do not upgrade image (kernel and rootfs) and data configuring area are only supported the upgrading bootloader2 parameter relevant with bootloader2.If there is write-protect in bootloader2, then remove first the write-protect of corresponding block, write and rear write-protect state except bootloader2 is kept original state.
305, when using bootloader2 that self and other parts such as kernel and rootfs are upgraded, if bootloader2 can damage and can't start when the unexpected situation such as outage occured, let alone correctly guide kernel.When this thing happens, restart facility returned step 301 and carries out.
In this step, after re-powering bootloader1 and getting up owing to can carry out completeness check to bootloader2, can find during check that bootloader2 damages, can enter upgrade mode, and call LED lamp position demonstration bootloader2 and damage, reminding user is manually upgraded to bootloader2, restarts rear startup bootloader2 after the bootloader2 upgrading again kernel is partly upgraded.Even at this moment even bootloader2 upgrades unsuccessfully again, because bootloader1 is intact, still can start bootloader1 equally next time, again upgrades.
In the present embodiment, bootloader1 can not need to support the upgrading to self.Situation at this time can be regarded bootloader1 as be embedded into cpu inside otp flash(one-off programming flash memory), therefore without the need for upgrade function.If truly have needs, the relevant parameter of modification guiding bootloader2 also can realize the upgrading to bootloader1.Usually, these parameters do not need to change, and are exactly that default value can guide bootloader2, if need to adjust relevant parameters, then need parameter is taken separately a block, the position of this block is after the block of bootloader1, before the block of bootloader2.This block is only revised by bootloader1, does not allow bootloader2 to revise.Can be by revise solving by revising parameter of parameter as far as possible.For revising still indeterminable situation of parameter; need to the block at bootloader1 self place be upgraded; need guarantee the situation that can occur cutting off the power supply scarcely during upgrading; if occuring, outage still can cause bootloader1 self to damage; need before the upgrading this block is gone write-protect; upgrade function is for reducing complicacy, and only bootloader1 being upgraded adds write-protect to this block after writing again.This upgrade function bans use of in principle, and use can limit, and such as needs privilege password restrictions, need to press simultaneously several keys when entering this pattern, and need many several steps, inputs several times instruction and confirms, to guarantee security.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limiting the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the multistage guiding loading method of an embedded device, the flash of described embedded device is divided into bootloader2 subregion, image subregion and data configuring area successively, it is characterized in that, and described multistage guiding loading method comprises step:
Add the bootloader1 subregion in the memory block, this bootloader1 subregion has the function of upgrading bootloader2, guiding bootloader2 and configuration bootloader2;
After the device power, start first bootloader1;
At the appointed time, whether circular test has upgrading/configuration bootloader2 instruction input, if nothing, then bootloader1 guiding bootloader2 starts, and finishes the startup flow process; If have, then bootloader1 upgrades/disposes bootloader2, jumps to bootloader2 execution or direct restarting equipment after upgrading/configuration.
2. the multistage guiding loading method of embedded device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described bootloader1 subregion is positioned on the different flash with the bootloader2 subregion; Wherein, the bootloader1 subregion is located on the spi nor flash, and the bootloader2 subregion is located on the nand flash.
3. the multistage guiding loading method of embedded device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described bootloader1 subregion and bootloader2 subregion are positioned on the same flash.
4. the multistage guiding loading method of embedded device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described bootloader1 subregion takies 1 block of 1 flash.
5. the multistage guiding loading method of embedded device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described bootloader1 subregion is provided with write-protect.
6. the multistage guiding loading method of embedded device is characterized in that as described in arbitrary such as claim 1 to 5, and in the method, the process that bootloader1 guiding bootloader2 starts is:
Bootloader1 finds corresponding block from the address of agreement, reads in the information of bootloader2 according to the address of finding again, and reads length and the default proof test value information of bootloader2;
Bootloader1 reads out the full content of bootloader2 and calculates its proof test value, and this proof test value and default proof test value are judged relatively whether draw this proof test value correct; If proof test value correctly then jump to the corresponding address of bootloader2 executable code, or carry out corresponding address after jumping to bootloader2 and being loaded into internal memory and decompress(ion), finishes the startup flow process; If incorrect, then bootloader1 is converted to upgrade mode, and bootloader2 is upgraded, and jumps to bootloader2 execution or direct restarting equipment after the upgrading.
7. the multistage guiding loading method of embedded device as described in arbitrary such as claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, in the method, the mode that described bootloader1 upgrades to bootloader2 comprises three kinds: serial ports upgrading mode, tftp agreement upgrading mode, http or ftp agreement upgrading mode.
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