CN102868369A - Radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier - Google Patents
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- CN102868369A CN102868369A CN201110186734XA CN201110186734A CN102868369A CN 102868369 A CN102868369 A CN 102868369A CN 201110186734X A CN201110186734X A CN 201110186734XA CN 201110186734 A CN201110186734 A CN 201110186734A CN 102868369 A CN102868369 A CN 102868369A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier. The radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier comprises a radio frequency receiving unit, a radio frequency amplifier control unit and an intermediate frequency amplifier, wherein the radio frequency receiving unit is composed of an adjustable low noise amplifier (LNA), a programmable gain amplifier (PGA), a down-conversion frequency mixer and a low-pass filter; the radio frequency amplifier control unit comprises a signal strength detector, a DAC (digital-to-analog converter), a comparator and a decoder; the signal strength detector is used for detecting the strength of an intermediate frequency signal; a comparator circuit is used for comparing an output signal of the signal strength detector with a fixed comparing level output from the DAC so as to output a comparison result; the decoder is used for inputting the comparison result into a gain control digital module and outputting a digital control signal so as to carry out the feedback control to the signal at the front end of the radio frequency, so that the gains of the LNA and the PGA are controlled, the signal to noise ratio of a receiving system is increased, and the requirements on dynamic ranges and high linearity of an input signal are met. The automatic gain control amplifier can be used in various radio frequency receiving chips flexibly, and particularly is applicable to radio frequency front-end circuit which has a wider input range of a radio frequency signal.
Description
Summary of the invention
The invention belongs to the technology for radio frequency field, relate to a kind of radio frequency automatic gain regulating and controlling circuit-mode, relate in particular to the radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier, it adopts and is different from traditional gain-adjusted pattern, and it is applicable to receive the radio-frequency transmitter of great dynamic range signal.
Background technology
In recent years along with the continuous appearance of areas of information technology new technology and the continuous progress of technique, the input range of various receiver systems is compared with all great changes have taken place originally, when the different radio frequency signal is worked simultaneously simultaneously, interference between the signal is also more and more serious, for weak input, large application scenario of disturbing need to receive function provides large input range and dynamic range.
As everyone knows, when the different radio frequency signal is worked simultaneously, interference signal from other system is inevitable, and the radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit of existing traditional receiver system is generally the fixed gain pattern, for this situation that large interference input is arranged, easy saturated radiofrequency signal front end, and chip internal all is to adopt automatic gain control circuit at intermediate-frequency section for fear of disturbing, sort circuit can not satisfy the requirement of large dynamic range, especially strong jamming weak signal input environment in the time of can not adapting to multisystem work, on this gain amplifier structure and function on limitation, become the significant deficiency that limits its application.
The formation of traditional controllable gain amplifier comprises control circuit, amplifier main circuit, testing circuit and reference input circuit.Because in the prior art, normally in the intermediate frequency ride gain, input when excessive when radiofrequency signal like this, since at radio-frequency head circuit at first appears owing to the saturated signal to noise ratio that affects, behind signal process filter filtering, the distortion reduction of signal, at this moment intermediate frequency amplifier controls to claimed range with signal amplitude again, this control mode is to finish on the basis of distortion of signal, so actual Signal-to-Noise has reduced, can not meet design requirement.For conventional art, the general application of this technology at intermediate frequency end FEEDBACK CONTROL intermediate frequency amplifier is to be that the change intensity of signal is smaller, and the special little condition of the intensity of another signal is got off and realized.
There is shortcomings in the prior art controllable gain amplifier: the first, and traditional control mode adopts the scheme of control intermediate frequency variable gain amplifier can only be suitable for the less situation of input signal dynamic range, has been not suitable for the great dynamic range initial conditions and has used.The second, traditional design does not consider that rf gain can regulate, and practical problem is exactly when input signal is very large, and is easily that radio frequency part is saturated, and light relies on intermediate frequency control can not satisfy existing designing requirement.The 3rd, it is fixed size that the noise factor that traditional control method mainly is based on the reduction system requires to set front-end gain, yet actual system can be larger owing to input ratio, noise factor to system front end requires so not high, when input signal is larger, very high to the requirement of system linearity degree, however the fixed RF front end can not satisfy the high linearity requirement, fixed gain can make the signal-to-noise ratio degradation of radio-frequency transmitter system on the contrary, finally affects systematic function.Traditional structure exists can not be processed because the excessive saturated problem of radio frequency amplifier that causes of input signal, and can not utilize to greatest extent hardware resource, just signal is processed at radio-frequency front-end, too small signal just amplifies, and front end provides low noise simultaneously, and excessive signal just reduces, improve simultaneously the system linearity degree, reduce like this circuit overhead and power consumption, improved the performance of system, and the sensitivity of radio-frequency transmitter.
If there is a kind of radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier can be flexibly to change rf gain according to the input size, not only so that the flexibility of whole radio-frequency front-end improves greatly, and better adapt to the ever-increasing market demand of areas of information technology new technology.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for solving the above problem of the traditional radio-frequency receiver front-end formation of prior art, but a kind of radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier is provided, can be used for high dynamic radio-frequency transmitter and other need the processing signals range large receiver in.It also has the function of the low noise amplifier of radio frequency variable gain amplifier and adjustable gain except the function of the variable gain amplifier that possesses traditional receiver, can better reduce hardware and system power expense, improves system signal noise ratio, the optimization system design.The control circuit theory diagram of traditional simulation AGC is simulated the variable gain amplifier 101 that AGC is made of the cascade of some stage gain amplifying stages as shown in Figure 1, peak detector 102, and logarithmic amplifier 103, low pass filter 104 and correlator 105 form.Peak detector 102 send logarithmic amplifier 103 that signal is made logarithm and amplifies for detection of the peak value of gain amplifier 101 output signals, and the peak signal after correlator 105 amplifies 103 and the reference voltage V of input
RefCompare, the output control signal was advanced low pass filter 104 filtering, control signal was added to variable gain amplifier 101, the gain of ride gain amplifier 101.In whole radio-frequency receiving system, AGC is between plural intermediate-frequency filter and ADC, it is according to the intermediate-freuqncy signal intensity that receives, carry out other amplification of different gains level, make the intensity stabilization of output signal on certain level, thereby give relatively-stationary input voltage of follow-up adc circuit, can allow like this ADC reach preferably performance and larger signal to noise ratio with lower resolution.
Traditional digital PGA control mode theory diagram as shown in Figure 2, the PGA of radio frequency front end chip (programmable gain amplifier) 21 is by the VGA (variable gain amplifier) 201 of multi-stage cascade, analog to digital converter 202 and digital to analog converter 203 consist of, digital baseband chip 22 is by digital comparator 204, and DSP digital signal processing module 205 and accumulator 206 form.Digital baseband block is given in the amplifying signal output of PGA, and the output feedback signal of digital baseband block is controlled the gain amplifier of VGA through digital to analog converter 203, thereby the amplification quantity of PGA is provided.
The present invention can not process the abandoning tradition structure because the excessive saturated problem of radio frequency amplifier that causes of input signal, a kind of radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier is proposed, on the basis that utilizes to greatest extent hardware resource, just signal is processed at radio-frequency front-end, too small signal just amplifies, front end provides low noise simultaneously, excessive signal just reduces, and raising system linearity degree, reduce circuit overhead and power consumption, improve the performance of system, and the sensitivity of radio-frequency transmitter, can also reduce equipment power dissipation and volume, save cost.A kind of radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier of the present invention applicable to the radio frequency chip of using in many, is particularly suitable for the large dynamically application of input range signal.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is to realize by following technical scheme:
The radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier, it is that the radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier is called for short radio frequency AGC amplifier and comprises that rf receiver unit and radio frequency amplify control unit and intermediate frequency amplifier; Wherein
Described rf receiver unit is by a gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier LNA, a variable gain amplifier PGA, and a down-conversion mixer and a low pass filter consist of; The input of gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier circuit connects radio-frequency input signals RF
INPUTThe output of gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier connects the input of variable gain amplifier, the output of variable gain amplifier connects the input of frequency mixer, the output of frequency mixer connects the input of low pass filter, and the output of low pass filter connects the input that radio frequency amplifies control unit input and next stage digital base band processor chip; Gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier LNA is connected control end and is connected the control signal output that radio frequency amplifies control unit with variable gain amplifier PGA;
It is the AGC control module that described radio frequency amplifies control unit, its input connects the output of the low pass filter of rf receiver unit, the corresponding control end of gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier LNA and the control end of variable gain amplifier PGA of connecting of its two outputs is used for realization to the control of rf receiver unit receiving gain;
The input of described intermediate frequency amplifier connects the output of the low pass filter of rf receiver unit, and its output connects next stage digital base band processor chip, is used for the intermediate-freuqncy signal of low pass filter output is amplified;
Described rf receiver unit and radio frequency amplify control unit and intermediate frequency amplifier is the difference channel structure.
Described radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier, its electric circuit constitute that is described radio frequency amplification control unit comprises signal strength detector RSSI, digital to analog converter DAC, comparator and demodulator Decoder; Wherein
Described signal strength detector RSSI is signal strength indicator circuit, is used for detecting and indicating the intensity of intermediate-freuqncy signal;
Described digital to analog converter DAC is used for being converted to fixing analog signal voltage with reference to signal;
Described comparator is two input terminal comparators, is used for the fixed signal voltage of signal strength detector output voltage and DAC output is made comparisons, and exports a comparative result;
Described demodulator Decoder is digital demodulating circuit, is used for the digital signal of comparator input is processed the control signal of the concrete gain size of rear decoding output ride gain adjustable low-noise amplifier LNA and variable gain amplifier PGA;
The input of signal strength detector RSSI connects the output of low pass filter, its output connects the signal input part of comparator, the output of digital to analog converter DAC connects the fixed reference potential input of comparator, the input of demodulator Decoder connects the output of comparator, the corresponding control end that connects LNA and PGA of two outputs of demodulator Decoder.
Described radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier, it is described gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier by the input amplifying stage, load circuit, noise decrease inductance and low noise bypass structure form; The low noise bypass structure comprises two tunnel bypass resistance R5 that are connected in series and R6 by-pass switch pipe: R5 and M3, R6 and M4, the two port of two tunnel bypass resistances that are connected in series and by-pass switch pipe should be attempted by Two-pass DINSAR input and difference output end: V
INN and V
INP, V
OUTN and V
OUTBetween the P, by-pass switch pipe M3 is connected control end and is connected bypass control signal Vctrl1 with M4; The low noise bypass structure also comprises a bias voltage short switch pipe M5, and bias voltage short switch pipe M5 is attempted by between the biased electrical pressure side Bias1 and ground of the input pipe M1 of main amplifying stage and M2 grid, and the control end of short switch pipe M5 connects bypass control signal Vctrl1; By-pass switch pipe and short switch pipe are controlled by bypass control signal simultaneously, control between main amplifying stage Two-pass DINSAR input and the difference output end by the access of by-pass switch pipe bypass resistance R5, a R6, control simultaneously main amplifying stage input pipe gate bias voltage directly by short switch pipe ground connection, main amplifying stage input pipe M1 and M2 are turn-offed, be used for controlling large input signal and export through bypass structure with zero gain and low noise at main amplifying stage, realize that the one-level low noise amplifier provides zero gain or fixed gain G
LThe controlled coarse adjustment of two kinds of yield values is selected: G
LValue is several times as much as the gain step value of variable gain amplifier PGA.
Described radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier, it is that described variable gain amplifier comprises several variable gain amplification grade circuits; Each variable gain amplifying stage has gain control end, and the gain control end of each variable gain amplifying stage connects the same control signal output that radio frequency amplifies control unit, and this control signal is digital controlled signal;
Several variable gain amplification grade circuits are the differential series syndeton, two-way radio-frequency differential input signal connects two differential input ends of first order variable gain amplification grade circuit, and two difference output ends of final stage variable gain amplification grade circuit connect radio frequency and amplify control unit input and digital baseband chip differential input end; Each variable gain amplifying stage is that identical current gain value is the gain step value G of adjustable gain amplifier
S, the maxgain value of variable gain amplifier is mG
S, m is the positive integer greater than 2.
Described radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier, it is that described signal strength detector is the signal strength detection sample circuit, it is made of jointly amplitude detection circuit and comparator circuit and DAC circuit; The intermediate-freuqncy signal IFInput of input range testing circuit connects the input of amplitude detection circuit, the output of amplitude detection circuit connects the comparison signal input of comparator, the output of two reference voltage VL, the VH of DAC connects two reference signal inputs of comparator, and the output of comparator forms the signal strength detection quantized value.
Output formation signal strength detection quantized value according to comparator can be divided into Three regions: quantized value was the residential quarter less than setting reference voltage VL, quantized value is in to set and is the stable region between reference voltage VL and the VH, and quantized value is excessive district greater than setting reference voltage VH.When quantized value was in the residential quarter, increase by the gain of gain control digital module ride gain adjustable low-noise amplifier and the gain of variable gain amplifier; When quantized value is in excessive district, reduce by the gain of gain control digital module ride gain adjustable low-noise amplifier and the gain of variable gain amplifier; When quantized value is in stable region between reference voltage VL and the VH, assert that the amplitude of output signal meets the demands, the gain by gain control digital module ride gain adjustable low-noise amplifier and the gain of variable gain amplifier are constant.
Described radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier, it is that described amplitude detection circuit is made of amplitude limiting amplifier circuit and the voltage adder circuit of amplitude detection unit, multi-stage cascade, every grade of corresponding detection signal end that connects the amplitude detection unit that detects of amplitude limiting amplifier circuit output, the output of amplitude detection unit connects voltage adder circuit, and the output of voltage adder circuit is the output of amplitude detection circuit; Amplitude detection unit again by the voltage adder circuit addition, obtains reacting the voltage signal of amplitude output signal size for detection of the output size that goes out every grade of limited amplitude amplifying circuit.
The output of every grade of fixed gain amplitude limiting amplifier circuit of amplitude detection circuit all connects amplitude detection circuit, input signal is amplified to saturation distortion step by step through every grade of fixed gain amplitude limiting amplifier circuit, detected that grade fixed gain width of cloth amplifying circuit that causes the output signal distortion by amplitude detection unit, count voltage accumulation according to its cascade at amplifier chain and provide corresponding amplitude detection voltage, for the signal of different input ranges, the amplitude detection voltage that amplitude detection circuit output is different.
Described radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier, it is that described comparator circuit is the 2bit digital comparator, input connects the output port of signal strength detector, the voltage ratios that the output voltage of signal strength signal intensity is different from two height, obtain the digital output signal of 2bit, adopt the size of structure signal strength signal intensity output voltage relatively, when comparator output 11 represents that signal strength signal intensities are greater than high voltage VH, when the output 10 expression signal strength signal intensities of comparator meet the demands between VL and VH, do not satisfy to set and require less than VL when comparator is output as 00 expression signal strength signal intensity.
Described radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier, it is that described gain control digital module is feedback control loop, with the gain size of the gain-variable unit before the output numeric results FEEDBACK CONTROL of comparator and the height change in gain of gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier.
But input signal at first amplifies through gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier and gain amplifier amplifying circuit, be down-converted to intermediate frequency through frequency mixer again, through filter filtering, detected again the size of signal strength signal intensity by intensity detection circuit, this signal is compared with reference level VH and VL, last big or small via the gain of gain control digital module feedback control gain adjustable low-noise amplifier and variable gain amplifier again.
Described radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier, it is that described low pass filter is quadravalence low-pass filter structure structure, be made of resistive degeneration and electric capacity and amplifier unit, its input receives the output signal from frequency mixer, the radio-frequency component in the filtered signal.The assurance intermediate-freuqncy signal can not flooded by radiofrequency signal, avoids the intermediate-frequency gain amplifying circuit to enter the saturation condition that can't amplify intermediate-freuqncy signal because of excessive radiofrequency signal.
Described radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier, wherein be characterised in that: the control signal end of described gain control digital module connects the gain control end of gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier and variable gain amplifier, the control signal of gain control digital module output is carried out in order control, the current gain value G of gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier to the gain of gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier and variable gain amplifier
LWith variable gain amplifier gain step value G
SBe indoor design fixed value, G
L=nG
S, n is the positive integer greater than 2.
Regulating gain increase process is the orderly control procedure that gain control digital module is regulated gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier and variable gain amplifier gain.
When needs reduce gain, the gain stepping of at first controlling the variable gain amplifier circuit reduces, if the circuit gain of variable gain amplifier has been reduced to hour, then the ride gain adjustable low-noise amplifier reduces gain, the gain stepping of controlling again variable gain amplifier reduces, until the amplitude of output signal meets the demands, the gain of the gain stepping increase acoustic amplifier of the adjustable low noise of gain control digital module ride gain and the gain of variable gain amplifier are constant.When needs increase gain, the gain stepping of at first controlling the variable gain amplifier circuit increases, when if the circuit gain of variable gain amplifier has increased to maximum, then the ride gain adjustable low-noise amplifier increases gain, the gain of controlling simultaneously variable gain amplifier subtract arrive most little, the gain stepping of controlling again variable gain amplifier reduces, until the amplitude of output signal meets the demands, the gain of the gain stepping increase acoustic amplifier of the adjustable low noise of gain control digital module ride gain and the gain of variable gain amplifier are constant.
Substantial effect of the present invention:
1, the present invention just signal is done that FEEDBACK CONTROL processes at radio-frequency front-end can be corresponding fast to the input large-signal, input signal dynamic range was less, signal to noise ratio reduced when input signal was large, the fixed RF front end can not satisfy high linearity and require to cause the defective that radio frequency amplifier is saturated and can not utilize to greatest extent hardware resource being suitable for of overcoming that prior art intermediate frequency end FEEDBACK CONTROL intermediate frequency amplifier exists.
2, radio-frequency front-end of the present invention is according to the size of input signal, change flexibly the focus of radio-frequency front-end leading indicator, using different system can regulate automatically according to the requirement of different system: the corresponding tuning linearity of large-signal, small-signal is paid close attention to noise factor, the design of realization optimization system improves system signal noise ratio.
3, the radio frequency automatic control circuit that adopts of the present invention does not need other the element that adds, and does not need baseband feedback control yet, improves stability and the reaction speed of receiving system.
4, radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier of the present invention needing to be suitable for the receiver of great dynamic range initial conditions work.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is traditional radio frequency analog AGC control mode schematic block circuit diagram.Among the figure: 101 is variable gain amplifier, and 102 is peak detector, and 103 is a logarithmic amplifier, and 104 is low pass filter, and 105 is correlator, V
RefReference voltage for input.
Fig. 2 is traditional radio-frequency (RF) digital PGA control circuit theory diagram.
Among the figure: 21 is radio-frequency front-end PGA, and 202 is digital baseband chip, and 201 is the variable gain amplifier VGA of multi-stage cascade, 202 is analog-digital converter ADC, and 203 is digital to analog converter DAC, and 204 for being digital comparator, 205 is digital signal processing module, and 206 is accumulator.
Fig. 3 is that the circuit of the radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier of the embodiment of the invention consists of block diagram;
Among Fig. 3: 31 is gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier, and 32 is variable gain amplifier, and 33 is down-conversion mixer MIX, 34 is low pass filter LPF, and 35 is the AGC control module, and wherein 301 is demodulator, 302 is digital to analog converter DAC, and 303 is comparator, and 304 is intensity detection circuit RSSI.The input of low noise amplifier 31 connects the radio frequency input, and 34 low pass filters provide the intermediate frequency output signal.
Fig. 4 is that the digital television radio-frequency front-end chip of one embodiment of the present of invention consists of block diagram; Among Fig. 4: 41 is the rf gain adjustable low-noise amplifier, and 42 is the radio frequency variable gain amplifier, and 43 is RF AGC control module, 44 and 45 is down-conversion mixer MIX, 46 and 47 is low pass filter LPF, and 48 and 49 is intermediate frequency automatic gain control amplifier BB-AGC, V
1NNAnd V
1NPBe the I of frequency gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier 41, the input of Q two-way quadrature radio-frequency signals, V
OUTNAnd V
OUTPBe the I of 51 and 52 intermediate frequency automatic gain control amplifiers, the output of Q two-way quadrature intermediate-freuqncy signal.
Fig. 5 is the circuit structure block diagram of the gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier of embodiment of the invention radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier;
Among Fig. 5: M1 and M2 are differential input stage, and C1 and C2 are the electric capacity of isolated DC, and L1 and L2 are load inductance, and R1 and R2 provide bias voltage for biasing resistor, R3 and R4 are load resistance, and R5, R6 are bypass resistance, M3, M4 is the by-pass switch pipe, and L3 is the noise decrease inductance, and M5 is the short switch pipe, V
INN and V
INP is differential input end, V
OUTN and V
OUTP is difference output end, and Bias1 is the bias voltage input, and Vctrl1 is bypass control signal.
Fig. 6 a is the circuit structure block diagram of the signal strength detector of the embodiment of the invention;
Among Fig. 6 a: 61 is amplitude detection circuit, and 62 is comparator, and 63 is DAC, and VH and VL are the comparative voltage that subregion arranges.
Fig. 6 b be in the embodiment of the invention input voltage and by the schematic diagram that concerns between the detected output voltage of intensity detection circuit;
Among Fig. 6 b: the radio-frequency input signals Vin of gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier 41 among abscissa Fig. 4, the output signal Vout of low pass filter 46 in the ordinate presentation graphs 4,
Fig. 6 c is the amplitude detection circuit in the signal strength detector in the embodiment of the invention
Among Fig. 6 c: 61 is limiting amplifier, and 602～605 is that amplitude limit amplifying stage 1～limited range enlargement level 4,62 is amplitude detection unit, is the voltage adder circuit by 606～610 amplitude detection levels, 1～amplitude detection level 4,63.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment also by reference to the accompanying drawings, technical scheme of the present invention is further described in detail.
The first embodiment
The circuit that Fig. 3 has provided the radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier of the embodiment of the invention consists of block diagram.In conjunction with Fig. 3 automatic gain control model implementation procedure among the present invention is described.Radio-frequency input signals RFinput input gain adjustable low-noise amplifier 31, amplification through gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier 31, be input to radio frequency variable gain amplifier 32, the amplifying signal of variable gain amplifier 32 outputs is the radiofrequency signal that comprises intermediate-freuqncy signal at down-conversion mixer 33 with the local oscillation signal frequency conversion, this radiofrequency signal is exported intermediate-freuqncy signal IFoutput by behind the low pass filter 34 filtering high frequencies.On the other hand, intermediate frequency output signal IFoutput compares by the intensity detection circuit 304 in the AGC control module 35 and the reference voltage that is produced by digital to analog converter 302, digital signal after obtaining relatively by comparator 303, send the output of 301 pairs of comparators 303 of demodulator to judge, if comparator is output as 11, expression is higher than high reference voltage VH, the excessive needs that gain reduce, comparator is output as 00, expression is lower than low reference voltage VL, the too small increase that needs gains, in addition comparator is output as 10 and represents all that gain satisfy to be set and require not that needs increase or reduce, and demodulator 301 is according to judging that the comparator Output rusults produces the control signal that orderly ride gain adjustable low-noise amplifier 31 and 32 gains of radio frequency variable gain amplifier are adjusted.If it is that amplitude output signal is excessive that comparator is output as 11, feedback loop is at first controlled radio frequency variable gain amplifier 32 and is reduced gain, if the gain of radio frequency variable gain amplifier 32 is minimum, reduce gain with regard to ride gain adjustable low-noise amplifier 31, the gain of radio frequency variable gain amplifier 32 is set simultaneously for maximum, and then continues to reduce the gain size of radio frequency variable gain amplifier 32.If it is that amplitude output signal is too small that comparator is output as 00, the gain that feedback is at first controlled radio frequency variable gain amplifier 32 increases, if the gain of radio frequency variable gain amplifier 32 is maximum, the gain of ride gain adjustable low-noise amplifier 31 increases, the gain of 32 radio frequency variable gain amplifiers 32 is set simultaneously for minimum, and then the gain that continues increase radio frequency variable gain amplifier 32 is big or small, if the size of signal is in the stable region amplitude range of design, then keep gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier 31 and radio frequency variable gain amplifier 32 yield values constant.Automatic gain control realizes it mainly being to reduce excessive input signal, the process that too small input signal amplifies, wherein the AGC control module plays the effect of the input signal after amplifying being carried out quantizing after the amplitude detection FEEDBACK CONTROL, RSSI amplitude detection circuit in the AGC control module can detect the intermediate frequency signal amplitude and export the analog quantization voltage swing that obtains corresponding to signal amplitude, comparator can quantize the output voltage of amplitude detection circuit, the height reference voltage that quantizes is provided by DAC, comparator is output as two-bit digital signal, whether the output voltage that two-bit digital signal has characterized this moment surpasses or less than setting requirement, decoder 301 can draw the gain whether needs increase or reduce radio frequency amplifying circuit according to this two-bit digital signal, if need to increase gain, just stepping increase gain on original decoding gain digital controlling value of decoder 301, again new decoding gain digital controlling value is exported to radio-frequency amplifier circuit and controlled its gain size, if need to reduce gain, decoder 301 just on original decoding gain digital controlling value stepping reduce gain, newer decoding gain digital controlling value being exported to radio-frequency amplifier circuit, to control its gain big or small.
The second embodiment
Fig. 4 has provided a kind of radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier of the embodiment of the invention, and this embodiment is the circuit block diagram that the present invention is applied to a kind of radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier formation block diagram of digital television radio-frequency front-end chip.By 41 gain-adjustable low-noise amplifiers, 42 radio frequency variable gain amplifiers, 44,45 down-conversion mixers, 46,47 low pass filters, 51 intensity detection circuit RSSI and 43 radio frequency automatic gain digitial controllers form radio frequency automatic gain control loop, input signal V
INNBe input to gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier 41, amplification through gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier 41, be input to radio frequency variable gain amplifier 42, amplification through radio frequency variable gain amplifier 42, then be converted to intermediate frequency by down-conversion mixer 44, intermediate-freuqncy signal is exported after being amplified by intermediate frequency automatic gain control circuit 48 by after low pass filter 46 filtering again.Wherein the output of low pass filter 46 detects through signal strength detection circuit 50, obtain the output voltage signal relevant with amplitude output signal, offering radio frequency AGC digitial controller 43 judges and processes, radio frequency AGC digitial controller 43 provides the control signal of ride gain adjustable low-noise amplifier 41 and radio frequency variable gain amplifier 42 according to the result who processes.The rf agc amplifier that Fig. 4 provides is the circuit of difference export structure, and the radio frequency automatic gain control loop that provides is the circuit of single channel structure.In the present embodiment, the major function of rf agc amplifier is: the gain of (1) ride gain adjustable low-noise amplifier 41 guarantees input signal is worked in linear the amplification, and the noise factor of the front end of radio circuit can be not excessive.(2) gain of ride gain adjustable low-noise amplifier and rf gain variable amplifier, guarantee under strong input signal condition, gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier 41 in the radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit, the circuit of down-conversion mixer 44 and low pass filter 46 can not work in owing to input signal is excessive saturation condition.After the intermediate-freuqncy signal of the low pass filter 46 among Fig. 4 and 47 output sent intermediate frequency automatic gain control amplifier BB-AGC48 and 49 to do the intermediate frequency amplification, the middle frequency difference sub-signal of radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier output was delivered to the outer digital base band processor chip of sheet.
Fig. 5 provides the gain adjustable low-noise amplification grade circuit pie graph of the one-level difference in the second embodiment radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier.This gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier comprises the difference master's amplifying stage that is made of M1 and M2, difference master's amplifying stage M1 that L1 and R3 and L2 and R4 consist of and the load circuit of M2, the noise reducing structure of being realized by isolated DC capacitor C 1 and C2 and noise decrease inductance, and the low noise bypass structure path that is consisted of by bypass resistance R5 and R6 inline bypass switching tube M3 and M4.Main amplifying stage difference input pipe M1 and M2, differential input end V
INN and V
INP is through isolated DC capacitor C 1 and the C2 corresponding grid that is connected to M1 and M2 separately, load circuit L1 and R3, L2 and R4 be corresponding being connected between the drain electrode and power vd D of differential input stage M1, M2 separately, a be connected in parallel end of noise decrease inductance L 3 of the source electrode of M1 and M2, the other end ground connection of L3, biasing resistor R1, the end of R2 connects respectively the grid of M1 and M2, R1, the other end of R2 is attempted by bias voltage Bias1 end, for M1 and M2 provide bias voltage.Between bias voltage Bias1 end and the ground and meet a short switch pipe M5.Be connected in series by bypass resistance R5 and by-pass switch pipe M3, bypass resistance R6 and by-pass switch pipe M4 and consist of two road low noise bypass paths, correspondence is connected between differential input end and the output.The grid of by-pass switch pipe M3 and M4 and short switch pipe M5 connects bypass control signal Vctrl, and Vctrl is the gain control signal from the output of radio frequency AGC control module.When Vctrl control by-pass switch pipe M3 and M4 conducting, with the direct bypass output of large input signal, simultaneously Vctrl control short switch pipe M5 conducting, to control the gate bias voltage Bias1 of main amplifying stage directly by short switch pipe M5 ground connection, the grid voltage that makes the amplifying stage M1 of winner and M2 is zero, M1 and M2 transistor turn-off, and the low noise amplifier gain is zero.When Vctrl control by-pass switch pipe M3 and M4 and short switch pipe M5 closed, the low noise amplifier gain was current gain value G
LThereby,, realize zero gain and yield value G with the one-level low noise amplifier
LTwo kinds of controls that fixed gain is adjustable.。
This gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier is by the load circuit L1 and the R3 that comprise difference input amplifier tube M1 and M2 and M1, load circuit L2 and the R4 of M2, and biasing circuit and be used for the main amplifying stage M1 of M5 switch of control bias voltage and the path of M2, degenerative noise decrease inductance L 3 and comprise bypass resistance R5, R6 and switching tube M3, the bypass path of M4 forms, be used to input signal to provide two fixed gains to amplify selection function, wherein connect the negative feedback inductor L3 of amplifying stage source electrode for reducing the noise factor of amplifying stage, and the linearity of raising amplifying stage, the by-pass switch pipe M3 of low noise bypass path, the grid of M4 connects gain control signal Vctrl1, the electric current structure separates in the main amplification of the break-make realization path of control signal Vctrl1 control by-pass switch pipe M3 and M4, control signal is controlled the main short switch pipe M5 that amplifies the bias voltage of amplifying stage in the path simultaneously, when the conducting of by-pass switch pipe, amplifying stage is connected bias voltage and is operated in the fixed gain magnifying state in the main amplification path, and connects bypass path.When input signal is large-signal, control signal Vctrl1 control by-pass switch pipe disconnects, the main bias voltage that amplifies the amplifier tube in the path is set to zero, main amplification this moment path blockade, large-signal is directly exported to the input of rear class variable gain amplifier by bypass path with zero gain, the signal of output reduces the noise factor of amplifying stage because not being exaggerated the linearity that keeps good.
The 3rd embodiment
Fig. 6 a is the circuit structure block diagram of the signal strength detector of second embodiment of the invention, and the output signal that provides the intensity detection circuit of Application Example of the present invention compares with VH and VL signal, produces the formation block diagram of digital controlled signal.VH and VL are for providing comparator 62 to realize the needed relatively electricity of subregion judgement, and three inputs of comparator 62 are respectively from the output voltage of amplitude detection circuit 61 and VH and the VL voltage of DAC output.The output signal of amplitude detection circuit 61 and the VH and the VL reference voltage signal that are produced by ADC digital to analog converter 63 are input to three inputs of comparator 62 simultaneously, and comparator 62 provides the output signal code of 2 bits according to the comparative result of three voltage signals.Table 1 is the output signal code table of comparator 2 bits:
Table 1
| The output signal code | 11 | 10 | 00 | 01 |
| Comparative result | It is excessive to gain | It is suitable to gain | It is too small to gain | - |
Output signal code 01 is the situation that can not occur in the table.
Fig. 6 a has provided for input signal and has amplified by radio frequency amplifying circuit, the frequency mixer mixing is again by being in the concrete expression of three kinds of situations after the filter output, be similar to above-mentioned explanation, wherein when the radio frequency amplifying circuit amplification, the gain of indication circuit can also continue to increase when the frequency mixer mixing was in the residential quarter by filter output again, output signal code corresponding to comparator among Fig. 4 is 00, when radio frequency amplifying circuit amplifies, the gain of indication circuit just in time was in the setting range of requirement when the frequency mixer mixing was in the stable region by filter output again, output signal code corresponding to comparator among Fig. 4 is 10, when radio frequency amplifying circuit amplifies, the gain of indication circuit need to reduce to guarantee that excessive signal can so that the circuit of the front end of radio frequency is saturated, not be output as 11 corresponding to comparator among Fig. 4 when the frequency mixer mixing was in excessive district by filter output again.The gain that can control radio-frequency front-end according to such comparative result reaches and can obtain optimum noise factor, purpose that again can the saturation signal front end.
Fig. 6 b show in the embodiment of the invention input voltage and by the relation between the detected output voltage of intensity detection circuit." cross residential quarter " expression is after input signal amplifies among the figure, and the output voltage of amplification is less than VL, and at this moment the voltage that detects of amplitude detection amplifying circuit is low with the comparative result of VL, represents that circuit gain at this moment can also continue increase." stable region " expression is after input signal amplifies among the figure, the output voltage that amplifies is greater than VL, less than VH, at this moment the comparative result of the voltage that detects of amplitude detection amplifying circuit and VL is low for high comparative result with VH, and expression circuit gain at this moment need to keep present yield value constant." excessive district " expression is after input signal amplifies among the figure, and the output voltage of amplification is greater than VH, and at this moment the voltage that detects of amplitude detection amplifying circuit and the comparative result of VH represent that for high circuit gain at this moment needs minimizing.
Fig. 6 c provides the formation block diagram of the amplitude detection circuit in the embodiment of the invention.Shown in Fig. 6 c: the m value is 4 among the embodiment.Amplitude detection circuit is by amplitude limiting amplifier circuit 61, and amplitude detection circuit unit 62 and voltage adder circuit 63 consist of.Amplitude limiting amplifier circuit 61 comprises the limited range enlargement level 602～605 of level Four cascade, amplitude detection circuit unit 62 comprises the amplitude detection level 606～610 of level Four cascade, the difference output end of every grade limited range enlargement level connects the differential input end of the amplitude detection level of corresponding one-level, the difference output end of every grade of amplitude detection level connects the input of voltage adder circuit 63, and the output of voltage adder circuit 63 is last amplitude detection circuit output.Reach capacity after the amplifying circuit amplification of intermediate-freuqncy signal by the limited amplitude of level Four cascade by filter output, the output of the limited range enlargement level of the every one-level all detection by amplitude detection circuit obtains the output with the voltage signal of Amplitude correlation, 63 voltage adder circuits carry out sum operation with the output of each amplitude detection circuit in 62, obtain a voltage signal that can characterize the input signal amplitude size, the size of this voltage signal has directly just characterized the size of input signal.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that and under the prerequisite that does not deviate from broad scope of the present invention, above-described embodiment is made some changes.Thereby the present invention is not limited in disclosed specific embodiment.Its scope should contain core of the present invention and the interior all changes of protection range that appended claims limits.
Claims (10)
1. radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier is characterized in that: the radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier is called for short radio frequency AGC amplifier and comprises that rf receiver unit and radio frequency amplify control unit and intermediate frequency amplifier; Wherein
Described rf receiver unit is by a gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier LNA, a variable gain amplifier PGA, and a down-conversion mixer and a low pass filter consist of; The input of gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier circuit connects radio-frequency input signals RF
INPUTThe output of gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier connects the input of variable gain amplifier, the output of variable gain amplifier connects the input of frequency mixer, the output of frequency mixer connects the input of low pass filter, and the output of low pass filter connects the input that radio frequency amplifies control unit input and next stage digital base band processor chip; Gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier LNA is connected control end and is connected the control signal output that radio frequency amplifies control unit with variable gain amplifier PGA;
It is the AGC control module that described radio frequency amplifies control unit, its input connects the output of the low pass filter of rf receiver unit, the corresponding control end of gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier LNA and the control end of variable gain amplifier PGA of connecting of its two outputs is used for realization to the control of rf receiver unit receiving gain;
The input of described intermediate frequency amplifier connects the output of the low pass filter of rf receiver unit, and its output connects next stage digital base band processor chip, is used for the intermediate-freuqncy signal of low pass filter output is amplified;
Described rf receiver unit and radio frequency amplify control unit and intermediate frequency amplifier is the difference channel structure.
2. radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the electric circuit constitute that described radio frequency amplifies control unit comprises signal strength detector RSSI, digital to analog converter DAC, comparator and demodulator Decoder; Wherein
Described signal strength detector RSSI is signal strength indicator circuit, is used for detecting and indicating the intensity of intermediate-freuqncy signal;
Described digital to analog converter DAC is used for being converted to fixing analog signal voltage with reference to signal;
Described comparator is two input terminal comparators, is used for the fixed signal voltage of signal strength detector output voltage and DAC output is made comparisons, and exports a comparative result;
Described demodulator Decoder is digital demodulating circuit, is used for the digital signal of comparator input is processed the control signal of the concrete gain size of rear decoding output ride gain adjustable low-noise amplifier LNA and variable gain amplifier PGA;
The input of signal strength detector RSSI connects the output of low pass filter, its output connects the signal input part of comparator, the output of digital to analog converter DAC connects the fixed reference potential input of comparator, the input of demodulator Decoder connects the output of comparator, the corresponding control end that connects among LNA and the PGA of two outputs of demodulator Decoder.
3. radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier is by main amplifying stage, load circuit, and noise decrease inductance and low noise bypass structure form; The low noise bypass structure comprises two tunnel bypass resistances that are connected in series and by-pass switch pipe, the two port of two tunnel bypass resistances that are connected in series and by-pass switch pipe should be attempted by between Two-pass DINSAR input and the difference output end, and the control end of by-pass switch pipe connects bypass control signal; The low noise bypass structure also comprises a bias voltage short switch pipe, and bias voltage short switch pipe is attempted by between the biased electrical pressure side and ground of input pipe grid of main amplifying stage, and the control end of short switch pipe connects bypass control signal; By-pass switch pipe and short switch pipe are controlled by bypass control signal simultaneously, control between main amplifying stage Two-pass DINSAR input and the difference output end by bypass resistance of by-pass switch pipe access, control simultaneously main amplifying stage input pipe gate bias voltage directly by short switch pipe ground connection, input pipe is turn-offed, be used for controlling large input signal and export through bypass structure with zero gain and low noise at main amplifying stage, realize that the one-level low noise amplifier provides zero gain or fixed gain G
LThe controlled coarse adjustment of two kinds of yield values is selected: G
LValue is several times as much as the gain step value of variable gain amplifier PGA.
4. radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described variable gain amplifier comprises several variable gain amplification grade circuits; Each variable gain amplifying stage has gain control end, and the gain control end of each variable gain amplifying stage connects the same control signal output that radio frequency amplifies control unit, and this control signal is digital controlled signal;
Several variable gain amplification grade circuits are the differential series syndeton, two-way radio-frequency differential input signal connects two differential input ends of first order variable gain amplification grade circuit, and two difference output ends of final stage variable gain amplification grade circuit connect radio frequency and amplify control unit input and digital baseband chip differential input end; Each variable gain amplifying stage is that identical current gain value is the gain step value G of adjustable gain amplifier
S, the maxgain value of variable gain amplifier is mG
S, m is the positive integer greater than 2.
5. radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described signal strength detector is the signal strength detection sample circuit, it is made of jointly amplitude detection circuit and comparator circuit and DAC circuit; The intermediate-freuqncy signal IFInput of input range testing circuit connects the input of amplitude detection circuit, the output of amplitude detection circuit connects the comparison signal input of comparator, the output of two reference voltage VL, the VH of DAC connects two reference signal inputs of comparator, and the output of comparator forms the signal strength detection quantized value.
6. radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described amplitude detection circuit is made of amplitude limiting amplifier circuit and the voltage adder circuit of amplitude detection unit, multi-stage cascade, every grade of corresponding detection signal end that connects the amplitude detection unit that detects of amplitude limiting amplifier circuit output, the output of amplitude detection unit connects voltage adder circuit, and the output of voltage adder circuit is the output of amplitude detection circuit; Amplitude detection unit again by the voltage adder circuit addition, obtains reacting the voltage signal of amplitude output signal size for detection of the output size that goes out every grade of limited amplitude amplifying circuit.
7. radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described comparator circuit is the 2bit digital comparator, input connects the output port of signal strength detector, the voltage ratios that the output voltage of signal strength signal intensity is different from two height, obtain the digital output signal of 2bit, adopt the size of structure signal strength signal intensity output voltage relatively, when comparator output 11 represents that signal strength signal intensities are greater than high voltage VH, when the output 10 expression signal strength signal intensities of comparator meet the demands between VL and VH, do not satisfy to set and require less than VL when comparator is output as 00 expression signal strength signal intensity.
8. radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described gain control digital module is feedback control loop, with the gain size of the gain-variable unit before the output numeric results FEEDBACK CONTROL of comparator and the height change in gain of gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier.
9. radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described low pass filter is quadravalence low-pass filter structure structure, consisted of by resistive degeneration and electric capacity and amplifier unit, its input receives the output signal from frequency mixer, the radio-frequency component in the filtered signal.
10. described radio frequency automatic gain control amplifier according to claim 2-9, wherein be characterised in that: the control signal end of described gain control digital module connects the gain control end of gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier and variable gain amplifier, the control signal of gain control digital module output is carried out in order control, the current gain value G of gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier to the gain of gain-adjustable low-noise amplifier and variable gain amplifier
LWith variable gain amplifier gain step value G
SBe indoor design fixed value, G
L=nG
S, n is the positive integer greater than 2.
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