CN102863993A - 甲醇汽油核心母液及甲醇汽油 - Google Patents

甲醇汽油核心母液及甲醇汽油 Download PDF

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CN102863993A
CN102863993A CN2012103881308A CN201210388130A CN102863993A CN 102863993 A CN102863993 A CN 102863993A CN 2012103881308 A CN2012103881308 A CN 2012103881308A CN 201210388130 A CN201210388130 A CN 201210388130A CN 102863993 A CN102863993 A CN 102863993A
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CN102863993B (zh
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陈茂高
严锦明
李裕生
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Zhao Jianhang
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陈茂高
李裕生
严锦明
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种甲醇汽油核心母液以及用该母液配制的甲醇汽油。其由下列用质量百分比含量表示的各组份组成：A液：正辛烷30-40％，甲基叔丁基醚30-40％，异丁醇25-35％；B液：无水乙醇20-30％，硝酸铵10-15％，硝基稀释剂22-32％，乙二醇乙醚13-17％，二甲苯15-25％；C液：硝基乙烷20-30％，甲基环己烷23-33％，甲基萘20-30％，苯甲醇18-25％；D液：正庚醇25-35％，三氟甲苯30-40％，正辛醇30-40％；E液：异丙醇43-53％，防锈剂T702 15-20％，清净剂T106 13-17％，清净剂T102 15-25％；F液：正丁醇50-60％，防锈剂T747 20-30％，防锈剂T706 15-25％；G液：异丁醇15-25％，抗氧防胶剂T502 30-40％，异戊醛4-6％，吗啉12-17％，异丙苯20-30％。本发明在节能降耗、减少排放、提高热值、提高燃油、经济性等都优于传统汽油。

Description

甲醇汽油核心母液及甲醇汽油
技术领域
本发明涉及一种甲醇汽油核心母液以及用该母液配制的甲醇汽油。
背景技术
根据《BP世界能源统计年鉴》的自资料，截至2011年年底，全球石油储量约为1.653万亿桶，若按照现在全球每天非常保守的0.8亿桶的消耗速度来看，当前的世界石油储量可供全球消费54年。
石油作为一种有限资源，面对世界工业化的发展及汽车的大量使用，其资源会越来越紧张；石油价格从上世纪末的10.58美元上涨到现在的100美元，上涨速度之快，是石油史上罕见的，在其它大宗资源类产品涨幅中更是少见的。石油价格的飙升迫使世界各国千方百计寻找替代能源燃料。
我国石油储量仅占世界3％等，而石油消费猛增、家用车增多、经济成本加大，因此，我国的能源专家一致认为，必须实施能源安全战略，千方百计研究发展石油替代燃料。近二十多年来，我国加快了能源战略的实施步伐，大力寻求和发展替代石油的燃料。
中国是贫油、少气、富煤的国家。从我国国情出发，从煤基能源上寻找替代的清洁能源，是解决能源安全和可持续发展问题的重要途径。另一方面，随着汽车工业的飞速发展，带来城乡汽车的迅猛增加，汽车燃料汽油的大量使用，尾气排放给大气环境造成严重污染，严重威胁着人类的生存环境。因此，大剂量大比例替代车用清洁燃料应运而生，以解决过分依赖石油的现状及愈来愈重视的环保问题。其中应用最多、发展最快的是甲醇汽油。由于甲醇来源广泛，且燃料干净，对环境污染小，深受汽车行业的普遍关注。因此发展甲醇替代汽车燃料势在必行。
我国自行设计、制造和运行大型甲醇装置已积累了足够的技术基础：水煤浆为原料的大型气化炉已运行多年，可实现长周期运转；新型水煤浆气化炉与干煤加压气化炉正在积极开发中；各种低能耗的天然气蒸汽转化技术均已掌握；低成本以空气为气化剂的天然气转化制合成气技术已经开发；多种的脱碳、脱硫工艺已成熟用于工业生产；变换、精脱硫、甲醇合成催化剂均已国产化；新型甲醇合成反应器已形成专利技术；精馏装备已达到节能和优化水平。目前国内已掌握了建设10万-30万t/a单系列甲醇装置的设计技术。因此，利用煤或天然气生产甲醇，原料来源丰富，生产技术成熟，甲醇价格合理；甲醇汽油是一种高辛烷值燃料。在常温下，甲醇是液体，其储存、输送、使用都和汽油、柴油一样方便。添加甲醇可显著降低有害物的排放量，是一种清洁的车用燃料。甲醇汽油经发动机燃烧比燃烧90号汽油的排气中有害物少，对环境污染的影响也轻，美国「DOC」研究中心对10种汽车使用含甲醇5％-10％的汽油行驶实验结果表明，在一般汽油发动机上用甲醇汽油时，燃烧排气中的一氧化碳比汽油减少了30％左右，氮氧化物比用汽油时减少30％-50％，未燃烧碳氢化物减少30％-60％。甲醇汽油的开发有利于城市的环境保护。甲醇是21世纪最有希望的清洁燃料。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种高效低碳的甲醇燃料核心母液，其与甲醇混合，可代替汽油，使汽车在不改变结构的情况下正常行驶。
本发明的技术方案如下：
1、一种甲醇汽油核心母液，由下列用质量百分比含量表示的各组份组成：
A液：
正辛烷30-40％，甲基叔丁基醚30-40％，异丁醇25-35％；
B液：
无水乙醇20-30％，硝酸铵10-15％，硝基稀释剂22-32％，乙二醇乙醚13-17％，二甲苯15-25％；
C液：
硝基乙烷20-30％，甲基环己烷23-33％，甲基萘20-30％，苯甲醇18-25％；
D液：
正庚醇25-35％，三氟甲苯30-40％，正辛醇30-40％；
E液：
异丙醇43-53％，防锈剂T702 15-20％，清净剂T106 13-17％，清净剂T102 15-25％；
F液：
正丁醇50-60％，防锈剂T747 20-30％，防锈剂T706 15-25％；
G液：
异丁醇15-25％，抗氧防胶剂T502 30-40％，异戊醛4-6％，吗啉12-17％，异丙苯20-30％；
按上述A、B、C、D、E、F、G各液体组合物的组成分别配制各液，然后在常温常压下分别搅拌20-40分钟，再将各液体组合物以等比例±5％的比例混合在一起，或以各液体组合物等比例±5％的比例混合集中搅拌20-40分钟，即得甲醇汽油核心母液。
优选的是，各液体组合物的质量百分比含量如下：
A液：
正辛烷35％，甲基叔丁基醚35％，异丁醇30％。
B液：
无水乙醇25％，硝酸铵13％，硝基稀释剂27％，乙二醇乙醚15％，二甲苯20％。
C液：
硝基乙烷25％，甲基环己烷28％，甲基萘25％，苯甲醇22％。
D液：
正庚醇30％，三氟甲苯35％，正辛醇35％。
E液：
异丙醇48％，防锈剂T702 17％，清净剂T106 15％，清净剂T102 20％。
F液：
正丁醇55％，防锈剂T747 25％，防锈剂T706 20％。
G液：
异丁醇20％，抗氧防胶剂T502 35％，异戊醛5％，吗啉15％，异丙苯25％。
本发明还提供了一种甲醇汽油，其由如下方法制备而成：
(1)前述甲醇汽油核心母液4-8％与甲醇92-96％混合，搅拌均匀，反应20-40分钟得变性醇；
(2)将所述变性醇以15-35％的比例与国标汽油或组份油或石脑油65-85％混合搅拌均匀，反应20-40分钟，得到所述的甲醇汽油；
所述甲醇为含量99.5-99.9％以上的精醇。
优选的是，所述变性醇以15％的比例与国标汽油或组份油或石脑油85％混合；
优选的是，所述变性醇以25％的比例与国标汽油或组份油或石脑油75％混合；
优选的是，所述变性醇以30％的比例与国标汽油或组份油或石脑油70％混合；
优选的是，所述变性醇以35％的比例与国标汽油或组份油或石脑油65％混合；
优选的是，所述国标汽油为90#、93#国标汽油。
本发明的核心母液及用该核心母液配制的甲醇汽油具有以下特点：
1、独特的加快燃烧速度的功能。甲醇不同于汽油，汽油的闪点很低(负46度)其燃烧速度非常快，甲醇较汽油闪点高(12度)，其燃烧速度较汽油慢，不适应汽油发动机的燃烧特性，所以单烧或掺烧甲醇有一定的困难，由于目前绝大部分汽车都是以传统汽油的燃烧特性设置的，而用所发明的高效低碳甲醇汽油核心母液配制成的甲醇汽油供汽车正常使用，解决了甲醇有效替代汽油的难题。
2、独特的抗温功能。可适应的温差大，能在零下四十度的低温下和零上四十六度高温下正常使用，从根本上解决低温不分项、低温易启动、高温不气阻的现象，体现了对南北气候的适应性。
3、独特的抗水功能。不但能够抵御空气中所吸收的水分，而且可抵御储缸中缸底所积蓄的水分，并遇到外来稍大量的水分也能吸附掉，不会使油剂分项，不乳化变质，最大抗水量(吸附能力)在1.5％-2％之间。无需经过搅拌或打循环就能把这些水分吸收掉。
4、独特的平顺性，加速性能好，动力强劲。本发明的核心母液调配而成的高效低碳甲醇汽油辛烷值达100以上，抗爆性好、燃烧充分、排气完全，同时使燃料在燃烧时的热值整体提升。
5、无需改动发动机任何部件，无需增加任何设备就能使用本发明的核心母液调配而成的高效低碳甲醇汽油。加油站无需另外增加加油设备，车辆也无需任何改动即可混合加注，与国标汽油、乙醇汽油达到任意互溶，可单独使用或交替互换使用。
6、使用本发明的核心母液调配而成的高效低碳甲醇汽油，其噪音低于使用国标汽油的车辆，各种排放物都远低于使用国标汽油车辆的排放。
本发明的核心母液的特点在于它调配的高效低碳甲醇汽油具有良好的适应性、平顺性、动力性、经济性、环保性和安全性。其贮存期长、制作工艺简单、常温常压、操作方便。核心母液与甲醇反应充分后调配而成的高效低碳甲醇汽油，可适应任何汽车使用，目前在国内外居于技术领先地位。
具体实施方式
下面实施例说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例：
(1)首先制备甲醇核心剂母液的各液体组合物，各液质量百分比含量组成如下：
A液：
正辛烷35％，甲基叔丁基醚35％，异丁醇30％。
B液：
无水乙醇25％，硝酸铵13％，硝基稀释剂27％，乙二醇乙醚15％，二甲苯20％。
C液：
硝基乙烷25％，甲基环己烷28％，甲基萘25％，苯甲醇22％。
D液：
正庚醇30％，三氟甲苯35％，正辛醇35％。
E液：
异丙醇48％，防锈剂T702 17％，清净剂T106 15％，清净剂T102 20％。
F液：
正丁醇55％，防锈剂T747 25％，防锈剂T706 20％。
G液：
异丁醇20％，抗氧防胶剂T502 35％，异戊醛5％，吗啉15％，异丙苯25％。
本发明中的各种添加剂--防锈剂、清净剂、抗氧防胶剂多有市售，如无锡南方石油添加剂有限公司、深圳市鸿庆泰石油添加剂有限公司、锦州新兴石油添加剂责任有限公司都生产这些产品。本实施例选用的是深圳市鸿庆泰石油添加剂有限公司的产品。
按上述A、B、C、D、E、F、G各液的组成分别配制各液，然后在常温常压下分别搅拌30分钟，再将各液等比例混合在一起即得甲醇汽油核心母液。
本实施例采用的是各液体组合物等比例混合在一起，即每种液体组合物在甲醇汽油核心母液中所占的比例为14.29％。该比例可在14.29％±5％之间浮动，即在9.29-19.29％之间浮动。
(2)将甲醇汽油核心母液4％与甲醇96％混合，搅拌均匀，反应30分钟得变性醇；
(3)将所述变性醇分别以15％、25％、30％、35％的比例与93#国标汽油85％、75％、70％、65％混合搅拌均匀，反应30分钟，得到所述的甲醇汽油，型号分别为M15、M25、M30、M35；
所述甲醇为含量99.5-99.9％以上的精醇。
其中M15、M30甲醇汽油的各项指标经国家车用乙醇汽油质量监督检验中心检验，结果如下：
检验依据 Q/320206EMRW01-2011
检验结论 所检项目符合Q/320206EMRW01-2011标准要求
主要设备 6-230辛烷值机
规格型号 M15
Figure BSA00000788628900061
Figure BSA00000788628900071
规格型号 M30
Figure BSA00000788628900072
燃烧排放物情况，经北京理工大学汽车动力性与排放测试国家专业实验室测试，结果如下：
试验用车 桑塔纳Vsita
1、非常规污染物排放
 测试内容  93#标准汽油  M15甲醇汽油  M30甲醇汽油
 甲醛   2.569   1.156   2.195
 乙醛   1.390   0.442   0.476
 丙烯醛+丙酮   0.980   0.379   0.373
 丙醛   0.437   0.196   0.191
 丁烯醛   0   0   0
 丁酮   0   0   0
 甲基丙烯醛   0.862   0.368   0.376
 丁醛   0.4   0   0
 苯甲醛   0.184   0   0
 戊醛   0   0   0
 甲基苯甲醛   0   0   0
 环己酮   0   0   0
 乙醛   0   0   0
 总量   6.822   2.541   3.611
从上表中可以看出，M15、M30甲醇汽油的非常规污染物均低于93#标准汽油的非常规污染物。
2、常规污染物排放
  测试内容  93#标准汽油  M15甲醇汽油  M30甲醇汽油
  CO2   185.47   189.92   186.67
  CO   2.258   0.371   0.279
  HC   0.617   0.056   0.046
  NOX   0.148   0.115   0.141
  碳排放总量   188.345   190.347   186.995
从表中可以看出，本发明甲醇汽油的CO、HC的排量和标准汽油相比都是呈下降趋势，且大幅度下降，M15、M30的NOX和标准汽油相比都呈下降趋势。
表中CO2排放略微走高的趋势是由冷车启动的前90秒钟温度低时生成的，但过了90秒钟发动机温度上升到40℃后就会大幅度下降。
3、百公里平均等速油耗(单位：升)
Figure BSA00000788628900091
Figure BSA00000788628900101
可见，油耗与93#标准汽油基本相同。
另外，将上述实施例的甲醇燃料用于替代汽油，加注在汽车上，经数千人试驾体验，均反映驾车感觉与使用汽油无异。
结果表明，本发明提供了一种高效低碳的甲醇汽油核心母液，其在常温常压下反应，调整改变了甲醇汽油的性质，使其在发动机中的燃烧速度、气化潜热、抗爆性、加速性及抗水、抗冻、抗腐蚀、抗溶胀、抗气阻和冷、热车启动等方面的性能均达到或超过国标汽油，并解决了传统中比例甲醇掺烧出现的腐蚀、溶胀、动力下降、油耗增高、吸湿分层变质、低温启动困难、高温出现气阻等技术难题，达到节能降耗、减少排放、提高热值、提高燃油经济性等都优于传统汽油。

Claims (7)

1.一种甲醇汽油核心母液，其特征在于：由下列用质量百分比含量表示的各液体组合物组成：
A液：
正辛烷30-40％，甲基叔丁基醚30-40％，异丁醇25-35％；
B液：
无水乙醇20-30％，硝酸铵10-15％，硝基稀释剂22-32％，乙二醇乙醚13-17％，二甲苯15-25％；
C液：
硝基乙烷20-30％，甲基环己烷23-33％，甲基萘20-30％，苯甲醇18-25％；
D液：
正庚醇25-35％，三氟甲苯30-40％，正辛醇30-40％；
E液：
异丙醇43-53％，防锈剂T702 15-20％，清净剂T106 13-17％，清净剂T102 15-25％；
F液：
正丁醇50-60％，防锈剂T747 20-30％，防锈剂T706 15-25％；
G液：
异丁醇15-25％，抗氧防胶剂T502 30-40％，异戊醛4-6％，吗啉12-17％，异丙苯20-30％；
按上述A、B、C、D、E、F、G各液体组合物的组成分别配制各液，然后在常温常压下分别搅拌20-40分钟，再将各液体组合物以等比例±5％的比例混合在一起，或以各液体组合物等比例±5％的比例混合集中搅拌20-40分钟，即得甲醇汽油核心母液。
2.权利要求1所述的甲醇汽油核心母液，其特征在于：各液体组合物的质量百分比含量如下：
A液：
正辛烷35％，甲基叔丁基醚35％，异丁醇30％；
B液：
无水乙醇25％，硝酸铵13％，硝基稀释剂27％，乙二醇乙醚15％，二甲苯20％；
C液：
硝基乙烷25％，甲基环己烷28％，甲基萘25％，苯甲醇22％；
D液：
正庚醇30％，三氟甲苯35％，正辛醇35％；
E液：
异丙醇48％，防锈剂T702 17％，清净剂T106 15％，清净剂T102 20％；
F液：
正丁醇55％，防锈剂T747 25％，防锈剂T706 20％；
G液：
异丁醇20％，抗氧防胶剂T502 35％，异戊醛5％，吗啉15％，异丙苯25％。
3.一种甲醇汽油，其特征在于由如下方法制备而成：
(1)将权利要求1或2所述的甲醇汽油核心母液4-8％与甲醇92-96％混合，搅拌均匀，反应20-40分钟得变性醇；
(2)将所述变性醇以15-35％的比例与国标汽油或组份油或石脑油65-85％混合搅拌均匀，反应20-40分钟，得到所述的甲醇汽油；
所述甲醇为含量99.5-99.9％以上的精醇。
4.如权利要求3所述的甲醇汽油，其特征在于：
所述变性醇以15％的比例与国标汽油或组份油或石脑油85％混合。
5.如权利要求3所述的甲醇汽油，其特征在于：
所述变性醇以25％的比例与国标汽油或组份油或石脑油75％混合。
6.如权利要求3所述的甲醇汽油，其特征在于：
所述变性醇以30％的比例与国标汽油或组份油或石脑油70％混合。
7.如权利要求3所述的甲醇汽油，其特征在于：
所述变性醇以35％的比例与国标汽油或组份油或石脑油65％混合。
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CN102161919A (zh) * 2011-03-25 2011-08-24 山西丰喜新能源开发有限公司 车用高比例甲醇汽油
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CN109897679A (zh) * 2019-04-19 2019-06-18 何锦程 一种甲醇燃料
CN110205169A (zh) * 2019-06-14 2019-09-06 浙江赛孚能源科技有限公司 一种高稳定甲醇汽油

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