CN102854056A - Material low-temperature mechanics performance testing device using refrigerator as cold source - Google Patents

Material low-temperature mechanics performance testing device using refrigerator as cold source Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102854056A
CN102854056A CN2012103480497A CN201210348049A CN102854056A CN 102854056 A CN102854056 A CN 102854056A CN 2012103480497 A CN2012103480497 A CN 2012103480497A CN 201210348049 A CN201210348049 A CN 201210348049A CN 102854056 A CN102854056 A CN 102854056A
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mechanics
temperature
refrigeration machine
low
machine
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黄荣进
李来风
徐冬
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Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CAS
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Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a material low-temperature mechanics performance testing device using a refrigerator as a cold source. The device comprises a vacuum heat preservation barrel, a test sample cavity, a heat radiation preventing barrel, an outer gas storage bag and the refrigerator, wherein the vacuum heat preservation barrel is placed on a base in a universal material testing machine; the test sample cavity is arranged in an internally-built temperature controller which is arranged in the heat preservation barrel; the test sample cavity covers the heat radiation preventing barrel which is positioned in the heat preservation barrel; helium is arranged in the outer gas storage bag which is communicated with the test sample cavity; a sample to be tested is rigidly connected with a mechanics support frame by a measuring clamp and moves up and down; the testing machine is provided with a mechanics and displacement sensor and supplies the mechanics power source for the test sample to be tested; the mechanics support frame transmits a mechanics signal and a displacement signal of the test sample to be tested to a mechanics sensor and a displacement sensor; the refrigerator is arranged in the heat preservation barrel; a cooling head is in contact with the test sample cavity by virtue of bridge connection; and cold energy is supplied to the test sample cavity. By utilizing the device, the refrigerator is used as the cold source, liquid helium or liquid nitrogen are not needed to be consumed, so that the material mechanics test of any of the temperature points in the temperature area of 4.2-300K can be realized; and moreover, the temperature is accurately controlled, and the device has a simple structure, and is easy to operate and high in efficiency.

Description

Refrigeration machine is done the material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device of low-temperature receiver
Technical field
The present invention relates to material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device, relate in particular to and a kind ofly be applicable to low temperature environment (refrigeration machine under the 4.2K~300K) is done the material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device of low-temperature receiver.
Background technology
Along with the development in the fields such as China's hydrogen energy source, nuclear fusion energy, Aero-Space, application superconduction, gas industry and some big science engineerings, the project that relates to cryogenic engineering is more and more.Increasing to the demand of cryogenic material in industry and scientific research field, more and more comprehensive to the performance data requirement of cryogenic material.Material is worked under low temperature environment, and its low-temperature physical property is different from the normal temperature performance usually.Wherein, material mechanical performance is an important performance indexes of material or workpiece in the engineering.Test material mechanical property at low temperatures has great importance to material at low temperature performance study and optimization modification, and is also most important to design and the safe handling of cryogenic components.And to realize that minimum temperature arrives the Mechanics Performance Testing of 4.2K, must have the low-temperature receiver that can arrive the 4.2K temperature.Present domestic material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device all adopts cryogenic liquid (liquid nitrogen 77K or liquid helium four .2K) as low-temperature receiver; During work the cryogenic liquid in the cryogenic liquid vessel (liquid nitrogen 77K or liquid helium four .2K) is input in the vacuum interlayer Dewar, cryogenic liquid is used the temperature of control cryomechanics bracing frame and testing sample again with cryomechanics bracing frame and testing sample cooling by temperature controller and low temp liquid evaporator.Cryogenic liquid becomes gas and discharges from the gas outlet subsequently.Therefore, this proving installation can consume a large amount of liquid nitrogen or liquid helium at work; Carry out the following warm area material mechanical performance test of 77K at every turn and all must consume a large amount of liquid heliums, as, carrying out a 4.2K temperature environment tensile property test needs to consume 20 liters of liquid heliums, and 4.2K compression, bending property test are more than 30 liters because of the complicated liquid helium that consumes of anchor clamps then.Helium is non-renewable resources valuable on the earth, present global amount of helium about 400 billion cubic meters that distribute, and wherein the U.S. accounts for more than 75%, and Algeria accounts for 12%, Russia about 6%.The consumption of whole world helium is annual 1.65 billion cubic meters, and increases rapidly with 10% rate of growth, and wherein Chinese every Year's consumption accounts for 6% of the whole world, consumes rate of growth up to 20%.China's helium resource is quite poor, and content is very low, is difficult to extract serious dependence on import.But, be that strategic materials limit raw helium output from 2007 owing to the U.S. appraises and decides helium, carry out ration system, cut down user's use amount, simultaneously based on strategic concerns, Algeria has closed helium exploitation station, and the U.S. also is about to close one.This causes the maximum helium production in the whole world and supplier's Praxair and BOC Co. with one times of helium upward price adjustment, make the price of liquid helium by original 60~80 yuan/every liter, increase to present 200 yuan/more than every liter, even the NMR imaging instrument of some hospital temporarily need be with the rise in price of liquid helium to nearly 300 yuan/every liter, and the import of helium resource is subject to more and more stricter control.For example, the first half of the year in 2008, the helium cut-off greatly affects carrying out of China's low temperature research work.Can estimate that following helium import meeting is subject to stricter control, the when the time comes a large amount of low temperature research work of China will be subjected to the under-supply restriction of liquid helium.
The defective of present material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device is seriously to rely on liquid nitrogen or liquid helium resource, high, the complicated operation of cost.Therefore, develop a kind of with refrigeration machine as low-temperature receiver, the material at low temperature mechanical test equipment that need not to consume liquid nitrogen or liquid helium has very important theoretical significance and actual application value.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of refrigeration machine to do the material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device of low-temperature receiver, with defectives such as the serious dependence liquid nitrogen that overcomes current material cryogenic mechanics performance proving installation or liquid helium resource, cost height, complicated operations.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Provided by the inventionly do the material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device of low-temperature receiver with refrigeration machine, it comprises:
One place universal testing machine interior mechanics bracing frame under vacuum insulation pail on the base;
One is loaded on the sample chamber that temperature controller is equipped with in inside within the described vacuum insulation pail;
One covers in described sample chamber wherein, and is positioned at the thermal radiation resistant bucket within the described vacuum insulation pail;
Cold head, thermal radiation resistant cylinder and sample chamber that described vacuum insulation pail is used for the sealing refrigeration machine make it with extraneous adiabatic;
The external gas-storing bag of one in-built helium; Described external gas-storing bag is connected with described sample chamber by gas piping, to be used for to sample chamber conveying and gas recovery;
Measured material and the mechanics bracing frame of universal testing machine of sample to be tested by the clamping sample to be tested is rigidly connected and move up and down, and is used for transmitting acting force from universal testing machine to sample to be tested;
Described universal testing machine has mechanics sensor and displacement transducer, and provides the mechanics power source for sample to be tested;
Mechanics sensor and displacement transducer that described mechanics bracing frame passes to universal testing machine with mechanical signal and the displacement signal of sample to be tested; Characteristics are, also comprise:
One refrigeration machine; Described refrigeration machine cold head places within the described vacuum insulation pail, connects with described sample chamber by bridging to contact, for sample chamber provides cold.
The one-level cold head of described refrigeration machine is connected by heat bridge with the thermal radiation resistant cylinder, and provides cold for it; The secondary cold head of refrigeration machine is connected by heat bridge with sample chamber, and provides cold for it.
The measured material of described clamping sample to be tested can be installed the sample to be tested of static stretch, static compression, static buckling, static shear, drawingand pressing fatigue, tensile fatigue, compression fatigue, bending fatigue or fracturing mechanics.
Described temperature controller is controlled by outer computer.Described temperature controller is ring-type temperature controller or bar-shaped temperature controller.
Described refrigeration machine is the refrigeration unit of separate unit refrigeration machine or many parallel connections.
Described refrigeration machine is G-M refrigeration machine, pulse tube refrigerating machine, sterlin refrigerator or other small-sized Cryo Refrigerators.
Described universal testing machine is electronic universal material testing machine or hydraulic servo material mechanical test machine.
Compared with prior art, the advantage that refrigeration machine of the present invention is done the material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device of low-temperature receiver is: with refrigeration machine as low-temperature receiver, helium in the sample chamber is only as special thermal medium, during cooling, can automatically from gas-storing bag, flow in the sample chamber, can automatically be back to the gas-storing bag from sample chamber during intensification, lose hardly helium; So do not need to consume liquid nitrogen, liquid helium and other cryogenic liquid, just can carry out the material mechanical performance data test that minimum temperature reaches 4.2K, and be used the material mechanical performance data test that to realize arbitrary temp point in 4.2K~300K warm area by refrigeration machine and temperature controller, and temperature control is accurate, simple in structure, reliability is high, easy to operate, efficient is high.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device that the present invention's (embodiment) refrigeration machine is done low-temperature receiver is in test mode;
Fig. 2 is that material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device that the present invention's (embodiment) refrigeration machine is done low-temperature receiver is in the structural representation when not testing.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device that the present invention's (embodiment) refrigeration machine is done low-temperature receiver is in test mode; Fig. 2 is that material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device that the present invention's (embodiment) refrigeration machine is done low-temperature receiver is in the structural representation when not testing; As seen from the figure, provided by the inventionly do the material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device of low-temperature receiver with refrigeration machine, it comprises:
One place universal testing machine 1 interior mechanics bracing frame 2 under vacuum insulation pail 5 on the base;
One is loaded on the sample chamber 7 that temperature controller 8 is equipped with in inside within the described vacuum insulation pail 5; Described temperature controller 8 is ring-type temperature controller or bar-shaped temperature controller.
One covers in described sample chamber 7 wherein, and is positioned at the thermal radiation resistant bucket 6 within the described vacuum insulation pail 5;
Cold head, thermal radiation resistant cylinder 6 and the sample chamber 7 that described vacuum insulation pail 5 is used for sealing refrigeration machine 4 makes it with extraneous adiabatic;
The external gas-storing bag 10 of one in-built helium; Described external gas-storing bag 10 is connected with described sample chamber 7 by gas piping (3), to be used for to sample chamber 7 conveying and gas recoveries;
Anchor clamps and the mechanics bracing frame 2 of universal testing machine 1 of sample to be tested 9 by clamping sample to be tested 9 is rigidly connected and move up and down, and is used for transmitting acting force from universal testing machine 1 to sample to be tested 9;
Described universal testing machine 1 has mechanics sensor and displacement transducer, and provides the mechanics power source for sample to be tested;
Mechanics sensor and displacement transducer that described mechanics bracing frame 2 passes to universal testing machine 1 with mechanical signal and the displacement signal of sample to be tested 9; It is characterized in that, also comprise:
One refrigeration machine 4; Described refrigeration machine 4 cold heads place within the described vacuum insulation pail 5, connect with described sample chamber 7 by bridging to contact, for sample chamber 7 provides cold.
Several critical pieces involved in the present invention will not explain at this for system or element (for example vacuum insulation pail, gas piping) that those of ordinary skills know.
Universal testing machine 1 provides mechanics power source (being loading force) for sample to be tested 9, and universal testing machine 1 comprises mechanics sensor and displacement transducer; Mechanics sensor is in order to measure the loading force size, and displacement transducer is in order to measure the deformational displacement of sample to be tested 9; Usually, this universal testing machine 1 comprises movably header portion or actuator part, and immovable base portion; Cryomechanics bracing frame 2 is rigidly connected with the header portion of universal testing machine 1, and the header portion with universal testing machine 1 moves up and down, its effect is to support sample to be tested 9, and the acting force of transmission sample testing process, acting force is delivered to the low temperature environment from room temperature, acts on the sample to be tested 9; Particularly, cryomechanics bracing frame 2 passes to sample to be tested 9 with the mechanics power source of universal testing machine 1, simultaneously the mechanical signal of sample to be tested 9 and displacement signal is passed to respectively mechanics sensor and displacement transducer on the universal testing machine 1; Sample to be tested 9 is contained in the measured material of cryomechanics bracing frame 2, cryomechanics bracing frame 2 with can be different measured material, so that for example static stretch, static compression, static buckling, static shear, drawingand pressing fatigue, tensile fatigue, compression fatigue, bending fatigue or fracturing mechanics (Kic, Jic) specimen to be installed; Sample chamber 7 is embedded in the vacuum insulation pail 5, make vacuum insulation pail 5 form an airtight vacuum environment, the low temperature cold head of refrigeration machine 4 is inserted in this vacuum environment, the low temperature one-level cold head of refrigeration machine 4 and thermal radiation resistant cylinder 6 connect by heat bridge, cold is passed to thermal radiation resistant cylinder 6, the low temperature secondary cold head of refrigeration machine 4 and sample chamber 7 connect by heat bridge, and cold is passed to sample chamber 7; Vacuum heat-preserving cylinder 5 is arranged on cryomechanics bracing frame 2 belows, when cryomechanics bracing frame 2 moves down setup test, the flange of cryomechanics bracing frame 2 can form sealing with sample chamber 7, thereby the heat transfer environment of sealing is provided for cryomechanics bracing frame 2, temperature controller 8, sample to be tested 9.Temperature controller 8 is used for the environment temperature around the Quality control, in the present embodiment, adopts to be arranged on sample chamber 7 ring-type temperature controller on every side.In other embodiments, also can adopt the temperature controller of other shapes, such as bar-shaped temperature controller etc.Preferably, temperature controller 8 is by outer computer control, and it can feed back to the temperature information that collects outer computer in monitoring temperature, and operating personnel can be by the Real Time Monitoring of outer computer realization to the environment temperature around the sample.Gas-storing bag 10 is used for the storage helium, and it is arranged on universal testing machine 1 outside.Gas piping 3 is used for being communicated with gas-storing bag 10 and sample chamber 7, is used for carrying gas and gas recovery to gas-storing bag 10 to sample chamber 7.
Below be the operating process that refrigeration machine according to the above embodiment of the present invention is made the material mechanical performance proving installation of low-temperature receiver:
At first sample to be tested 9 is installed on the cryomechanics bracing frame 2, universal testing machine 1 crossbeam is risen together with cryomechanics bracing frame 2, to be positioned over the vacuum insulation pail 5 of refrigeration machine 4 and sample chamber 7 cryomechanics bracing frame 2 belows (such as Fig. 2), universal testing machine 1 crossbeam is landed together with cryomechanics bracing frame 2, make cryomechanics bracing frame 2, be in (such as Fig. 1) in the sample chamber 7, available bolt is fixing with cryomechanics bracing frame 2 with sample chamber 7, cryomechanics bracing frame 2 lower parts are sealed in the sample chamber 7, gas piping 3 one ends are connected gas-storing bag 10, when cooling, by gas piping 3 gas in the gas-storing bag 10 is delivered in the sample chamber 7, when cooling, by gas piping 3 gas in the sample chamber 7 is delivered to gas-storing bag 10.Open refrigeration machine 4, cold is passed to sample chamber 7, by the gas in the sample chamber 7 cold is passed on cryomechanics bracing frame 2 and the sample to be tested 9 again.By computer control temperature controller 8, the environment temperature around Quality control and the sample, when reach predetermined temperature and stable after, open universal testing machine 1, carry out Mechanics Performance Testing.
This shows that refrigeration machine of the present invention is done the material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device of low-temperature receiver take universal testing machine as the basis, utilizes refrigeration machine to make low-temperature receiver and cooperates with temperature controller, realizes low temperature environment (4.2~300K) times material mechanical performance DATA REASONING.Therefore, the present invention is mainly used in (under 4.2~300K) environment sample to be tested (material sample or workpiece) being carried out the mechanical property measurement at low temperature, compare with traditional mechanical property measuring device, the material mechanical performance proving installation that refrigeration machine of the present invention is done low-temperature receiver has, do not need to consume liquid helium or liquid nitrogen, can measure the material sample of arbitrary temp environment in 4.2~300K warm area or the characteristics of workpiece mechanical property, and temperature control is accurate, simple in structure, reliability is high, simple to operate, efficient is high.
Although the present invention is made specific descriptions with reference to the above embodiments, but for the person of ordinary skill of the art, should be appreciated that, can make amendment or improve not breaking away from these modifications and improving all within spirit of the present invention and scope within spirit of the present invention and the scope based on content disclosed by the invention.

Claims (8)

1. do the material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device of low-temperature receiver with refrigeration machine for one kind, it comprises:
One place universal testing machine interior mechanics bracing frame under vacuum insulation pail on the base;
One is loaded on the sample chamber that temperature controller is equipped with in inside within the described vacuum insulation pail;
One covers in described sample chamber wherein, and is positioned at the thermal radiation resistant bucket within the described vacuum insulation pail;
Cold head, thermal radiation resistant cylinder and sample chamber that described vacuum insulation pail is used for the sealing refrigeration machine make it with extraneous adiabatic;
The external gas-storing bag of one in-built helium; Described external gas-storing bag is connected with described sample chamber by gas piping, to be used for carrying and reclaim helium to sample chamber;
Measured material and the mechanics bracing frame of universal testing machine of sample to be tested by the clamping sample to be tested is rigidly connected and move up and down, and is used for transmitting acting force from universal testing machine to sample to be tested;
Described universal testing machine has mechanics sensor and displacement transducer, and provides the mechanics power source for sample to be tested;
Mechanics sensor and displacement transducer that described mechanics bracing frame passes to universal testing machine with mechanical signal and the displacement signal of sample to be tested; It is characterized in that, also comprise:
One refrigeration machine; Described refrigeration machine cold head places within the described vacuum insulation pail, connects with described sample chamber 7 by bridging to contact, for sample chamber provides cold.
2. do the material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device of low-temperature receiver by claimed in claim 1 with refrigeration machine, it is characterized in that the one-level cold head of described refrigeration machine is connected by heat bridge with the thermal radiation resistant cylinder, and provides cold for it; The secondary cold head of refrigeration machine is connected by heat bridge with sample chamber, and provides cold for it.
3. by the material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device of doing low-temperature receiver with refrigeration machine claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the measured material of described clamping sample to be tested can be installed the sample to be tested of static stretch, static compression, static buckling, static shear, drawingand pressing fatigue, tensile fatigue, compression fatigue, bending fatigue or fracturing mechanics.
4. do the material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device of low-temperature receiver by claimed in claim 1 with refrigeration machine, it is characterized in that described temperature controller is controlled by outer computer.
5. do the material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device of low-temperature receiver by claimed in claim 1 with refrigeration machine, it is characterized in that described refrigeration machine is the refrigeration unit of separate unit refrigeration machine or many parallel connections.
6. describedly do the material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device of low-temperature receiver with refrigeration machine by claim 1 or 5, it is characterized in that described refrigeration machine is G-M refrigeration machine, pulse tube refrigerating machine, sterlin refrigerator or other small-sized Cryo Refrigerators.
7. do the material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device of low-temperature receiver by claimed in claim 1 with refrigeration machine, it is characterized in that described universal testing machine is electronic universal material testing machine or hydraulic servo material mechanical test machine.
8. describedly do the material at low temperature Mechanics Performance Testing device of low-temperature receiver with refrigeration machine by claim 1 or 4, it is characterized in that described temperature controller is ring-type temperature controller or bar-shaped temperature controller.
CN2012103480497A 2012-09-18 2012-09-18 Material low-temperature mechanics performance testing device using refrigerator as cold source Pending CN102854056A (en)

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CN103115823A (en) * 2013-01-22 2013-05-22 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Continuous temperature control static compression mechanical testing system of small-size nonmetal material
CN105510443A (en) * 2015-12-28 2016-04-20 四川大学 Low-temperature ultrasonic vibration fatigue experiment system
CN105675381A (en) * 2016-03-16 2016-06-15 安徽万瑞冷电科技有限公司 Super-low-vibration helium cold accumulation system and control method thereof
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CN107560958A (en) * 2017-09-25 2018-01-09 清华大学 The ultralow vibration friction testing arrangement of ultralow temperature
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CN109099309A (en) * 2018-06-20 2018-12-28 清华大学 Cryogenic vacuum experimental facilities
CN109297804A (en) * 2018-10-30 2019-02-01 浙江大学 Liquid hydrogen warm area Material mechanics test platform based on Cryo Refrigerator and refrigerant circulation
CN109297804B (en) * 2018-10-30 2021-01-05 浙江大学 Liquid hydrogen temperature area material mechanics test platform based on low-temperature refrigerator and refrigerant circulation
CN111398050B (en) * 2020-03-26 2023-06-20 中国科学院电工研究所 Superconducting linear energy measuring device based on conduction cooling
CN111398050A (en) * 2020-03-26 2020-07-10 中国科学院电工研究所 Superconducting wire performance measuring device based on conduction cooling
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CN112963498A (en) * 2021-03-31 2021-06-15 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 10 nm-level liquid helium-free extremely-low-temperature vibration reduction system
CN113155592A (en) * 2021-04-08 2021-07-23 哈尔滨工业大学(威海) Metal material low temperature tensile test device
CN113253361A (en) * 2021-04-14 2021-08-13 哈尔滨工业大学 Testing device for extreme low-temperature physical properties of lunar soil water ice
CN113253361B (en) * 2021-04-14 2024-04-26 哈尔滨工业大学 Lunar soil water ice extreme low temperature physical property testing device
CN114136802A (en) * 2021-11-26 2022-03-04 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 Ultralow-temperature tensile test device and method for ship material

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Application publication date: 20130102