CN102850220B - 海芦笋阿魏酸酯化合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于海洋生物技术领域,公开了海芦笋阿魏酸酯化合物及其制备方法和用途。海芦笋阿魏酸酯化合物,即阿魏酸十五烷酯,结构式如式(Ⅰ)所示:式(Ⅰ)。本发明从海芦笋中分离出的阿魏酸十五烷酯为首次从天然资源中得到的化合物,具有强氧化活性及很强的清除自由基活性,可作为海芦笋中的标志性抗氧化活性成分和天然自由基清除剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于海洋生物技术领域,涉及海芦笋阿魏酸酯化合物及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
盐生海芦笋俗称海蓬子或海豆,学名盐角草(Salicornia bigelovii),是一种鲜美多汁、口感咸脆的绿色海水蔬菜。研究证实海芦笋降低血压、血脂,促进脂肪向肌肉细胞转化,促进肝脏的新陈代谢,提高人体免疫力及预防帕金森病。体外活性研究表明,海芦笋提取物具有显著的抗氧化活性和抗肿瘤活性。
阿魏酸是植物界普遍存在的一种酚酸,在植物中主要与细胞壁多糖和木质素交联构成细胞壁的一部分,是当归、川芎等中药的有效成分之一。由于其具有抗氧化活性和抑菌作用、且毒性较低,因而在医药、保健品、化妆品原料和食品添加剂等方面有着广泛的用途。有文献报道称,阿魏酸及其衍生物具有抗血拴、降血脂、消炎、防癌等生物活性。研究表明,阿魏酸钠和阿魏酸酯是阿魏酸的主要衍生物,这两种衍生物基本上保持了阿魏酸的生物学特性,而且,经过分子改造得到的阿魏酸衍生物比阿魏酸有着更强的生理活性和较低的毒性,这是由于阿魏酸分子中烷烃较短而且含有双键,亲水性强难以深入生物膜脂质双分子层结构中发挥抗氧化活性。
目前,某些人工合成的抗氧化剂如二叔丁基对甲酚、叔丁基对苯二酚等会产生毒性物质,具有致癌性。所以,为了保护人体免受自由基的损伤并且延缓慢性疾病的发生,从植物中寻找高效无副作用的天然自由基清除剂具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种结构独特的具有强抗氧化活性的新天然产物。本发明的目的还在于提供一类新天然产物的制备方法及其新化合物在制备天然自由基清除剂中的用途。
海芦笋阿魏酸酯化合物,即阿魏酸十五烷酯,结构式如式(Ⅰ)所示:
式(Ⅰ)
分子中含有长链烷烃结构,由一分子阿魏酸与一分子十五烷醇缩合形成,是阿魏酸的衍生物之一。
本发明所述的阿魏酸十五烷酯的制备方法,将新鲜采摘的海芦笋捣碎,以体积比为15~5:2的丙酮与水萃取2~3次,取丙酮层,抽滤,真空浓缩得到丙酮提取物;然后,将丙酮提取物用乙酸乙酯萃取2~3次,取乙酸乙酯层,真空浓缩得到乙酸乙酯提取物;乙酸乙酯提取物经300~400目常压硅胶柱,用石油醚-丙酮-甲醇梯度洗脱分离,洗脱组分真空浓缩后经薄层色谱法检测后,将Rf值相同,遇5%的硫酸溶液显色剂显色相同的合并,得到4个组分Fr.1、Fr.2、Fr.3、Fr.4,其中Fr.3显黑色;取组分Fr.3经常压硅胶柱,体积比为100~80:1的环己烷-乙酸乙酯洗脱,经薄层色谱法检测得到遇5%的硫酸溶液显色剂显黑色的组分Fr.3-1,Fr.3-1用SephadexLH-20纯化,体积比1~2:1的氯仿-甲醇洗脱,经薄层色谱法检测得到遇5%的硫酸溶液显色剂显黑色的组分Fr.3-1-1,组分Fr.3-1-1再经常压硅胶柱分离,体积比50:1的环己烷-乙酸乙酯洗脱,薄层色谱法检测,得到Rf=0.4的组分即为式(Ⅰ)化合物。
本发明所述的阿魏酸十五烷酯的制备方法,优选将新鲜采摘的海芦笋捣碎,以体积比为8:2的丙酮与水萃取三次,取丙酮层,抽滤,真空浓缩得到丙酮提取物;然后,将丙酮提取物用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,取乙酸乙酯层,真空浓缩得到乙酸乙酯提取物;乙酸乙酯提取物经300~400目常压硅胶柱,用石油醚-丙酮-甲醇梯度洗脱分离,洗脱组分真空浓缩后经薄层色谱法检测后,将Rf值相同,遇5%的硫酸溶液显色剂显色相同的合并,得到4个组分Fr.1、Fr.2、Fr.3、Fr.4,其中Fr.3显黑色;取组分Fr.3经常压硅胶柱,体积比为100:1的环己烷-乙酸乙酯洗脱,经薄层色谱法检测得到遇5%的硫酸溶液显色剂显黑色的组分Fr.3-1,Fr.3-1用Sephadex LH-20纯化,体积比1:1的氯仿-甲醇洗脱,经薄层色谱法检测得到遇5%的硫酸溶液显色剂显黑色的组分Fr.3-1-1,组分Fr.3-1-1再经常压硅胶柱分离,体积比50:1的环己烷-乙酸乙酯洗脱,薄层色谱法检测,得到Rf=0.4的组分即为式(Ⅰ)化合物。
其中,所述的石油醚-丙酮-甲醇梯度洗脱的梯度为:开始纯石油醚洗脱,逐渐增加丙酮比例,减少石油醚比例,直到纯丙酮洗脱,再逐渐增加甲醇比例,减少丙酮比例,直到纯甲醇洗脱。
所述的薄层色谱法为(1)显色剂:5%的硫酸溶液(乙醇配置);(2)展开剂:环己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1,式(Ⅰ)化合物所在斑点显黑色,可根据TLC斑点显色对式(Ⅰ)化合物进行追踪。
所述的常压硅胶柱的硅胶目数为300~400目。
本发明所述的阿魏酸十五烷酯在制备抗氧化剂和/或天然自由基清除剂中的应用。
有益效果:
本发明从海芦笋中分离出的阿魏酸十五烷酯为首次从天然资源中得到的化合物,具有强氧化活性及很强的清除自由基活性,可作为海芦笋中的标志性抗氧化活性成分和天然自由基清除剂。
附图说明
图1不同浓度下阿魏酸十五烷酯的总抗氧化活性
图2不同浓度下阿魏酸十五烷酯的DPPH自由基清除活性
图3不同浓度下阿魏酸十五烷酯的超氧阴离子清除活性
具体实施方式
实施例1化合物的制备
新鲜采摘的海芦笋26.4kg,用匀浆搅拌机捣碎,置于20L的容量瓶中,加8:2的丙酮与水进行萃取,放置24h,萃取三次。用布氏漏斗抽滤,得到的溶液用旋转蒸发仪在30℃真空浓缩得丙酮提取物。然后,丙酮提取物用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,用旋转蒸发仪在30℃真空浓缩得乙酸乙酯层提取物。
乙酸乙酯层(71g)用50g硅胶干法拌样后上装有200g硅胶(300-400目)的常压柱,用石油醚-丙酮-甲醇梯度洗脱分离,即开始纯石油醚洗脱,逐渐增加丙酮比例,减少石油醚比例,直到纯丙酮洗脱,再逐渐增加甲醇比例,减少丙酮比例,直到纯甲醇洗脱。洗脱的组分真空浓缩后进行TLC检测,TLC条件为(1)显色剂为5%的硫酸溶液,溶剂为乙醇;(2)展开剂:环己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1;将Rf值相同,遇硫酸显色剂显色相同的进行合并,得到4个组分,分别用Fr.1、Fr.2、Fr.3和Fr.4表示,其中,Fr.3显黑色。
组分Fr.3(2.2g),进一步上常压硅胶柱,环己烷-乙酸乙酯(体积比100:1)洗脱,TLC检测,条件同上,将Rf值相同,遇硫酸显色剂显色相同的进行合并,得到组分Fr.3-1和Fr.3-2,其中,组分Fr.3-1遇硫酸显黑色;组分Fr.3-1用Sephadex LH-20纯化,氯仿-甲醇(体积比1:1)洗脱,TLC检测,条件同上,得到遇硫酸显黑色的组分Fr.3-1-1,组分Fr.3-1-1继续用常压硅胶柱(300-400目)分离,环己烷-乙酸乙酯(体积比50:1)洗脱,得纯化合物,TLC检测,条件同上,得到Rf=0.4,遇硫酸显黑色的斑点,即为式(Ⅰ)化合物阿魏酸十五烷酯(30.5mg)。
阿魏酸十五烷酯:黄色固体;阳离子低分辨ESI-MS:m/z 405[M+H]+;UVλmax(CH3OH)nm(logε)214,236,320;IR_KBr,cm-1):3416,3204,2042,1700,1678,1585,1510,1431,1300,1263,1168,1123,1033,730,632;1H及13C NMR数据见表1。
表1化合物的核磁数据
实施例2抗氧化活性的测试
1.实验样品及实验方法
阳性对照品的配制:称取抗坏血酸0.1g,用100mL蒸馏水溶解,配成1mg/mL溶液,然后分别移取0mL、0.8mL、1.6mL、2.4mL、3.2mL和4.0mL于试管中,再依次加入蒸馏水4mL、3.2mL、2.4mL、1.6mL、0.8mL和0mL,配成浓度为0mg/mL、0.2mg/mL、0.4mg/mL、0.6mg/mL、0.8mg/mL和1mg/mL的抗坏血酸溶液。
阿魏酸十五烷酯样品(命名为S6)溶液的配制:取10.0mg S6样品(即实施例1中所得式(Ⅰ)化合物),量取10mL蒸馏水溶解,配制成1mg/mL的溶液,然后分别移取0mL、0.8mL、1.6mL、2.4mL、3.2mL和4.0mL于试管中,再依次加入蒸馏水4.0mL、3.2mL、2.4mL、1.6mL、0.8mL和0mL,配成浓度0mg/mL、0.2mg/mL、0.4mg/mL、0.6mg/mL、0.8mg/mL和1mg/mL的样品溶液。
(1)总抗氧化活性的测定(FRAP值)
试剂的配制:300mmol/L醋酸盐缓冲液:称取5.1g醋酸钠,加入20mL冰醋酸,用适量的蒸馏水溶解,定容到250mL的容量瓶中。20mmol/L FeCl3·6H2O:称取0.2705g FeCl3·6H2O,用适量的蒸馏水溶解,定容到50mL的容量瓶中。TPTZ(10mmol/L):称取0.0312g TPTZ样品,用10mL 40mmol/L HCl溶液溶解。其中40mmol/L HCl溶液:量取0.1mL浓盐酸酸,然后加入30mL的蒸馏水进行稀释。FRAP工作液:上述三种试剂按10:1:1混合。
样品溶液的配制:分别称取2.0mg样品,用2.0mL无水乙醇充分溶解,即得1mg/mL的样品溶液。
FeSO4标准溶液的配制:准确称取0.0278g FeSO4·7H2O,加蒸馏水定容到100mL,配成浓度为1000μmol/L的母液。再分别移取0mL、2mL、4mL、6mL、8mL和10mL溶液于6个烧杯中,最后再移取10mL、8mL、6mL、4mL、2mL和0mL蒸馏水于相对应的烧杯中,配制成浓度分别为0μmol/L、200μmol/L、400μmol/L、600μmol/L、800μmol/L和1000μmol/L的FeSO4溶液。
FeSO4标准曲线绘制:从0μmol/L、200μmol/L、400μmol/L、600μmol/L、800μmol/L和1000μmol/L的FeSO4溶液中各量取0.2mL FeSO4溶液,然后分别加入6mL FRAP工作液和0.6mL蒸馏水。摇匀后置于37℃的水浴锅中,静置20min,以蒸馏水作参比在593nm比色,测定其吸光度值,平行测定三次。
测定方法:以FeSO4为标准物质绘制标准曲线,样品的抗氧化能力以FRAP值表示:1FRAP单位=1mmol/LFeSO4,即样品的抗氧化能力相当于FeSO4的mmol/L数。
(2)DPPH自由基清除活性的测定
溶液的配制:2×10-4mol/L的DPPH溶液:准确称量0.0197g DPPH,用无水乙醇作溶剂定容至250mL,配成2×10-4mol/L的溶液。
样品溶液的配制:分别称取2.0mg样品,用2.0mL无水乙醇充分溶解,即得1mg/mL的样品溶液。
测定方法:取样品溶液2mL及2mL 2×10-4mol/L的DPPH溶液加入试管中,摇匀,在60℃的水浴锅中静置30min使其反应完全后,以无水乙醇作参比在517nm比色,测定其吸光度Ai。同时测定2mL无水乙醇与2mL DPPH溶液的混合液的吸光度Ac以及2mL样品溶液与2mL无水乙醇的吸光度Ai。清除率计算公式:清除率(%)=[1-(Ai-Aj)/Ac]×100。
(3)超氧阴离子清除活性的测定
溶液的配制:500mL,16mmol/L,pH=8.0的Tris-HCL缓冲液配制:称取0.968g Tris,转移至烧杯中,加适量去离子水溶解,加入1.42mL的浓盐酸,转移到容量瓶中,用去离子水定容至500mL。50mL,557μmol/L的NADH溶液配制:称取0.0184g NADH,在小烧杯中加适量缓冲液溶解后,转移到容量瓶中,用缓冲液定容至50mL。50mL,108μmol/L的NBT溶液配制:称取0.0044gNBT,在小烧杯中加适量缓冲液溶解后,转移到容量瓶中,用缓冲液定容至50mL。250mL,45μmol/L的PMS溶液配制:称取0.0034g PMS,在小烧杯中加适量缓冲液溶解后,转移到容量瓶中,用缓冲液定容至250mL。
样品溶液的配制:分别称取2.0mg样品,用2mL无水乙醇充分溶解,即得1mg/mL的样品溶液。
测定方法:在试管中各加入0.5mLNADH,0.5mLNBT,0.5mLPMS,1.0mL Tris-HCl以及2.0mL样品溶液。混合物在25℃反应5min后,分光光度计测定560nm处的吸光度值,同时使用VC作为阳性对照按上述方法测定超氧自由基的清除率。清除率计算公式:清除率(%)=[1-(A1-A2)/A0]×100,其中,A0是对照实验的吸光度值(即用水来代替样品),A1是样品实验的吸光度值,A2是样品自身干扰实验的吸光度值(即用16mmol/L Tris-HCL缓冲液代替NBT溶液)。
2.实验结果
(1)不同浓度下阿魏酸十五烷酯的总抗氧化活性(FRAP值)
与对照抗坏血酸进行比较可以看出,在0~0.2mg/mL浓度范围内,阿魏酸十五烷酯的抗氧化活性与抗坏血酸的抗氧化活性相当,但是随着浓度的不断增加,阿魏酸十五烷酯的抗氧化活性基本保持不变并低于VC的抗氧化活性。
(2)不同浓度下阿魏酸十五烷酯的DPPH自由基清除活性
通过与对照抗坏血酸比较可以看出:在0~0.5mg/mL的浓度范围内,阿魏酸十五烷酯的DPPH清除率略大于抗坏血酸的清除率,表明此浓度范围内阿魏酸十五烷酯清除自由基的能力高于抗坏血酸;在0.5~1mg/mL的范围内,阿魏酸十五烷酯对DPPH清除率略低于抗坏血酸的清除率,表明此浓度范围内阿魏酸十五烷酯清除自由基的能力略低于抗坏血酸。其中,阿魏酸十五烷酯对DPPH的半数抑制率IC50为110.6±0.86μg/mL,大于抗坏血酸的IC50186.5±1.12μg/mL,说明阿魏酸十五烷酯具有很强的抗氧化活性。
(3)不同浓度下阿魏酸十五烷酯的超氧阴离子清除活性
与抗坏血酸超氧阴离子的清除率进行比较,可以看出:在0~1mg/mL的范围内,阿魏酸十五烷酯的超氧阴离子清除率均低于抗坏血酸的超氧阴离子清除率,但相差不大;在1mg/mL时,阿魏酸十五烷酯的超氧阴离子清除率为68.7%,低于抗坏血酸超氧阴离子清除率95.6%。此外阿魏酸十五烷酯对O2 -的半数抑制率(IC50)为560±1.35μg/mL,高于抗坏血酸对O2 -的半数抑制率(IC50)260±0.94μg/mL。综上所述,阿魏酸十五烷酯清除超氧阴离子的能力虽低于抗坏血酸,但差异不大。
Claims (5)
1.式(Ⅰ)所示的阿魏酸十五烷酯的制备方法,其特征在于将新鲜采摘的海芦笋捣碎,以体积比为15~5:2的丙酮与水萃取2~3次,取丙酮层,抽滤,真空浓缩得到丙酮提取物;然后,将丙酮提取物用乙酸乙酯萃取2~3次,取乙酸乙酯层,真空浓缩得到乙酸乙酯提取物;乙酸乙酯提取物经300~400目常压硅胶柱,用石油醚-丙酮-甲醇梯度洗脱分离,洗脱组分真空浓缩后经薄层色谱法检测后,将Rf值相同,遇5%的硫酸溶液显色剂显色相同的合并,得到4个组分Fr.1、Fr.2、Fr.3、Fr.4,其中Fr.3显黑色;取组分Fr.3经常压硅胶柱,体积比为100~80:1的环己烷-乙酸乙酯洗脱,经薄层色谱法检测得到遇5%的硫酸溶液显色剂显黑色的组分Fr.3-1,Fr.3-1用Sephadex LH-20纯化,体积比1~2:1的氯仿-甲醇洗脱,经薄层色谱法检测得到遇5%的硫酸溶液显色剂显黑色的组分Fr.3-1-1,组分Fr.3-1-1再经常压硅胶柱分离,体积比50:1的环己烷-乙酸乙酯洗脱,薄层色谱法检测,得到Rf=0.4的组分即为式(Ⅰ)所示的阿魏酸十五烷酯;
2.根据权利要求1所述的阿魏酸十五烷酯的制备方法,其特征在于将新鲜采摘的海芦笋捣碎,以体积比为8:2的丙酮与水萃取三次,取丙酮层,抽滤,真空浓缩得到丙酮提取物;然后,将丙酮提取物用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,取乙酸乙酯层,真空浓缩得到乙酸乙酯提取物;乙酸乙酯提取物经300~400目常压硅胶柱,用石油醚-丙酮-甲醇梯度洗脱分离,洗脱组分真空浓缩后经薄层色谱法检测后,将Rf值相同,遇5%的硫酸溶液显色剂显色相同的合并,得到4个组分Fr.1、Fr.2、Fr.3、Fr.4,其中Fr.3显黑色;取组分Fr.3经常压硅胶柱,体积比为100:1的环己烷-乙酸乙酯洗脱,经薄层色谱法检测得到遇5%的硫酸溶液显色剂显黑色的组分Fr.3-1,Fr.3-1用Sephadex LH-20纯化,体积比1:1的氯仿-甲醇洗脱,经薄层色谱法检测得到遇5%的硫酸溶液显色剂显黑色的组分Fr.3-1-1,组分Fr.3-1-1再经常压硅胶柱分离,体积比50:1的环己烷-乙酸乙酯洗脱,薄层色谱法检测,得到Rf=0.4的组分即为式(Ⅰ)化合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的阿魏酸十五烷酯的制备方法,其特征在于所述的石油醚-丙酮-甲醇梯度洗脱是开始纯石油醚洗脱,逐渐增加丙酮比例,减少石油醚比例,直到纯丙酮洗脱,再逐渐增加甲醇比例,减少丙酮比例,直到纯甲醇洗脱。
4.根据权利要求2所述的阿魏酸十五烷酯的制备方法,其特征在于所述的薄层色谱法条件均为(1)显色剂为5%的硫酸溶液,溶剂为乙醇;(2)展开剂:环己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1。
5.根据权利要求2所述的阿魏酸十五烷酯的制备方法,其特征在于所述的常压硅胶柱的硅胶目数均为300~400目。
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