CN102847422B - Apparatus for desulfurizing smoke through ammonia process - Google Patents
Apparatus for desulfurizing smoke through ammonia process Download PDFInfo
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- CN102847422B CN102847422B CN201110206185.8A CN201110206185A CN102847422B CN 102847422 B CN102847422 B CN 102847422B CN 201110206185 A CN201110206185 A CN 201110206185A CN 102847422 B CN102847422 B CN 102847422B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an apparatus for desulfurizing a smoke by an ammonia process. The apparatus comprises a desulfurization tower and a tower outer circulation crystallization tank, wherein a demisting segment, an absorption segment, a condensation crystallizing segment and an oxidation segment are arranged in the desulfurization tower from top to down, annular wall hanging plates are arranged 0.5-3m below the spray layer of the condensation segment, and the thicknesses of the annular wall hanging plates are 5-50mm; and the cycle crystallization tank is provided with a stirrer and an inverted hollow round table shaped liquid-solid mixer, 3-5 layers of guiding plates are arranged between the inner wall of the cycle crystallization tank and the outer wall of the liquid-solid mixer from top to down, and an angle between the normal direction of the guiding plates and the flow direction of a slurry during stirring is 0-45DEG. The apparatus for desulfurizing the smoke through the ammonia process has the characteristics of good ammonium sulfate product quality, low equipment failure rate, high smoke purification, effective improvement of the ammonia absorbent utilization rate and the like, and enables the SO2 removal rate to be not less than 95%, the SO3 removal rate to be not less than 97%, the NOx removal rate to be not less than 35%, the HX (X: F and Cl) removal rate to be not less than 90%, the smoke dust removal rate to be not less than 70%, and the ammonia escape to be not more than 8mg/Nm<3>.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of environment protection equipment, relate to the flue gas desulfurization technique field in Coal-fired Thermal Power, coal-burning boiler, steel sintering machine, nonferrous metallurgy and chemical building material field, particularly relate to a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus.
Background technology
The industrialization of China and economic construction fast development, in the industrial smoke thereupon brought, the pollution problem of SO2 is day by day serious, causes serious acid rain harm.Although through the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period large-scale flue-gas desulfurizing engineering construction, the flue gas desulfurization ability of China and installed capacity leap to No. 1 in the world, but, end 2010, the SO2 that China discharges every year in air is still more than 2,000 ten thousand tons, and along with China's economic development is to the demand of the energy and resource, emission source continues to increase, be discharged into SO2 in air still beyond the ability of atmospheric self-cleaning.Therefore, in " 12 " with in the time longer afterwards, the task of China control SO2 discharge and energy-saving and emission-reduction is still very heavy, has larger desulphurization market.The Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, China is engineering reduction of discharging is main, to " 12 " period, progressively will be converted to structure reduction of discharging and have an effect, but engineering reduction of discharging is still important indispensable reduction mode.
The primary energy of China is based on coal, and Coal-fired Thermal Power, coal-burning boiler have discharged a large amount of SO2 in air, and other industry such as the industries such as chemical industry, iron and steel, nonferrous metallurgy, building materials have also discharged more SO2 in air, cause atmospheric sulfer seriously polluted.Meanwhile, China is large agricultural country, and a large amount of chemical fertilizer of annual needs, wherein, ammonium sulfate is a kind of valuable fertilizer.Resources for construction economizing type, environmentally friendly society, greatly develop green economy, recycling economy, be China's present stage development must faced by problem.Adhere to pursuing development in a scientific way, accelerate transformation of the mode of economic development, actively adjust economy and the industrial structure, enhance the capacity for independent innovation energetically, greatly develop emerging strategic industries, be that China's socio-economic development was improved the overall national strength to present stage, realize the inevitable choice of sustainable development.Therefore, the further development of close examination China flue gas desulfurization industry, active development new technology, optimisation technique kind and engineering put into operation ratio, are the new problems faced by China's flue gas desulfurization industry.
At present, domestic employing lime/lime stone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurizing take off that technology almost accounts for whole industry 90%, although this technology achieves maximization, but there is fouling and clogging, accessory substance gypsum is difficult to process, discharge the problems such as CO2, and China is plaster of paris big producing country, and the desulfurated plaster of stacking causes secondary pollution.And the ammonia process of desulfurization is one can reclaim Sulphur ressource flue gas desulfurization technique, with advantages such as its desulfurization are efficient, producing ammonium sulfate byproduct chemical fertilizer, floor space are little, investment is relatively little, be applicable to China's national situation, obtain and pay close attention to and apply widely, actualizing technology progress and quickening are applied just at home.
In tradition ammonia desulfuration equipment, conventional scheme has: (1) desulfurizing tower is by the Design Mode of demist section, absorber portion and oxidation panel integration; (2) desulfurizing tower is by the integration of demist section, absorber portion, enriching section and oxidation panel, arranges the Design Mode of circulation crystallization groove outside tower simultaneously.Under the first Design Mode, mainly be used in the outer evaporative crystallization technique aspect of tower, because the ammonium sulfate liquor in tower does not reach hypersaturated state, in order to obtain qualified ammonium sulfate products, need to evaporate a large amount of moisture, to make ammonium sulfate form sizeable crystalline solid, thus need the energy of at substantial.Under the second Design Mode, be mainly used in saturated crystallization technique in tower, main by effectively utilizing the heat of former flue gas to carry out evaporation and concentration to ammonium sulfate liquor, reach supersaturation, until there is crystalline solid to be formed.Although this kind of Design Mode can effectively utilize the heat energy of former flue gas, but it is less to there is ammonium sulfate crystallization grain graininess in circulation crystallization device, and distribution is narrower, cause the difficulty of follow-up centrifugation, be not easy to obtain qualified ammonium sulfate product, and output is very low, cause the fault rate of equipment very high simultaneously.Simultaneously, ammonium sulfate liquor in enriching section is after liquid distribution trough sprays, due to the corrosion property of ammonium sulfate liquor itself and containing certain solid particle, very easily the tower wall near distributor is caused and wash away corrosion, tower wall is directly caused to be corroded completely time serious, formation tower leaks, and brings serious potential safety hazard.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: in order to the seriously corroded that overcomes existing ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus desulfurizing tower and the ammonium sulfate products that simultaneously produces of poor quality, be unfavorable for the problems such as follow-up centrifugation, equipment failure rate are high, provide a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus, comprise desulfurizing tower and tower outer circulation crystallization tank, demist section is provided with successively from top to bottom in desulfurizing tower, absorber portion, condensing crystallizing section and oxidation panel, demist section is provided with spraying layer, demist section top is provided with exhanst gas outlet, absorber portion is provided with 2-4 level absorber portion spraying layer, condensing crystallizing section is provided with gas approach and enriching section spraying layer, oxidation panel is provided with compressed air inlet and liquefied ammonia ascending pipe, the outlet of absorber portion phegma is connected with oxidation panel by pipeline, oxidation panel is connected with absorber portion spraying layer by slurry circulating pump, baffle plate is provided with between oxidation panel and condensing crystallizing section, it is characterized in that: below enriching section spraying layer 0.5-3m distance in be provided with the annular wall built-up plate preventing the erosion corrosion of tower wall, annular wall built-up plate thickness is 5-50mm, circulation crystallization groove top is provided with agitator, inside is provided with down the liquid-solid blender of shaped hollow round table, be provided with 3-5 layer deflector between circulation crystallization groove inwall and liquid-solid blender outer wall from top to bottom, deflector normal direction is 0-45 ° with the angle of slurries flow direction when stirring, oxidation panel lower part outlet pipe is connected with circulation crystallization groove top by mother liquor excavationg pump, and circulation crystallization groove serum outlet pipeline is connected with enriching section spraying layer by condensing crystallizing pump, and circulation crystallization groove is connected by the lower end of pipeline with condensing crystallizing section.
Described demist section is provided with secondary baffle type mist eliminator, and the spacing of secondary baffle type mist eliminator is 1.5-3mm.
Described absorber portion spraying layer is provided with 10-50 the nozzle that spray-absorption liquid is atomized, and nozzle is taper.
The packing layer be positioned at above absorber portion spraying layer is provided with in described absorber portion.
Described baffle plate is tilted to the right by gas approach, and incline direction and horizontal sextant angle are 5-15 °.
The blade of described agitator adopts oblique oar form.
Described desulfurizing tower oxidation panel is provided with 3-6 platform sidewall agitator apart from bottom it in 1-2m distance, to make solution mix, improves oxygenation efficiency.
Described liquid-solid blender semi-cone angle angle is 15-75 °, be highly the 1/3-1/4 that groove is high, thickness is 1-20mm, by the weak solution pumped into from desulfurizing tower oxidation panel with come bin cure ammonium workshop and mix in liquid-solid blender containing the ammonium sulfate solution of certain solid content, filtrate is diluted, make it to reduce contained solid particle nucleus as much as possible, for growing up of circulation crystallization trench bottom sulphur ammonium particle creates conditions.
Described condensing crystallizing section loop slurry outlet distance circulation crystallization groove top is that 0-1/2 groove is high.
Deflector in described circulation crystallization groove adopts carbon steel line with rubber material, and thickness is 1-10mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the heat that effectively can utilize former flue gas, greatly reduce the energy consumption of follow-up sulphur ammonium post processing part, carry out becoming privileged process to desulfurizing tower enriching section, greatly reduce the erosion corrosion of slurries to tower wall, with have employed novel circulation crystallization groove in timer, thus the ammonia sulfate crystal of small particle diameter is more easily grown up, and reduce the fault rate of centrifugal separation equipment, the quality of the ammonium sulfate products finally obtained is also better, reach the requirement of national commerical grade sulphur ammonium, achieve and changed by the resource of the sulphur in flue gas to the sulphur in thiamine fertilizer, participate in the solid only containing small amount in the slurries of condensing crystallizing section circulation simultaneously, thus reduce the wearing and tearing to concentrating pump impeller, greatly strengthen its durability, indirectly save equipment investment,
Through the desulfurization process of this ammonia desulfuration equipment, the removal efficiency of main acid in flue gas, alkaline pollutant and flue dust can reach: SO
2:>=95%; SO
3:>=97%; NOx>=35%; HX (X:F, Cl)>=90%; Flue dust:>=70%; The escaping of ammonia≤8mg/Nm
3; Therefore this desulfurizer has high purification flue gas, efficient removal SO2 and other noxious acidic gaseous, effectively improves the features such as ammonia absorbent utilization rate, saves equipment investment and operating cost simultaneously, has larger engineer applied and industrialization value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further detailed explanation.These accompanying drawings are the schematic diagram of simplification, only basic structure of the present invention are described in a schematic way, and therefore it only shows the formation relevant with the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the gas approach 101 of flue gas to be desulfurization through being positioned at desulfurizing tower 1 condensing crystallizing section 5 enters into tower, in condensing crystallizing section 5, mother liquor in circulation crystallization groove 2 gets to the enriching section spraying layer 14 in condensing crystallizing section 5 through condensing crystallizing pump 33, mother liquor fully contacts with flue gas and carries out preliminary desulfurization and exchange heat after the liquid distribution trough on enriching section spraying layer is uniform, mother liquor is after moisture evaporation, solute ammonium sulfate is wherein made to be in hypersaturated state, and from mother liquor, be able to crystallization, simultaneously according to the operation conditions of current domestic ammonia process desulfuration tower reality, below desulfurizing tower spraying layer, within the scope of 1-2m, tower wall erosion is the most serious often, the most easily form the place that tower leaks, therefore this device is innovated this emphasis, the annular wall built-up plate 15 preventing the erosion corrosion of tower wall is specially provided with in the scope of the below 0.5-3m of enriching section spraying layer 14, its annular wall built-up plate thickness is 5-50mm, material is FRP.
As shown in Figure 1, be absorber portion 4 above condensing crystallizing section 5, separated by inner member between the two, and connected by gas cap.Flue gas after preliminary desulfurization enters absorber portion 4 through gas cap, the absorber portion spraying layer 13 being positioned at absorber portion 4 is squeezed into through mother liquor excavationg pump 32 with the loop slurry from oxidation panel 6, after the liquid distribution trough on spraying layer is uniform, adverse current carries out abundant contact desulfuriation, simultaneously desulfurization absorbing liquid is back to oxidation panel 6 by the pipe gravity flow pipeline be positioned at bottom the absorber portion 4 that is connected with oxidation panel 6 top, phegma is mainly based on ammonium bisulfite, and found by experimental study, in doctor solution, real participation absorption reaction is mainly ammonium sulfite, therefore, by the mode adding liquefied ammonia to oxidation panel, ammonium bisulfite is neutralized as ammonium sulfite, consider the unstability of ammonium sulfite and the purposes of product simultaneously, determine by adopting the mode of logical oxidation air in absorbing liquid to be ammonium sulfate by sulfite oxidation, special oxidation air gas distributor 17 is provided with at oxidation panel 6, the oxidation air pipeline that the tower import department of oxidation air distributor is connected with compressed air blower fan is connected, and be provided with special liquefied ammonia ascending pipe in the relevant position of oxidation air pipeline, concrete ammonia residual regulates according to the pH value of mother liquor in tower, the pH value of general mother liquor controls at 5.5-6.0, because absorbing liquid has relatively high sulfur dioxide absorption rate within the scope of this pH value.Simultaneously in order to make desulphurization mother solution mix, improve the utilization rate of oxidation air, at oxidation panel apart within the scope of 1-2m bottom it, uniform 3-6 platform sidewall agitator 18, the ammonium sulfite solution of generation is enable to be oxidized to ammonium sulfate fast, ensure that oxidation rate reaches more than 98%, the density of whole mother liquor remains on 1.05g/cm simultaneously
3to 1.20g/cm
3between, concentration controls within 35%.
As shown in Figure 1, the ammonia of a certain amount of escape can be carried by the flue gas of absorber portion spraying layer 13, in order to do as far as possible except reducing ammonia loss, special packing layer 12 is provided with on the top of absorber portion spraying layer 13, water spray projector is provided with above packing layer 12, make smoke distribution more even by packing layer 12, and utilize water smoke that unabsorbed ammonia is removed further, reduce ammonia and damage.
As shown in Figure 1, demist section 3 is in the top of absorber portion 4, substantially saturation stage is in by the flue gas of absorber portion 4 upper packing layers, and the water amount of flue gas is larger, in order to moisture removing contained in flue gas can be made, be provided with secondary baffle type mist eliminator 11 in demist section 3, and secondary baffle type mist eliminator is with auto-flushing water device, final flue gas is after the interception of secondary baffle type mist eliminator, and wherein moisture is less than 75mg/Nm
3, the flue gas after the demist of secondary baffle plate type passes through exhanst gas outlet 102 through smoke stack emission.
In oxidation panel 6, mother liquor is got to absorber portion through slurry circulating pump 31 and is carried out counter current contacting with flue gas, the sulfur dioxide constantly in cyclic absorption flue gas, and the ammonium sulfite therefore generated gets more and more, and the density of mother liquor also can be increasing, when density reaches 1.05g/cm
3to 1.20g/cm
3between time, open mother liquor excavationg pump 32, liquid-solid blender 22 is pumped into by the top of circulation crystallization groove 2, with the sulphur ammonium filtrate mixing carrying out bin cure ammonium workshop, make the dissolution of solid in filtrate, the quantity of granule nucleus is reduced with this, thus create conditions for oarse-grained sulphur ammonium crystal is grown up further, simultaneously, less crystal grain is easily formed " druse ", surface area is increased, mother liquor is easy to ensconce intercrystalline, adsorb more solution, and corrosion pipeline and equipment, particularly when centrifugation and cleaning product, the sulphur crystalline ammonium that particle is less can make magma viscosity increase, cause blowing difficulty, screening media is also larger.Circulation crystallization groove top is provided with agitator 21, propeller-blade adopts and tiltedly starches structure, material is dual phase steel 2205, by stirring, mother liquor is mixed, overcome the liquid-film resistance of nucleating surface, enable sulphur ammonium molecule be diffused rapidly to nucleating surface, make sulphur crystalline ammonium body in mother liquor in suspended state simultaneously, extend the time of staying of particle in mother liquor, positive important function is played to growing up of sulphur ammonium nucleus.
In circulation crystallization groove 2 cell wall and liquid-solid blender 22 outer wall spatial dimension, 3-5 layer deflector 23 is set under upper simultaneously, the liquid flow path direction that the direction of deflector 23 produces when arranging the slurry agitation by described circulation crystallization groove overhead is determined, the angle being specially liquid flow path direction and baffle plate normal direction is 0-45 °, thus guarantee when agitator 21 stirs, the sulphur ammonium bulky grain moved upward changes the direction of motion after stop collision, mainly concentrate on the middle and lower part of circulation crystallization groove 2, do not participate in the serum recycle again being returned desulfurizing tower condensing crystallizing section by condensing crystallizing pump 33, particle is made to have time enough and grow up, for follow-up centrifugation provides condition, reduce the fault rate of equipment, slurry solids content simultaneously owing to participating in circulation reduces and greatly reduces the wearing and tearing of the nozzle of condensing crystallizing pump and desulfurizing tower enriching section, thus also can reduce the performance requirement of equipment, the investment of the equipment saved, and it is more practical.
The spraying layer of desulfurizing tower condensing crystallizing section is got in the outlet of concentration cycles slurries self-loopa crystallization tank 2 upper portion side wall through condensing crystallizing pump 33, after liquid distribution trough on spraying layer is uniform by circulation fluid, haptoreaction is carried out with flue gas adverse current, heat transfer, flue gas will be cooled to 60-80 DEG C herein, the sulfur dioxide of the 20-60% simultaneously contained in flue gas will be removed, because reaction generates the evaporation of ammonium sulfate and moisture, loop slurry is concentrated further, generate a large amount of crystalline solid, slurries containing crystalline solid enter into the bottom of circulation crystallization groove 2 by the pipe gravity flow pipeline be connected with enriching section bottom opening, the mouth of pipe entering circulation crystallization groove 2 is positioned at the scope that 0-1/3 groove is high bottom circulation crystallization groove 2.Be back to circulation crystallization groove 2 for the ease of circulation fluid from enriching section, arrange baffle plate between desulfurizing tower 1 condensing crystallizing section 5 and oxidation panel 6, roll tiltedly to the right by gas approach, incline direction and horizontal sextant angle are 5-15 °.
Constantly slurry is circulated by condensing crystallizing pump 33, crystalline particle in circulation crystallization groove 2 is on the increase, when the solid content of the slurries bottom circulation crystallization groove 2 reaches 10-15%, sulphur ammonium workshop will be squeezed into containing solid sulphur ammonium slurries by sulphur ammonium slurries excavationg pump and carry out subsequent treatment, finally through centrifugal, dry, be packaged to be qualified ammonium sulfate products, realize resourcebility production.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that; above-mentioned detailed description of the invention is exemplary; to enable those skilled in the art better understand this patent content; should not be understood as any equivalent change or modification that the content that discloses this patent does, all fall into this patent protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. an ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus, comprise desulfurizing tower and tower outer circulation crystallization tank, demist section is provided with successively from top to bottom in desulfurizing tower, absorber portion, condensing crystallizing section and oxidation panel, demist section is provided with spraying layer, demist section top is provided with exhanst gas outlet, absorber portion is provided with 2-4 level absorber portion spraying layer, condensing crystallizing section is provided with gas approach and enriching section spraying layer, oxidation panel is provided with compressed air inlet and liquefied ammonia ascending pipe, the outlet of absorber portion phegma is connected with oxidation panel by pipeline, oxidation panel is connected with absorber portion spraying layer by slurry circulating pump, baffle plate is provided with between oxidation panel and condensing crystallizing section, it is characterized in that: below enriching section spraying layer 0.5-3m distance in be provided with the annular wall built-up plate preventing the erosion corrosion of tower wall, annular wall built-up plate thickness is 5-50mm, tower outer circulation crystallization tank top is provided with agitator, inside is provided with down the liquid-solid blender of shaped hollow round table, be provided with 3-5 layer deflector between tower outer circulation crystallization tank inwall and liquid-solid blender outer wall from top to bottom, deflector normal direction is 0-45 ° with the angle of slurries flow direction when stirring, oxidation panel lower part outlet pipe is connected with tower outer circulation crystallization tank top by mother liquor excavationg pump, tower outer circulation crystallization tank serum outlet pipeline is connected with enriching section spraying layer by condensing crystallizing pump, and tower outer circulation crystallization tank is connected by the lower end of pipeline with condensing crystallizing section.
2. a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described demist section is provided with secondary baffle type mist eliminator, and the spacing of secondary baffle type mist eliminator is 1.5-3mm.
3. a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described absorber portion spraying layer is provided with 10-50 the nozzle that spray-absorption liquid is atomized, and nozzle is taper.
4. a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be provided with the packing layer be positioned at above absorber portion spraying layer in described absorber portion.
5. a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described baffle plate is tilted to the right by gas approach, incline direction and horizontal sextant angle are 5-15 °.
6. a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the blade of described agitator adopts oblique oar form.
7. a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described desulfurizing tower oxidation panel is provided with 3-6 platform sidewall agitator apart from bottom it in 1-2m distance.
8. a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described liquid-solid blender semi-cone angle angle is 15-75 °, and be highly the 1/3-1/4 that groove is high, thickness is 1-20mm.
9. a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described condensing crystallizing section loop slurry outlet distance tower outer circulation crystallization tank top is that 0-1/2 groove is high.
10. a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the deflector in described tower outer circulation crystallization tank adopts carbon steel line with rubber material, and thickness is 1-10mm.
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