CN102847422A - Apparatus for desulfurizing smoke through ammonia process - Google Patents
Apparatus for desulfurizing smoke through ammonia process Download PDFInfo
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- CN102847422A CN102847422A CN2011102061858A CN201110206185A CN102847422A CN 102847422 A CN102847422 A CN 102847422A CN 2011102061858 A CN2011102061858 A CN 2011102061858A CN 201110206185 A CN201110206185 A CN 201110206185A CN 102847422 A CN102847422 A CN 102847422A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an apparatus for desulfurizing a smoke by an ammonia process. The apparatus comprises a desulfurization tower and a tower outer circulation crystallization tank, wherein a demisting segment, an absorption segment, a condensation crystallizing segment and an oxidation segment are arranged in the desulfurization tower from top to down, annular wall hanging plates are arranged 0.5-3m below the spray layer of the condensation segment, and the thicknesses of the annular wall hanging plates are 5-50mm; and the cycle crystallization tank is provided with a stirrer and an inverted hollow round table shaped liquid-solid mixer, 3-5 layers of guiding plates are arranged between the inner wall of the cycle crystallization tank and the outer wall of the liquid-solid mixer from top to down, and an angle between the normal direction of the guiding plates and the flow direction of a slurry during stirring is 0-45DEG. The apparatus for desulfurizing the smoke through the ammonia process has the characteristics of good ammonium sulfate product quality, low equipment failure rate, high smoke purification, effective improvement of the ammonia absorbent utilization rate and the like, and enables the SO2 removal rate to be not less than 95%, the SO3 removal rate to be not less than 97%, the NOx removal rate to be not less than 35%, the HX (X: F and Cl) removal rate to be not less than 90%, the smoke dust removal rate to be not less than 70%, and the ammonia escape to be not more than 8mg/Nm<3>.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the environmental protection equipment technical field, relate to the flue gas desulfurization technique field in Coal-fired Thermal Power, coal-burning boiler, steel sintering machine, nonferrous metallurgy and chemical building material field, relate in particular to a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus.
Background technology
The industrialization of China and economic construction are fast-developing, in the industrial smoke that thereupon brings the pollution problem of SO2 day by day serious, cause serious acid rain harm.Although through the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period large-scale flue-gas desulfurizing engineering construction, flue gas desulfurization ability and the installed capacity of China have leapt to the No. 1 in the world, but, end 2010, the SO2 that China every year discharges in the atmosphere is still above 2,000 ten thousand tons, and along with the demand of China's economic development to the energy and resource, emission source continue to increase, and is discharged into the ability that SO2 in the atmosphere has still exceeded atmospheric self-cleaning.Therefore, in " 12 " with in afterwards longer time, the task of China's control SO2 discharging and energy-saving and emission-reduction is still very heavy, and larger desulphurization market is arranged.The Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, China is that the engineering reduction of discharging is main, during " 12 ", will progressively be converted to the structure reduction of discharging and have an effect, but the engineering reduction of discharging still is important indispensable reduction of discharging mode.
The primary energy of China is take coal as main, and Coal-fired Thermal Power, coal-burning boiler have discharged a large amount of SO2 in atmosphere, and the industries such as other industry such as chemical industry, iron and steel, nonferrous metallurgy, building materials have also been discharged more SO2 in atmosphere, cause atmospheric sulfer seriously polluted.Simultaneously, China is large agricultural country, and need a large amount of chemical fertilizer every year, and wherein, ammonium sulfate is a kind of valuable fertilizer.Resources for construction economizing type, environmentally friendly society greatly develop green economy, recycling economy, are the problems that China's present stage development must be faced.Adhere to pursuing development in a scientific way, accelerate transformation of the mode of economic development, actively adjust economy and the industrial structure, enhance the capacity for independent innovation energetically, greatly developing strategic new industry, is that China's socio-economic development was improved the overall national strength to present stage, the inevitable choice of realization sustainable development.Therefore, further examine the development of China's flue gas desulfurization industry closely, active development new technology, optimisation technique kind and the engineering ratio that puts into operation is the new problem that China's flue gas desulfurization industry is faced.
At present, domestic employing lime/lime stone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurizing technology of taking off almost accounts for 90% of whole industry, although this technology has realized maximization, but have the problems such as fouling obstruction, accessory substance gypsum are difficult to process, discharging CO2, and China is plaster of paris big producing country, and the desulfurated plaster of stacking causes secondary pollution.And the ammonia process of desulfurization is a kind of sulphur resource flue gas desulfurization technique that can reclaim, the advantages such as, producing ammonium sulfate byproduct chemical fertilizer efficient with its desulfurization, floor space is little, investment is relatively little, be fit to China's national situation, obtained paying close attention to and using widely, realize that just at home technological progress and quickening apply.
In the tradition ammonia desulfuration equipment, scheme commonly used has: (1) desulfurizing tower is by the integrated Design Mode of demist section, absorber portion and oxidation panel; (2) desulfurizing tower is integrated by demist section, absorber portion, enriching section and oxidation panel, and the Design Mode of circulation crystallization groove is set outside tower simultaneously.Under the first Design Mode, mainly be used in the outer evaporative crystallization technique aspect of tower, because the ammonium sulfate liquor in tower does not reach hypersaturated state, in order to obtain qualified ammonium sulfate products, need a large amount of moisture of evaporation, so that ammonium sulfate forms sizeable crystalline solid, thereby need to expend a large amount of energy.Under the second Design Mode, be mainly used in saturated crystallization technique in the tower, mainly by the heat that effectively utilizes former flue gas ammonium sulfate liquor is carried out evaporation and concentration, reach supersaturation, until there is crystalline solid to form.Although this kind Design Mode can effectively utilize the heat energy of former flue gas, but it is less to exist in the circulation crystallization device ammonium sulfate crystallization grain graininess, and distribution is narrower, caused the difficulty of follow-up centrifugation, be not easy to obtain qualified ammonium sulfate product, and output is very low, causes simultaneously the fault rate of equipment very high.Simultaneously, ammonium sulfate liquor in enriching section is after liquid distribution trough sprays, because the corrosion property of ammonium sulfate liquor and contain certain solid particle itself, very easily the tower wall near distributor is caused and wash away corrosion, directly cause the tower wall to be corroded fully when serious, the formation tower leaks, and brings serious potential safety hazard.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: of poor quality for the seriously corroded that overcomes existing ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus desulfurizing tower and produced simultaneously ammonium sulfate products, be unfavorable for the problems such as follow-up centrifugation, equipment failure rate height, a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus is provided.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus, comprise desulfurizing tower and tower outer circulation crystallization tank, be provided with successively the demist section in the desulfurizing tower from top to bottom, absorber portion, condensing crystallizing section and oxidation panel, the demist section is provided with spraying layer, demist section top is provided with exhanst gas outlet, absorber portion is provided with 2-4 level absorber portion spraying layer, the condensing crystallizing section is provided with gas approach and enriching section spraying layer, oxidation panel is provided with compressed air inlet and liquefied ammonia ascending pipe, the outlet of absorber portion phegma is connected with oxidation panel by pipeline, oxidation panel links to each other with the absorber portion spraying layer by slurry circulating pump, be provided with baffle plate between oxidation panel and the condensing crystallizing section, it is characterized in that: be provided with the annular wall built-up plate that prevents the erosion corrosion of tower wall in the distance of enriching section spraying layer below 0.5-3m, annular wall built-up plate thickness is 5-50mm; Circulation crystallization groove top is provided with agitator, inside is provided with the round table-like liquid-solid blender of the turned letter heart, be provided with 3-5 layer deflector from top to bottom between circulation crystallization groove inwall and the liquid-solid blender outer wall, the angle of slurries flow direction is 0-45 ° when deflector normal direction and stirring; Oxidation panel lower part outlet pipe links to each other with circulation crystallization groove top by the mother liquor excavationg pump, and circulation crystallization groove slurries outlet conduit links to each other with the enriching section spraying layer by the condensing crystallizing pump, and the circulation crystallization groove links to each other by the lower end of pipeline with the condensing crystallizing section.
Described demist section is provided with the secondary baffle type mist eliminator, and the spacing of secondary baffle type mist eliminator is 1.5-3mm.
Described absorber portion spraying layer is provided with 10-50 nozzle that makes the atomizing of spray-absorption liquid, and nozzle is taper.
Be provided with the packing layer that is positioned at absorber portion spraying layer top in the described absorber portion.
Described baffle plate is tilted to the lower right by gas approach, and incline direction and horizontal sextant angle are 5-15 °.
The blade of described agitator adopts oblique oar form.
Described desulfurizing tower oxidation panel so that solution mixes, improves oxygenation efficiency apart from being provided with 3-6 platform sidewall agitator in the 1-2m distance of its bottom.
Described liquid-solid blender semi-cone angle angle is 15-75 °, highly be the high 1/3-1/4 of groove, thickness is 1-20mm, in liquid-solid blender, mixed with the ammonium sulfate solution that comes bin cure ammonium workshop to contain certain solid content by the weak solution that pumps into from the desulfurizing tower oxidation panel, filtrate is diluted, make it to reduce as much as possible contained solid particle nucleus, for growing up of circulation crystallization trench bottom sulphur ammonium particle creates conditions.
Described condensing crystallizing section loop slurry outlet is that the 0-1/2 groove is high apart from circulation crystallization groove top.
Deflector in the described circulation crystallization groove adopts carbon steel line with rubber material, and thickness is 1-10mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the heat that can effectively utilize former flue gas, greatly reduce the energy consumption of follow-up sulphur ammonium post processing part, the desulfurizing tower enriching section has been carried out becoming privileged processing, greatly reduce slurries to the erosion corrosion of tower wall, with having adopted novel circulation crystallization groove in the timer, grow up thereby the ammonia sulfate crystal that makes small particle diameter is easier, and reduced the fault rate of centrifugal separation equipment, the quality of the ammonium sulfate products that finally obtains is also better, reached the requirement of national commerical grade sulphur ammonium, realized being changed by the resource of the sulphur of the sulphur in the flue gas in the thiamine fertilizer; Participate in simultaneously only containing the solid of small amount in the slurries of condensing crystallizing section circulation, thereby reduced the wearing and tearing to the concentrating pump impeller, greatly strengthened its durability, indirectly saved equipment investment;
Desulfurization through this ammonia desulfuration equipment is processed, and the removal efficiency of main acid, alkaline pollutant and flue dust can reach in the flue gas: SO
2: 〉=95%; SO
3: 〉=97%; NOx 〉=35%; HX (X:F, Cl) 〉=90%; Flue dust: 〉=70%; The escaping of ammonia≤8mg/Nm
3Therefore this desulfurizer has the high purification flue gas, efficiently removes the characteristics such as SO2 and other harmful sour gas, Effective Raise ammonia absorbent utilization rate, saves simultaneously equipment investment and operating cost, has larger engineering and uses and industrialization value.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further detailed explanation.These accompanying drawings are the schematic diagram of simplification, basic structure of the present invention only is described in a schematic way, so it only show the formation relevant with the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the gas approach 101 of flue gas to be desulfurization through being positioned at desulfurizing tower 1 condensing crystallizing section 5 enters into tower, in condensing crystallizing section 5, the enriching section spraying layer 14 of mother liquor in condensing crystallizing pump 33 is got to condensing crystallizing section 5 in the circulation crystallization groove 2, mother liquor fully contacts with flue gas after the liquid distribution trough on the enriching section spraying layer is uniform and carries out preliminary desulfurization and exchange heat, after mother liquor evaporates through moisture, make solute ammonium sulfate wherein be in hypersaturated state, and from mother liquor, be able to crystallization, while is according to the operation conditions of present domestic ammonia process desulfuration tower reality, the tower wall erosion is the most serious often in the 1-2m scope of desulfurizing tower spraying layer below, the place that the easiest formation tower leaks, therefore this device is innovated this emphasis, below enriching section spraying layer 14, be provided with the annular wall built-up plate 15 that prevents specially the erosion corrosion of tower wall in the scope of 0.5-3m, its annular wall built-up plate thickness is 5-50mm, and material is FRP.
As shown in Figure 1, condensing crystallizing section 5 tops are absorber portion 4, separate by inner member between the two, and connect by gas cap.Flue gas after the preliminary desulfurization enters absorber portion 4 through gas cap, squeeze into the absorber portion spraying layer 13 that is positioned at absorber portion 4 through mother liquor excavationg pump 32 with the loop slurry from oxidation panel 6, after the liquid distribution trough on the spraying layer is uniform, adverse current is carried out abundant contact desulfuriation, simultaneously desulfurization absorption liquid is back to oxidation panel 6 by the pipe gravity flow pipeline that is positioned at absorber portion 4 bottoms that link to each other with oxidation panel 6 tops, phegma is mainly take ammonium bisulfite as main, and find by experimental study, the real ammonium sulfite that is mainly that participates in absorption reaction in the doctor solution, therefore, by the mode that adds liquefied ammonia to oxidation panel the ammonium bisulfite neutralization is ammonium sulfite, consider simultaneously the unstability of ammonium sulfite and the purposes of product, the mode of logical oxidation air is ammonium sulfate with sulfite oxidation in the absorption liquid by adopting in decision, be provided with special oxidation air gas distributor 17 at oxidation panel 6, the oxidation air pipeline that the tower import department of oxidation air distributor links to each other with the compressed air blower fan is connected, and be provided with special liquefied ammonia ascending pipe in the relevant position of oxidation air pipeline, concrete ammonia residual is regulated according to the pH value of mother liquor in the tower, the pH value of general mother liquor is controlled at 5.5-6.0, because absorption liquid has relatively high sulfur dioxide absorption rate in this pH value scope.Simultaneously for desulphurization mother solution is mixed, improve the utilization rate of oxidation air, oxidation panel apart from its bottom 1-2m scope in, uniform 3-6 platform sidewall agitator 18, make the ammonium sulfite solution of generation can be oxidized to fast ammonium sulfate, guaranteed that oxidation rate reaches more than 98%, the density of whole mother liquor remains on 1.05g/cm simultaneously
3To 1.20g/cm
3Between, concentration is controlled in 35%.
As shown in Figure 1, can carry the ammonia of a certain amount of escape by the flue gas of absorber portion spraying layer 13, in order to do as far as possible except reducing the ammonia loss, be provided with special packing layer 12 on the top of absorber portion spraying layer 13, above packing layer 12, be provided with water spray projector, make smoke distribution more even by packing layer 12, and utilize water smoke that unabsorbed ammonia is further removed, reduce ammonia and decrease.
As shown in Figure 1, demist section 3 is in the top of absorber portion 4, flue gas by absorber portion 4 top packing layers is in saturation stage basically, and the water amount of flue gas is larger, for moisture contained in the flue gas is removed, be provided with secondary baffle type mist eliminator 11 in demist section 3, and the secondary baffle type mist eliminator is with auto-flushing water device, final flue gas is after the interception of secondary baffle type mist eliminator, and wherein moisture is less than 75mg/Nm
3, pass through exhanst gas outlet 102 through smoke stack emission through the flue gas after the demist of secondary baffle plate type.
Oxidation panel 6 interior mother liquors are got to absorber portion through slurry circulating pump 31 and are carried out counter current contacting with flue gas, and constantly circulation absorbs the sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, and the ammonium sulfite that therefore generates is more and more, and the density of mother liquor also can be increasing, when density reaches 1.05g/cm
3To 1.20g/cm
3Between the time, open mother liquor excavationg pump 32, top by circulation crystallization groove 2 pumps into liquid-solid blender 22, mix with the sulphur ammonium filtrate of coming bin cure ammonium workshop, make the dissolution of solid in the filtrate, reduce the quantity of granule nucleus with this, thereby further grow up and create conditions for oarse-grained sulphur ammonium crystal, simultaneously, less crystal grain easily forms " druse ", and surface area is increased, and is easy to mother liquor is ensconced intercrystalline, adsorb more solution, and when corrosion pipeline and equipment, particularly centrifugation and cleaning product, the sulphur crystalline ammonium that particle is less can make magma viscosity increase, cause the blowing difficulty, the screen cloth wearing and tearing are also larger.Circulation crystallization groove top is provided with agitator 21, propeller-blade adopts tiltedly slurry structure, material is dual phase steel 2205, by stirring mother liquor is mixed, overcome the liquid-film resistance of nucleating surface, make sulphur ammonium molecule can be diffused rapidly to nucleating surface, make simultaneously sulphur crystalline ammonium body in mother liquor, be suspended state, prolong the time of staying of particle in mother liquor, growing up of sulphur ammonium nucleus played positive important function.
Under upper, 3-5 layer deflector 23 is set in circulation crystallization groove 2 cell walls and the liquid-solid blender 22 outer wall spatial dimensions simultaneously, the liquid flow path direction that the direction of deflector 23 produces when arranging by the slurry agitation of described circulation crystallization groove overhead is determined, the angle that is specially liquid flow path direction and baffle plate normal direction is 0-45 °, thereby guarantee when agitator 21 stirs, the sulphur ammonium bulky grain that moves upward changes the direction of motion after the baffle plate collision, mainly concentrate on the middle and lower part of circulation crystallization groove 2, do not participate in again being returned by condensing crystallizing pump 33 the slurries circulation of desulfurizing tower condensing crystallizing section, make particle have time enough and grow up, for follow-up centrifugation provides condition, reduced the fault rate of equipment, simultaneously the wearing and tearing to the nozzle of condensing crystallizing pump and desulfurizing tower enriching section greatly reduce owing to participate in that the slurries solids content of circulation reduces, thereby the performance requirement to equipment also can reduce, the investment of the equipment of saving, and more practical.
The spraying layer of desulfurizing tower condensing crystallizing section is got in concentrated loop slurry self-loopa crystallization tank 2 upper portion side wall outlet through condensing crystallizing pump 33, after liquid distribution trough on the spraying layer is uniform with circulation fluid, carry out haptoreaction with flue gas adverse current, conduct heat, flue gas will be cooled to 60-80 ℃ herein, the sulfur dioxide of the 20-60% that contains in the flue gas simultaneously will be removed, because reaction generates the evaporation of ammonium sulfate and moisture, loop slurry is further concentrated, generate a large amount of crystalline solid, the slurries that contain crystalline solid enter into the bottom of circulation crystallization groove 2 by the pipe gravity flow pipeline that is connected with the enriching section bottom opening, and the mouth of pipe that enters circulation crystallization groove 2 is positioned at from the high scope of circulation crystallization groove 2 bottom 0-1/3 grooves.Be back to circulation crystallization groove 2 for the ease of circulation fluid from enriching section, between desulfurizing tower 1 condensing crystallizing section 5 and the oxidation panel 6 baffle plate be set, by gas approach lower side inclination to the right, incline direction and horizontal sextant angle are 5-15 °.
Constantly slurry is circulated by condensing crystallizing pump 33, crystalline particle in the circulation crystallization groove 2 is on the increase, when the solid content of the slurries of circulation crystallization groove 2 bottoms reaches 10-15%, to contain solid sulphur ammonium slurries by sulphur ammonium slurries excavationg pump squeezes into sulphur ammonium workshop and carries out subsequent treatment, finally through centrifugal, dry, be packaged to be qualified ammonium sulfate products, the production of realization resourcebility.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that; the above-mentioned specific embodiment is exemplary; in order to make those skilled in the art can better understand this patent content; what should not be understood as that content that this patent is disclosed does anyly is equal to change or modifies, and all falls into this patent protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus, comprise desulfurizing tower and tower outer circulation crystallization tank, be provided with successively the demist section in the desulfurizing tower from top to bottom, absorber portion, condensing crystallizing section and oxidation panel, the demist section is provided with spraying layer, demist section top is provided with exhanst gas outlet, absorber portion is provided with 2-4 level absorber portion spraying layer, the condensing crystallizing section is provided with gas approach and enriching section spraying layer, oxidation panel is provided with compressed air inlet and liquefied ammonia ascending pipe, the outlet of absorber portion phegma is connected with oxidation panel by pipeline, oxidation panel links to each other with the absorber portion spraying layer by slurry circulating pump, be provided with baffle plate between oxidation panel and the condensing crystallizing section, it is characterized in that: be provided with the annular wall built-up plate that prevents the erosion corrosion of tower wall in the distance of enriching section spraying layer below 0.5-3m, annular wall built-up plate thickness is 5-50mm; Circulation crystallization groove top is provided with agitator, inside is provided with the round table-like liquid-solid blender of the turned letter heart, be provided with 3-5 layer deflector from top to bottom between circulation crystallization groove inwall and the liquid-solid blender outer wall, the angle of slurries flow direction is 0-45 ° when deflector normal direction and stirring; Oxidation panel lower part outlet pipe links to each other with circulation crystallization groove top by the mother liquor excavationg pump, and circulation crystallization groove slurries outlet conduit links to each other with the enriching section spraying layer by the condensing crystallizing pump, and the circulation crystallization groove links to each other by the lower end of pipeline with the condensing crystallizing section.
2. a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described demist section is provided with the secondary baffle type mist eliminator, and the spacing of secondary baffle type mist eliminator is 1.5-3mm.
3. a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described absorber portion spraying layer is provided with 10-50 nozzle that makes the atomizing of spray-absorption liquid, and nozzle is taper.
4. a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be provided with the packing layer that is positioned at absorber portion spraying layer top in the described absorber portion.
5. a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described baffle plate is tilted to the lower right by gas approach, and incline direction and horizontal sextant angle are 5-15 °.
6. a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the blade of described agitator adopts oblique oar form.
7. a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described desulfurizing tower oxidation panel is apart from being provided with 3-6 platform sidewall agitator in the 1-2m distance of its bottom.
8. a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described liquid-solid blender semi-cone angle angle is 15-75 °, highly is the high 1/3-1/4 of groove, and thickness is 1-20mm.
9. a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described condensing crystallizing section loop slurry outlet is that the 0-1/2 groove is high apart from circulation crystallization groove top.
10. a kind of ammonia type flue gas desulfurizing apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the deflector in the described circulation crystallization groove adopts carbon steel line with rubber material, and thickness is 1-10mm.
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CN117180965A (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2023-12-08 | 合利环保(河北)有限公司 | Sulfur-containing flue gas treatment system |
CN119186219A (en) * | 2024-11-28 | 2024-12-27 | 山东明晟环保科技有限公司 | Ammonia desulfurization method capable of remarkably reducing ammonia escape and application thereof |
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