CN102845739A - Grifola frondosa ultramicro nutritious flour and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Grifola frondosa ultramicro nutritious flour and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Grifola frondosa ultramicro nutritious flour and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: successively carrying out prefreezing, lyophilization, desorption drying and superfine crushing on the Grifola frondosa raw material, so as to obtain the Grifola frondosa ultramicro nutritious flour. The Grifola frondosa ultramicro nutritious flour provided by the invention has unique physical and chemical properties, good mobility, caking resistance and dispersion, and greatly keeps nutrients in the Grifola frondosa raw material; and ultramicro powder morphology benefits compound processing with other food raw materials, and plays an important role in improving digestion, absorption and biological utilization rate of nutrients in the Grifola frondosa. The Grifola frondosa ultramicro nutritious flour can be used as a main raw material for preparing Grifola frondosa healthful drinks, jelly and fruit juice, as well as for producing novel functional food, and can be stored for a long time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to food processing field, relate to a kind of grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Grifola frondosus [Grifola frondosa (Dicks, ex Fr) S.F.Gray] has another name called polyporus frondosus, thousand Buddhist bacterium, chestnut mushroom, cloud gill fungus, lotus flower bacterium etc., and it is fine and soft that Japan is referred to as dance, the U.S. is referred to as jungle fowl, is subordinate to Basidiomycetes, how empty Zoopagales, Polyporaceae, Ramalina.Its meat is tender and crisp, flavor is such as shredded chicken, nutritious, its nutrient content detects each hectogram through Chinese Academy Of Preventive Medicine Research Institute Of Nutrition And Food Hygiene and Ministry of Agriculture's Product Quality Verification Centers and does and contain protein 25.2 grams in the grifola frondosus and (wherein contain 18 kind of 18.68 gram of amino acid needed by human body, wherein essential amino acid accounts for 45.5%), fat 3.2 grams, dietary fiber 33.7 grams, carbohydrate 21.4 grams, ash content 5.1 grams, be rich in the mineral matter (potassium of multiple beneficial, phosphorus, iron, zinc, calcium, copper, selenium, chromium etc.), abundant (the VE109.7 milligram of vitamin content, the VB11.47 milligram, the VB20.72 milligram, the VC17.0 milligram, 4.5 milligrams of carrotene).Various nutrients occupies first of the various edible mushrooms in the grifola frondosus, wherein VB1 and VE content are high approximately 10～20 times, VC content is its similar 3～5 times, protein and amino acid are 2 times of mushroom, can promote children's torso to grow up healthy and sound and intelligence development, relevant arginine and lysine content are high than the content of lysine in the Asparagus (1.024%) and arginine (1.231%); L-aminobutanedioic acid and the content of glutamic acid relevant with delicate flavour are higher, therefore are described as " edible mushroom prince " and " North China ginseng ".
Grifola frondosus has high medical health care function.According to reported in literature, it has the effect that suppresses hypertension and obesity; Owing to be rich in iron, copper and vitamin C, it can prevent anaemia, scurvy, leucoderma, prevents the generation of artery sclerosis and cerebral thrombus; Its selenium and chromium content are higher, protection liver, pancreas are arranged, the effect of prevention cirrhosis and diabetes; The Se content height makes it also have the Keshan disease of control, Kaschin-Beck disease and some cardiopathic function; Its double calcic and vitamin D, both cooperate, and can effectively prevent and treat rickets; The higher favourable brain development of zinc content, maintenance oxyopia promote wound healing; The vitamin E of high-load and selenium cooperate, and make it anti-ageing, strengthen memory and sensitivity.Grifola frondosus or noticeable anticarcinogen source, on the one hand, higher Se content has the effect of the cancer of resisting, especially contained grifolan (Grifolan), take beta glucan (glucan) as main, wherein active anticancer is the strongest, β-(1 with 6 side chains, 3)-and glucan accounts for sizable proportion, and it is said has stronger anti-cancer ability than the lentinan that has appeared on the market (Lentinan, Japanese PSK), coriolan (PSP in Shanghai) etc.; It is again fabulous immunomodulator simultaneously.As Chinese medicine, grifola frondosus and umbellate pore furgus equivalence can be controlled difficult urination, oedema, beriberi, cirrhotic ascites and diabetes etc., are very valuable medicinal fungis.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power and preparation method thereof.
The method for preparing grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power provided by the invention after comprising the steps: the grifola frondosus raw material carried out pre-freeze, lyophilization, parsing-desiccation and ultramicro grinding successively, obtains described grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power.
In the described pre-freeze step of said method, temperature is-26～-35 ℃, preferred-30 ℃; Time is 1.5-2 hour, preferred 1.5 hours.
In the described lyophilization step, condenser temperature is not higher than-28 ℃, and vacuum is 30-40Pa, and pressure was warming up to 10-30 ℃ with heating plate after reaching described vacuum in 30 minutes, and be 6-8 hour drying time.
This step is most important step in the grifola frondosus vacuum freeze drying process.Lyophilization also is vacuum freeze drying, and equipment therefor is vacuum freeze drier, by refrigeration system, vacuum system, heating system, electrical instrumentation composition of the control system.Its principle is: first material is frozen into below the eutectic temperature, make moisture become solid-state ice, then under higher vacuum, ice is directly distilled be steam, use again water vapour coagulator in the vacuum system with water vapor condensation, thereby obtain the method for dried product.Dry run is the process that the states of matter of water changes and shifts.The basic principle of vacuum freeze drying is exactly the mechanism of mass-and heat-transfer under the low-temp low-pressure.
At sublimation stage, material needs absorbing heat (every gram ice is sublimed into the heat that steam absorbs 2.8 kJ (kilojoule)s approximately fully), equal from the required heat of distillation interface effusion steam if pass to the heat at distillation interface, the temperature and pressure at the interface that then distils all reaches balance, and distillation is normally carried out.If the shortage of heat of supplying with, the distillation of ice have seized the heat of grifola frondosus self and the temperature at distillation interface is reduced, this can cause the reduction of rate of sublimation, will prolong whole drying time, and productivity ratio descends.If the steam of overflowing is less than the steam of distillation, then unnecessary steam is gathered in the distillation interface and makes increased pressure, and sublimation temperature improves, and causes at last the goods fusing, makes whole lyophilization failure.
In the described parsing-desiccation step, temperature of charge is 20-30 ℃, and vacuum is 30-40Pa, and condenser temperature is not higher than-28 ℃, and be 3-4 hour drying time.
In the described ultramicro grinding step, the granularity after the pulverizing is no more than 50 μ m.
In the described ultramicro grinding step, operating pressure is 6Pa～12Pa, and temperature is 25-40 ℃.
In order to obtain better crushing effect, also can according to actual conditions after described parsing-desiccation step, before the ultramicro grinding step, parsing-desiccation gained material tentatively be pulverized; In the described preliminary pulverising step, equipment therefor can be various reducing mechanisms commonly used, such as the plant pulverizer.
The described method for preparing grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power also comprised the steps: before described pre-freeze step, and described grifola frondosus raw material is torn minute, cleans and drain.
The grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power for preparing according to the method described above and contain the product of described grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power also belongs to protection scope of the present invention.Wherein, the water content of described grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power powder is not higher than 4%.Described product specifically can be drink, capsule or fruit juice.
Grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power provided by the invention, has unique physical and chemical performance, have good flowability, resistive connection and dispersiveness, and the nutritional labeling that has kept to the utmost the grifola frondosus raw material, and the powdery form of superfine is beneficial to other raw-food materials carries out composite processing, and digestion, absorption and the bioavailability that improves the grifola frondosus nutriment had extremely important effect.Grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power can be used as the primary raw material of preparation health drink, capsule, fruit juice etc., also can be used as the raw material of producing new function food, but and long preservation.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.Described method is conventional method if no special instructions.Described raw material all can get from open commercial sources if no special instructions.Described percentage composition if no special instructions, is the quality percentage composition.
Embodiment 1, grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power
Get fresh grifola frondosus as raw material, measure by the following method the indices of bright sample grifola frondosus raw material:
Determination of moisture method: seasoning.Be specially: accurate weighing sample 2-10g, put dryly, cool off and claim to the measuring cup that lid is arranged of constant weight, moves in 95-105 ℃ the normal pressure baking oven, take out behind the baking 2-4h that uncaps, add a cover to place and weigh after cooling off 0.5h in the drier.Dry by the fire again after one hour and weigh.Repeat this operation, until twice 2mg of being no more than of poor quality in front and back is dry rear constant weight, moisture=(constant weight after fresh weight (weight before dry)-drying)/fresh weight.
Soluble sugar assay method: measure soluble sugar content according to standard GB/T 6194-86 fruit, vegetables solubility assay method.Instrument and reagent preparation, same GB6194-86.
V
CAssay method: measure Vit C contents according to determination of total ascorbic acid method (DNPH method) in standard GB/T 12392-90 fruit, vegetables and the goods thereof.
Method of protein measurement: according to standard GB/T 8856-88, fruit, victual thick protein assay method are measured protein content.
Crude fibre assay method: cellulose assay method: according to standard GB/T 10469-89, fruit, the coarse-fibred assay method of vegetables (gravimetric method) are measured content of cellulose.
Above-mentioned indices testing result is as shown in table 1:
The index determining result of table 1, bright sample grifola frondosus
| Nutritional labeling | Bright sample |
| Bright sample water content (%) | 86.02 |
| Soluble sugar (%) | 40.03 |
| Vc（mg/100g） | 16.78 |
| Protein (%) | 30.51 |
| Crude fibre (%) | 9.87 |
Be prepared as follows grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power:
Choose fresh grifola frondosus raw material, take out inferior, impurity after, with the cleaning of grifola frondosus fruit, stoning, drain for subsequent use;
Grifola frondosus fruit after draining is carried out sabot, and sabot weight is 3kg/m
2, after lowering the temperature gradually 1.5 hours;
Carry out pre-freeze under-26 ℃ of temperature conditions, the dry storehouse condenser temperature is reduced to below-35 ℃ again, the cool chamber Pressure Drop is to 25Pa, reach described temperature and pressure after;
In 30 minutes, the dry storehouse temperature of heating plate is warming up to 10 ℃, then after keeping described vacuum and described temperature 8h, keep temperature of charge to carry out parsing-desiccation at 30 ℃, temperature of heating plate 30 degree, dryness storehouse pressure 25Pa, condenser temperature＜-35 ℃ keep 3h, discharging after making water content reach below 4% obtains the whole fruit of grifola frondosus freeze-drying;
Adopt immediately the plant pulverizer tentatively to pulverize the whole fruit of gained grifola frondosus freeze-drying again, then carry out the processing of low temperature ultramicro grinding with the airflow milling pulverizer, obtain ultra micro grifola frondosus nutrition full power provided by the invention, wherein, airflow milling pulverizer operating pressure is 6Pa, temperature is 20 ℃, requires grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power granularity to be no more than 50um.
As follows gained ultra micro grifola frondosus nutrition full power is carried out Quality Detection:
1, organoleptic detection
Sample is poured in the clean ceramic whiteware dish, with the naked eye directly observes color and luster, form and impurity are smelt its smell, taste flavour, and acquired results is as shown in table 2.
Table 2, organoleptic detection result
As seen from table, gained grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power has kept color and the local flavor of bright grifola frondosus; Product is the homogeneous powder powder, and without caking, dissolubility is good.
2, the detection of physical and chemical index
Detect soluble sugar content, Vc content, crude fiber content, the protein content for preparing in the gained grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power according to preceding method, the result shows that the water content of above-mentioned grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power is 3.23%, soluble sugar content is 39.37%, Vc content is 13.03mg/100g, protein content is 30.06%, and crude fiber content is 9.68%.
As can be known, this grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power can keep preferably and concentrated bright grifola frondosus in the multiple nutrients composition, such as sugar, vitamin, cellulose etc.
3, the shelf-life is detected
Preceding method is detected grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power after the preparation gained packing after normal temperature is placed 12 months, detect indices, obtaining its water content is 3.22%, soluble sugar content is 39.37%, Vc content is 13.02mg/100g, protein content is 30.06%, and crude fiber content is 9.67%.
The result shows that this grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power is after normal temperature is placed 12 months, and its color and luster, flavour and mouthfeel, shape are compared with firm preparation products obtained therefrom and had no significant change.
Embodiment 2, grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power
Get fresh grifola frondosus as raw material, detect according to embodiment 1 described method, acquired results is as shown in table 3:
The index determining result of table 3, bright sample grifola frondosus
| Nutritional labeling | Bright sample |
| Bright sample water content (%) | 85.02 |
| Soluble sugar (%) | 40.15 |
| Vc（mg/100g） | 15.96 |
| Protein (%) | 31.10 |
| Crude fibre (%) | 9.56 |
Be prepared as follows grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power:
Choose fresh grifola frondosus raw material, take out inferior, impurity after, with the cleaning of grifola frondosus fruit, stoning, drain for subsequent use;
Grifola frondosus fruit after draining is carried out sabot, and sabot weight is 3.75kg/m
2, after lowering the temperature gradually 1.5 hours;
Carry out pre-freeze under-30 ℃ of temperature conditions, the dry storehouse condenser temperature is reduced to below-35 ℃ again, the cool chamber Pressure Drop is to 35Pa, reach described temperature and pressure after;
In 30 minutes, the dry storehouse temperature of heating plate is warming up to 20 ℃, then after keeping described vacuum and described temperature 7h, keep temperature of charge to carry out parsing-desiccation at 25 ℃, temperature of heating plate 30 degree, dryness storehouse pressure 35Pa, condenser temperature＜-35 ℃ keep 3.5h, discharging after making water content reach below 4% obtains the whole fruit of grifola frondosus freeze-drying;
Adopt immediately the plant pulverizer tentatively to pulverize the whole fruit of gained grifola frondosus freeze-drying again, then carry out the processing of low temperature ultramicro grinding with the airflow milling pulverizer, obtain ultra micro grifola frondosus nutrition full power provided by the invention, wherein, airflow milling pulverizer operating pressure is 9Pa, temperature is 30 ℃, requires grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power granularity to be no more than 50um.
According to embodiment 1 described same procedure gained grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power is carried out Quality Detection, wherein, organoleptic detection result is as shown in table 4.
Table 4. organoleptic detection result
As seen from table, gained grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power has kept color and the local flavor of bright grifola frondosus, and product is the homogeneous powder powder, and without caking, dissolubility is good.
According to embodiment 1 described same procedure gained grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power is carried out the detection of physical and chemical index, the result is: water content is 3.32%, and soluble sugar content is that 40.03%, Vc content is 12.8mg/100g, protein content is 30.74%, and crude fiber content is 9.21%.
As can be known, this grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power can keep preferably and concentrated bright grifola frondosus in the multiple nutrients composition, such as sugar, vitamin, cellulose etc.
According to embodiment 1 described same procedure gained grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power being carried out the shelf-life detects, the result is: water content is 3.34%, and soluble sugar content is that 40.01%, Vc content is 12.5mg/100g, protein content is 30.72%, and crude fiber content is 9.20%.
The result shows that this grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power is after normal temperature is placed 12 months, and its color and luster, flavour and mouthfeel, shape are compared with firm preparation products obtained therefrom and had no significant change.
Embodiment 3, grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power
Get fresh grifola frondosus as raw material, detect according to embodiment 1 described method, acquired results is as shown in table 5:
The index determining result of table 5, bright sample grifola frondosus
| Nutritional labeling | Bright sample |
| Bright sample water content (%) | 84.10 |
| Soluble sugar (%) | 40.26 |
| Vc（mg/100g） | 16.06 |
| Protein (%) | 31.30 |
| Crude fibre (%) | 9.76 |
Be prepared as follows grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power:
Choose fresh grifola frondosus raw material, take out inferior, impurity after, with the cleaning of grifola frondosus fruit, stoning, drain for subsequent use;
Grifola frondosus fruit after draining is carried out sabot, and sabot weight is 4.5kg/m
2, after lowering the temperature gradually 2 hours;
Carry out pre-freeze under-35 ℃ of temperature conditions, the dry storehouse condenser temperature is reduced to below-35 ℃ again, the cool chamber Pressure Drop is to 50Pa, reach described temperature and pressure after;
In 30 minutes, the dry storehouse temperature of heating plate is warming up to 30 ℃, then after keeping described vacuum and described temperature 6h, keep temperature of charge to carry out parsing-desiccation at 20 ℃, temperature of heating plate 30 degree, dryness storehouse pressure 50Pa, condenser temperature＜-35 ℃ keep 4h, discharging after making water content reach below 4% obtains the whole fruit of grifola frondosus freeze-drying;
Adopt immediately the plant pulverizer tentatively to pulverize the whole fruit of gained grifola frondosus freeze-drying again, then carry out the processing of low temperature ultramicro grinding with the airflow milling pulverizer, obtain ultra micro grifola frondosus nutrition full power provided by the invention, wherein, airflow milling pulverizer operating pressure is 12Pa, temperature is 40 ℃, requires grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power granularity to be no more than 50um.
According to embodiment 1 described same procedure gained grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power is carried out Quality Detection, wherein, organoleptic detection result is as shown in table 6.
Table 6, organoleptic detection result
As seen from table, gained grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power has kept color and the local flavor of bright grifola frondosus, and product is the homogeneous powder powder, and without caking, dissolubility is good.
According to embodiment 1 described same procedure gained grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power is carried out the detection of physical and chemical index, the result is: water content is 3.15%, and soluble sugar content is that 40.12%, Vc content is 14.6mg/100g, protein content is 30.30%, and crude fiber content is 9.20%.
As can be known, this grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power can keep preferably and concentrated bright grifola frondosus in the multiple nutrients composition, such as sugar, vitamin, cellulose etc.
According to embodiment 1 described same procedure gained grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power being carried out the shelf-life detects, the result is: water content is 3.14%, and soluble sugar content is that 40.08%, Vc content is 14.6mg/100g, protein content is 30.28%, and crude fiber content is 9.19%.
The result shows that this grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power is after normal temperature is placed 12 months, and its color and luster, flavour and mouthfeel, shape are compared with firm preparation products obtained therefrom and had no significant change.
Claims (10)
1. method for preparing grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power after comprising the steps: the grifola frondosus raw material carried out pre-freeze, lyophilization, parsing-desiccation and ultramicro grinding successively, obtains described grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described pre-freeze step, temperature is-30～-35 ℃, preferred-30 ℃; Time is 1.5-2 hour, preferred 1.5 hours.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: in the described lyophilization step, condenser temperature is not higher than-28 ℃, and vacuum is 30-40Pa, pressure was warming up to 10-30 ℃ with heating plate after reaching described vacuum in 30 minutes, be 6-8 hour drying time.
4. arbitrary described method according to claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: in the described parsing-desiccation step, temperature of charge is 20-30 ℃, and vacuum is 30-40Pa, and condenser temperature is not higher than-28 ℃, and be 3-4 hour drying time.
5. arbitrary described method according to claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: in the described ultramicro grinding step, the granularity after the pulverizing is no more than 50 μ m.
6. arbitrary described method according to claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: in the described ultramicro grinding step, operating pressure is 6Pa～12Pa, and temperature is 25-40 ℃.
7. the grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power for preparing of the arbitrary described method of claim 1-6.
8. grifola frondosus ultra micro nutrition full power according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: the water content of described grifola frondosus is not higher than 4%.
9. the product that contains claim 7 or 8 described grifola frondosus.
10. product according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: described product is drink, capsule or fruit juice.
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| CN103535650A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-01-29 | 承德神栗食品有限公司 | Chinese chestnut superfine nutritional whole flour and preparation method thereof |
| CN104026444A (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-09-10 | 陆开云 | Kiwi fruit oat powder |
| CN104323221A (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2015-02-04 | 天津中科云健康装备科技有限公司 | Dried Grifola frondosa and preparation method thereof |
| CN106074628A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-11-09 | 南京海益思生物科技有限公司 | A kind of Grifola frondosa sheet and preparation method thereof |
| CN106562405A (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-04-19 | 江苏江大源生态生物科技股份有限公司 | Grifola frondosa ultra-micro nutritional whole powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN106722887A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-05-31 | 泸州德高生物科技有限公司 | Oral grifola frondosus freeze-dried powder and its production technology |
| CN108095089A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-01 | 吉林农业大学 | A kind of efficient complete utilization edible powder of grifola frondosus and its production method |
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| CN104026444A (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-09-10 | 陆开云 | Kiwi fruit oat powder |
| CN104323221A (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2015-02-04 | 天津中科云健康装备科技有限公司 | Dried Grifola frondosa and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106562405A (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-04-19 | 江苏江大源生态生物科技股份有限公司 | Grifola frondosa ultra-micro nutritional whole powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN106722887A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-05-31 | 泸州德高生物科技有限公司 | Oral grifola frondosus freeze-dried powder and its production technology |
| CN108095089A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-01 | 吉林农业大学 | A kind of efficient complete utilization edible powder of grifola frondosus and its production method |
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Application publication date: 20130102 |