CN103519160B - A kind of expanded grifola frondosus and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of expanded grifola frondosus and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103519160B CN103519160B CN201310519858.4A CN201310519858A CN103519160B CN 103519160 B CN103519160 B CN 103519160B CN 201310519858 A CN201310519858 A CN 201310519858A CN 103519160 B CN103519160 B CN 103519160B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L31/00—Edible extracts or preparations of fungi; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P30/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
- A23P30/30—Puffing or expanding
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of expanded grifola frondosus product and production method thereof.The method comprises the steps: grifola frondosus raw material to be positioned in Bulking tank to carry out changing temperature-pressure-difference and puffing, obtains described expanded grifola frondosus product.Described changing temperature-pressure-difference and puffing comprises: be 1) 90-120 DEG C in temperature by described grifola frondosus raw material in Bulking tank, keep being not more than 15 minutes under atmospheric pressure state; 2) keep the temperature of system identical with step 1), system is depressurized to vacuum state, change 3-5 time continuously between described atmospheric pressure state and vacuum state after, be cooled to 60-80 DEG C at vacuum state and keep 146-150 minute; 3) vacuum of system and step 2 is kept) identical, system is continued be cooled to 10-20 DEG C and keep breaking vacuum after 30-50 minute.The method does not add pigment and other additives etc. in process, remains color and the local flavor of grifola frondosus as far as possible, pure natural, safety and sanitation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to food processing field, relate to a kind of expanded grifola frondosus and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Grifola frondosus [Grifola frondosa] is under the jurisdiction of Basidiomycotina, Hymenomycetes, Aphyllophorales, Polyporaceae, and tree flower Pseudomonas, have another name called chestnut mushroom, polyporus frondosus, thousand Buddhist bacterium, cloud gill fungus, lotus flower bacterium etc., it is fine and soft that Japan is referred to as dance, and the U.S. is referred to as jungle fowl.Grifola frondosus is a kind of excellent food, the dual-purpose fungi of medicine in the world.Grifola frondosus fresh goods has unique faint scent taste, and flavour is delicious; Dry product has strong fragranced, and meat is tender crisp, and taste is as shredded chicken, crisp like yulan.Grifola frondosus high nutritive value, through surveying dry mushroom containing protein 24.6%, fat 2.42%, carbohydrate 47.5%(is crude fibre 11% wherein), moisture 18.4%, containing 18 seed amino acids, be rich in 9 seed amino acids of needed by human, isoleucine, leucine, lysine content are all higher than other edible mushrooms; In addition grifola frondosus contains abundant vitamin (vitamin C, B2, D2, E, nicotinic acid etc.) and trace element (as potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, selenium, zinc etc.), and its content is also higher than other edible mushrooms.
Grifola frondosus has high medical health care function.According to lot of documents, grifolan has multiple pharmacologically active, wherein obvious with D composition activity.Grifolan D component has effects such as improving function of immune system, regulate blood pressure and blood lipoid and cholesterol levels, be hypotensive, has certain curative effect to the disorder of AIDS, hypertension, obesity, diabetes and function of immune system.In addition, the growth of all right inhibition cancer cell of D component and transfer, have obvious antitumor action.Therefore grifola frondosus is a kind of edible mushroom of preciousness, is described as " edible mushroom prince " and " North China ginseng ".
It is edible that current grifola frondosus mostly is the cooking, about the converted products of grifola frondosus is less and form is single on market, is commonly dewatering drying product.Produce the new trend that crisp instant of edible mushroom of green natural is Edible mushroom processing industry.Food crisp process technology mainly contains vacuum frying, microwave drying and freeze drying etc., and vacuum frying can produce harmful material, and has fat residue in product; Although the product proterties of microwave drying and freeze drying processing is better, mouthfeel is poor and process equipment Meteorological is high, and energy resource consumption is large, is unfavorable for promoting and large-scale production.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of expanded grifola frondosus and preparation method thereof.
The method of the expanded grifola frondosus of preparation provided by the invention, comprises the steps: that grifola frondosus raw material is placed in Bulking tank carries out changing temperature-pressure-difference and puffing, obtains described expanded grifola frondosus.
In said method, described changing temperature-pressure-difference and puffing comprises the steps:
1) be 90-120 DEG C in temperature by described grifola frondosus raw material in Bulking tank, keep being not more than 15 minutes under atmospheric pressure state;
2) keep the temperature of system identical with step 1), system is depressurized to vacuum state, change 3-5 time continuously between described atmospheric pressure state and vacuum state after, be cooled to 60-80 DEG C at vacuum state and keep 146-150 minute;
3) vacuum of system and step 2 is kept) identical, system is continued be cooled to 10-20 DEG C and keep breaking vacuum after 30-50 minute.
In the step 1) of said method, described temperature is preferably 105 DEG C; The described retention time is preferably 10 minutes;
Step 2) in, the vacuum of described vacuum state is 0 to-0.1MPa, preferably-0.098MPa; The number of times of described conversion is preferably 4 times; In described cooling step, the temperature after cooling is preferably 70 DEG C, and the time used of lowering the temperature is 1-3 minute, preferably 2 minutes; Retention time is preferably 148 minutes; It is vacuumized by vacuum tank to be depressurized to vacuum state instantaneously that pressure declines.
Described step 2) specifically can be following steps a, b or c:
Wherein, step a comprises: keep the temperature of system identical with step 1), after system is depressurized to vacuum state, return to atmospheric pressure state immediately again, after again system being depressurized to vacuum state, return to atmospheric pressure state immediately, then after system is depressurized to vacuum state, is cooled to 60-80 DEG C at vacuum state and keeps 146-150 minute;
Step b comprises: keep the temperature of system identical with step 1), after system is depressurized to vacuum state, return to atmospheric pressure state immediately again, after again system being depressurized to vacuum state, return to atmospheric pressure state immediately, then after system is depressurized to vacuum state, then return to atmospheric pressure state immediately, after again system being depressurized to vacuum state, being cooled to 60-80 DEG C at vacuum state and keeping 146-150 minute;
Step c comprises: keep the temperature of system identical with step 1), after system is depressurized to vacuum state, return to atmospheric pressure state immediately again, then after system is depressurized to vacuum state, return to atmospheric pressure state immediately, after again system being depressurized to vacuum state, return to atmospheric pressure state immediately again, then after system is depressurized to vacuum state, then return to atmospheric pressure state immediately, after again system being depressurized to vacuum state, being cooled to 60-80 DEG C at vacuum state and keeping 146-150 minute;
In step 3), the temperature after cooling is preferably 15 DEG C, and the time of maintenance is preferably 40 minutes.
In described step 3) cooling step, the mode of cooling is all selected from least one in nature cooling and air-conditioning cooling.
Described breaking vacuum step is for return to atmospheric pressure state by system immediately by vacuum state; As by closing vacuum valve, open the step that atmos-valve realizes this breaking vacuum;
Described method also comprises: described grifola frondosus raw material being carried out the predrying mass percentage to wherein water before described changing temperature-pressure-difference and puffing step is 18-22%, be specially 19.4%, 20.3%, 21.1%, 19.4-21.1%, 19.4-20.3% or 20.3-21.1%.
Wherein, in described pre-drying step, temperature is 70-90 DEG C, preferably 80 DEG C, and the time is 3-5h, preferred 4h.
Described method also comprises:
After described pre-drying step, before described changing temperature-pressure-difference and puffing step, by with predrying after grifola frondosus raw material in closed container, store 24h.
Described method also comprises:
Before described pre-drying step, by the blanching 5 minutes in the water of 100 DEG C of described grifola frondosus raw material.
Above-mentioned grifola frondosus raw material grifola frondosus is carried out tearing point and cleaning.
Said method is suitable for the grifola frondosus of all kinds.
Prepare expanded grifola frondosus product and the product containing described expanded grifola frondosus product according to the method described above, also belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Method employing of the present invention is predrying makes expanded grifola frondosus with method that is changing temperature-pressure-difference and puffing drying.In puffing process repeatedly, grifola frondosus raw material scatters and disappears because of the instant vaporization of organization internal moisture, causes in raw cell or iuntercellular expands and forms uniform alveolate texture, and make product have good crisp brittleness, mouthfeel is good, easy to digest.The quality of this even porous also makes product be easy to water suction, has good rehydration.Product does not add any pigment and additive in process, remains color and the local flavor of grifola frondosus as far as possible, pure natural, safety and sanitation.
Expanded grifola frondosus of the present invention can retain the multiple nutrients composition in grifola frondosus preferably, as soluble sugar, cellulose, protein and grifolan D component.Expanded grifola frondosus water content of the present invention, generally at 3%-5%, makes the water activity of dilated product lower, is unfavorable for microbial growth, can preserve for a long time.In addition, adopt the grifola frondosus of changing temperature-pressure-difference and puffing in process not through the fried process of high temperature, the residual of grease is not had in product, this is maximum from the product of fried process different, also be the maximum advantage of this product, and product overcome fried product because not easily storing containing a small amount of grease, the variable of inferior quality shortcoming of local flavor.
The present invention adopts changing temperature-pressure-difference and puffing drying means, directly dries, expanded to grifola frondosus raw material, farthest maintains nutrition and the local flavor of raw material.Bulking equipment has compared with freeze drying equipment that applicability is wide, price is low, simple to operate, be easy to the features such as control, these advantages are conducive to popularization and the use of changing temperature-pressure-difference and puffing technology.
Expanded grifola frondosus product provided by the invention, directly as natural, green puffed leisure food or breakfast accesary foods, can carry and instant; Expanded grifola frondosus can as instant food, as the additive of instant noodles; In addition, this dilated product also can further across producing Novel edible bacterium nutrient powder after ultramicro grinding, as the raw material of production novel functional food (being particularly useful for children or the elderly); Grifola frondosus Ultramicro-powder also can directly be allocated as health drink.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.Described method is conventional method if no special instructions.Described raw material all can obtain from open commercial sources if no special instructions.Described percentage composition, if no special instructions, is mass percentage.
Embodiment 1, expanded grifola frondosus
One, the preparation of expanded grifola frondosus
Get fresh grifola frondosus as raw material, measure the indices of fresh sample grifola frondosus raw material by the following method:
Determination of moisture method: seasoning.Be specially: accurate weighing sample 2-10g, put dry, cool and claim have in the measuring cup of lid to constant weight, moving in the normal pressure baking oven of 95-105 DEG C, take out after the baking 2-4h that uncaps, add a cover after being placed in that drier is interior and cooling 0.5h and weigh.Weigh after drying one hour again.Repeat this operation, until twice, the front and back 2mg of being no more than of poor quality is the rear constant weight of drying, moisture=(fresh weight (before dry weight)-dry rear constant weight)/fresh weight.
Method of protein measurement: according to standard GB/T 8856-88, fruit, victual thick protein assay method measure protein content.
Crude fibre assay method: cellulose assay method: according to standard GB/T 10469-89, fruit, the coarse-fibred assay method of vegetables (gravimetric method) measure content of cellulose.
Soluble sugar assay method: measure soluble sugar content according to standard GB/T 6194-86 fruit, vegetables solubility assay method.Instrument and preparation of reagents, same to GB6194-86.
The extracting method of grifolan D component: fresh for grifola frondosus sample raw material is placed on hot air drier (the upper grand experimental facilities Co., Ltd of Nereid, electric heating constant-temperature blowing drying box: DHG-9123A type) in carry out drying, baking temperature is 80 DEG C, after dry 12h, with plant pulverizer, grifola frondosus raw meal is broken into powder; Expanded grifola frondosus product is directly ground into powder with plant pulverizer.100g grifola frondosus dry powder is with after 1000mL boiling water extracting 30min, cross leaching supernatant, add after the 4 DEG C of placements of equal-volume ethanol spend the night, filter and to obtain precipitation, resuspended with water, adding ethanol makes its final concentration be after 80%, 4 DEG C of placements are spent the night, the centrifugal 15min of 8000rpm, be precipitated and be grifolan D component crude product, after DEAE ion-exchange chromatography, concentrate drying, obtains grifolan D component.
Above-mentioned indices testing result is: the fresh sample water content of grifola frondosus is 85.32%, and containing protein 30.84%, crude fibre 9.48%, the fresh sample powder of soluble sugar 39.96%, 100g grifola frondosus extracts grifolan D component 253mg.
After choosing fresh grifola frondosus raw material, after taking out inferior, impurity, grifola frondosus to be torn point, cleaning, be prepared as follows expanded grifola frondosus:
1, pretreatment (blanching): with 100 DEG C of hot water blanchings 5 minutes.
2, predrying: pretreated for step 1 grifola frondosus raw material is placed on and carries out predrying in hot air drier (upper the grand experimental facilities Co., Ltd of Nereid, electric heating constant-temperature blowing drying box: DHG-9123A type), baking temperature is 80 DEG C, drying time 4h.Measure water content according to above-mentioned seasoning, result shows, the water content of dried grifola frondosus is 19.4%.
3, sam: the grifola frondosus raw material after step 2 pre-dried is carried out equal wet process, is placed on room temperature storage 24h in closed container by the raw material after pre-dried.
4, changing temperature-pressure-difference and puffing is dry
Technological process: pre-dried grifola frondosus raw material balance loads that Bulking tank, sealed cans, temperature-pressure, pressure release are expanded, alternating temperature vacuum dehydration, cooling, can opening.
Concrete steps are:
1) be positioned over by the grifola frondosus raw material after step 3 sam in Bulking tank (QDPH10-1 type, Tianjin Qin De new material Science and Technology Ltd.), heating to temperature is 105 DEG C, and normal pressure keeps 10 minutes;
2) open vacuum valve again Bulking tank is communicated with vacuum tank, vacuumize, pressure is reduced to instantaneously vacuum state that vacuum is-0.098MPa;
Close vacuum valve, open atmos-valve, make system recover normal pressure;
Open vacuum valve immediately again, make system reduce to the vacuum state of-0.098MPa instantaneously;
Close vacuum valve, open atmos-valve, make system recover normal pressure;
Open vacuum valve immediately again, make system reduce to the vacuum state of-0.098MPa instantaneously;
Close vacuum valve, open atmos-valve, make system recover normal pressure;
Open vacuum valve immediately again, make system reduce to the vacuum state of-0.0098MPa instantaneously, keep this pressure, temperature is down to 70 DEG C within the time of 2 minutes, then keep 148 minutes, make grifola frondosus feed moisture content be 3-5%;
3) in step 2) after, system temperature is first naturally cooled to room temperature again air-conditioning be cooled to 15 DEG C, keep breaking vacuum after 40 minutes, obtain expanded grifola frondosus provided by the invention.
5, classification, packaging: expanded grifola frondosus classification is adopted craft or automatic grader; Packaging adopts nitrogen-filled packaging.
Two, the Quality Detection of expanded grifola frondosus product
1, organoleptic detection
Be poured on by sample in clean ceramic whiteware dish, with the naked eye directly observe color and luster, form and impurity, smell its smell, taste flavour, result shows that the expanded grifola frondosus of above-mentioned preparation remains color and the local flavor of raw material; In raw cell or iuntercellular expand and form uniform alveolate texture, have good crisp brittleness, mouthfeel is good, easy to digest, and acquired results is as shown in table 1.
Table 1. organoleptic detection result
2, the detection of physical and chemical index
Protein content, crude fiber content, soluble sugar content, the D constituent content prepared in the expanded grifola frondosus of gained is detected according to preceding method.Result shows that the water content of above-mentioned expanded grifola frondosus is 3.32%, and protein content is 28.74%, and crude fiber content is 8.21%, and soluble sugar content is that the expanded grifola frondosus powder of 36.03%, 100g obtains grifolan D component 212mg.
Known, this expanded grifola frondosus can retain preferably and concentrate the multiple nutrients composition in fresh grifola frondosus, as soluble sugar, protein, cellulose etc.
3, in storage period, sense organ and physical and chemical index detect
Preceding method is detected the expanded grifola frondosus after preparing gained packaging after normal temperature places 12 months, detect indices, obtaining its water content is 3.34%, protein content is 28.72%, crude fiber content is 8.20%, soluble sugar content is that the expanded grifola frondosus powder of 36.01%, 100g obtains grifolan D component 210mg.
Result shows, this expanded grifola frondosus is after normal temperature places 12 months, and its color and luster, flavour and mouthfeel, shape, physical and chemical index and just preparing compared with products obtained therefrom has no significant change.
Embodiment 2, expanded grifola frondosus
One, the preparation of expanded grifola frondosus
Get fresh grifola frondosus as raw material, detect according to method described in embodiment 1, gained testing result is: the fresh sample water content of grifola frondosus is 85.82%, containing protein 31.05%, crude fibre 9.76%, the fresh sample powder of soluble sugar 40.03%, 100g grifola frondosus extracts grifolan D component 246mg.
After choosing fresh grifola frondosus raw material, after taking out inferior, impurity, grifola frondosus to be torn point, cleaning, be prepared as follows expanded grifola frondosus:
1, pretreatment (blanching): with embodiment 1;
2, predrying: pretreated for step 1 grifola frondosus raw material is placed on and carries out predrying in hot air drier (upper the grand experimental facilities Co., Ltd of Nereid, electric heating constant-temperature blowing drying box: DHG-9123A type), baking temperature is 70 DEG C, drying time 5h.Measure water content according to above-mentioned seasoning, result shows that the water content of dried grifola frondosus is 21.1%.
3, sam: the grifola frondosus raw material after step 2 pre-dried is carried out equal wet process, is placed on room temperature storage 24h in closed container by the raw material after pre-dried.
4, changing temperature-pressure-difference and puffing is dry
Technological process: pre-dried grifola frondosus raw material balance loads that Bulking tank, sealed cans, temperature-pressure, pressure release are expanded, alternating temperature vacuum dehydration, cooling, can opening.
Concrete steps are:
1) be positioned over by the grifola frondosus raw material after step 3 sam in Bulking tank (QDPH10-1 type, Tianjin Qin De new material Science and Technology Ltd.), heating to temperature is 90 DEG C, and normal pressure keeps 15 minutes;
2) open vacuum valve again Bulking tank is communicated with vacuum tank, vacuumize, pressure is reduced to instantaneously vacuum state that vacuum is-0.098MPa;
Close vacuum valve, open atmos-valve, make system recover normal pressure;
Open vacuum valve immediately again, make system reduce to the vacuum state of-0.098MPa instantaneously;
Close vacuum valve, open atmos-valve, make system recover normal pressure;
Open vacuum valve immediately again, make system reduce to the vacuum state of-0.0098MPa instantaneously, keep this pressure, temperature is down to 60 DEG C within the time of 1 minute, then keep 146 minutes, make grifola frondosus feed moisture content be 3-5%;
3) in step 2) after, system temperature is first naturally cooled to room temperature again air-conditioning be cooled to 10 DEG C, keep breaking vacuum after 30 minutes, obtain expanded grifola frondosus provided by the invention.
5, classification, packaging: expanded grifola frondosus classification is adopted craft or automatic grader; Packaging adopts nitrogen-filled packaging.
Two, the Quality Detection of expanded grifola frondosus product
1, organoleptic detection
Be poured on by sample in clean ceramic whiteware dish, with the naked eye directly observe color and luster, form and impurity, smell its smell, taste flavour, result shows that the expanded grifola frondosus of above-mentioned preparation remains color and the local flavor of raw material; In raw cell or iuntercellular expand and form uniform alveolate texture, have good crisp brittleness, mouthfeel is good, easy to digest, and acquired results is as shown in table 2.
Table 2. organoleptic detection result
2, the detection of physical and chemical index
The fresh sample water content of grifola frondosus is 85.82%, and containing protein 31.05%, crude fibre 9.76%, the fresh sample powder of soluble sugar 40.03%, 100g grifola frondosus extracts grifolan D component 246mg.
Protein content, soluble sugar content, crude fiber content, the D constituent content prepared in the expanded grifola frondosus of gained is detected according to preceding method, result shows that the water content of above-mentioned expanded grifola frondosus is 3.23%, protein content is 28.06%, soluble sugar content is 35.37%, crude fiber content is that the expanded powder of 8.68%, 100g extracts grifolan D component 204mg.
Known, this expanded grifola frondosus can retain preferably and concentrate the multiple nutrients composition in fresh grifola frondosus, as soluble sugar, protein, cellulose etc.
3, in storage period, sense organ and physical and chemical index detect
Preceding method is detected the expanded grifola frondosus after preparing gained packaging after normal temperature places 12 months, detect indices, obtaining its water content is 3.22%, protein content is 28.06%, crude fiber content is 8.67%, soluble sugar content is that the expanded powder of 35.37%, 100g extracts grifolan D component 201mg
Result shows, this expanded grifola frondosus is after normal temperature places 12 months, and its color and luster, flavour and mouthfeel, shape, physical and chemical index and just preparing compared with products obtained therefrom has no significant change.
Embodiment 3, expanded grifola frondosus
One, the preparation of expanded grifola frondosus
Get fresh grifola frondosus as raw material, detect according to method described in embodiment 1, gained testing result is: the fresh sample water content of grifola frondosus is 84.62%, containing protein 31.20%, crude fibre 9.72%, the fresh sample powder of soluble sugar 40.22%, 100g grifola frondosus extracts grifolan D component 249mg.
After choosing fresh grifola frondosus raw material, after taking out inferior, impurity, grifola frondosus to be torn point, cleaning, be prepared as follows expanded grifola frondosus:
1, pretreatment (blanching): with embodiment 1;
2, predrying: pretreated for step 1 grifola frondosus raw material is placed on and carries out predrying in hot air drier (upper the grand experimental facilities Co., Ltd of Nereid, electric heating constant-temperature blowing drying box: DHG-9123A type), baking temperature is 90 DEG C, drying time 3h.Measure water content according to above-mentioned seasoning, result shows that the water content of dried grifola frondosus is 20.3%.
3, sam: the grifola frondosus raw material after step 2 pre-dried is carried out equal wet process, is placed on room temperature storage 24h in closed container by the raw material after pre-dried.
4, changing temperature-pressure-difference and puffing is dry
Technological process: pre-dried grifola frondosus raw material balance loads that Bulking tank, sealed cans, temperature-pressure, pressure release are expanded, alternating temperature vacuum dehydration, cooling, can opening.
Concrete steps are:
1) be positioned over by the grifola frondosus raw material after step 3 sam in Bulking tank (QDPH10-1 type, Tianjin Qin De new material Science and Technology Ltd.), heating to temperature is 120 DEG C, and normal pressure keeps 5 minutes;
2) open vacuum valve again Bulking tank is communicated with vacuum tank, vacuumize, pressure is reduced to instantaneously vacuum state that vacuum is-0.098MPa;
Close vacuum valve, open atmos-valve, make system recover normal pressure;
Open vacuum valve immediately again, make system reduce to the vacuum state of-0.098MPa instantaneously;
Close vacuum valve, open atmos-valve, make system recover normal pressure;
Open vacuum valve immediately again, make system reduce to the vacuum state of-0.098MPa instantaneously;
Close vacuum valve, open atmos-valve, make system recover normal pressure;
Open vacuum valve immediately again, make system reduce to the vacuum state of-0.098MPa instantaneously;
Close vacuum valve, open atmos-valve, make system recover normal pressure;
Open vacuum valve immediately again, make system reduce to the vacuum state of-0.098MPa instantaneously, keep this pressure, temperature is down to 80 DEG C within the time of 3 minutes, then keep 150 minutes, make grifola frondosus feed moisture content be 3-5%;
3) in step 2) after, system temperature is first naturally cooled to room temperature again air-conditioning be cooled to 20 DEG C, keep breaking vacuum after 50 minutes, obtain expanded grifola frondosus provided by the invention.
5, classification, packaging: expanded grifola frondosus classification is adopted craft or automatic grader; Packaging adopts nitrogen-filled packaging.
Two, the Quality Detection of expanded grifola frondosus product
1, organoleptic detection
Be poured on by sample in clean ceramic whiteware dish, with the naked eye directly observe color and luster, form and impurity, smell its smell, taste flavour, result shows that the expanded grifola frondosus of above-mentioned preparation remains color and the local flavor of raw material; In raw cell or iuntercellular expand and form uniform alveolate texture, have good crisp brittleness, mouthfeel is good, easy to digest, and acquired results is as shown in table 3.
Table 3. organoleptic detection result
2, the detection of physical and chemical index
Get fresh grifola frondosus as raw material, detect according to method described in embodiment 1, gained testing result is: the fresh sample water content of grifola frondosus is 84.62%, containing protein 31.20%, crude fibre 9.72%, the fresh sample powder of soluble sugar 40.22%, 100g grifola frondosus extracts grifolan D component 249mg.
Protein content, crude fiber content, soluble sugar content, the D constituent content prepared in the expanded grifola frondosus of gained is detected according to preceding method, result shows that the water content of above-mentioned expanded grifola frondosus is 3.15%, protein content is 28.30%, crude fiber content is 8.20%, soluble sugar content is that the expanded grifola frondosus powder of 36.12%, 100g extracts grifolan D component 205mg.
Known, this expanded grifola frondosus can retain preferably and concentrate the multiple nutrients composition in fresh grifola frondosus, as soluble sugar, protein, cellulose etc.
3, in storage period, sense organ and physical and chemical index detect
Preceding method is detected the expanded grifola frondosus after preparing gained packaging after normal temperature places 12 months, detect indices, obtaining its water content is 3.14%, protein content is 28.28%, crude fiber content is 8.19%, soluble sugar content is that the expanded grifola frondosus powder of 36.08%, 100g extracts grifolan D component 203mg.
Result shows, this expanded grifola frondosus is after normal temperature places 12 months, and its color and luster, flavour and mouthfeel, shape, physical and chemical index and just preparing compared with products obtained therefrom has no significant change.
Claims (9)
1. prepare a method for expanded grifola frondosus, comprise the steps: that grifola frondosus raw material is placed in Bulking tank carries out changing temperature-pressure-difference and puffing, obtains described expanded grifola frondosus;
Described changing temperature-pressure-difference and puffing in turn includes the following steps:
1) be 105-120 DEG C in temperature by described grifola frondosus raw material in Bulking tank, keep being not more than 15 minutes under atmospheric pressure state;
2) temperature of system and step 1 is kept) identical, system is depressurized to vacuum state, change 3-5 time continuously between described atmospheric pressure state and vacuum state after, is cooled to 60-80 DEG C at vacuum state and keeps 146-150 minute;
3) vacuum of system and step 2 is kept) identical, system is continued be cooled to 10-20 DEG C and keep breaking vacuum after 30-50 minute;
Described method also comprises: described grifola frondosus raw material being carried out the predrying extremely wherein mass percentage of water before described changing temperature-pressure-difference and puffing step is 18-22%.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 1) in, temperature is 105 DEG C; The time kept is 10 minutes;
Step 2) in, the vacuum of described vacuum state is 0 to-0.1MPa; The described number of times changed is 3 times; In described cooling step, the time used of lowering the temperature is 1-3 minute; Retention time is 148 minutes;
Step 3) in, the temperature after cooling is 15 DEG C, and the time of maintenance is 40 minutes.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described step 2) in, the vacuum of described vacuum state is-0.098MPa; In described cooling step, the temperature after cooling is 70 DEG C, and the time used of lowering the temperature is 2 minutes.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 3) in cooling step, the mode of cooling be all selected from nature cooling and air-conditioning cool at least one.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described pre-drying step, and temperature is 70-90 DEG C; Time is 3-5h.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: in described pre-drying step, and temperature is 80 DEG C; Time is 4h.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described method also comprises:
After described pre-drying step, before described changing temperature-pressure-difference and puffing step, by with predrying after grifola frondosus raw material in closed container, store 24h.
8., according to the arbitrary described method of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that: described method also comprises:
Before described pre-drying step, by the blanching 5 minutes in the water of 100 DEG C of described grifola frondosus raw material.
9. the expanded grifola frondosus product for preparing of the arbitrary described method of claim 1-8.
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| CN103875797B (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2015-07-22 | 河南省农业科学院 | Drying method for fruits and vegetables |
| CN104431850B (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2017-07-28 | 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | A kind of method that utilization pressure difference explosion preconditioning technique prepares mulberries Ultramicro-powder |
| CN105166876A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2015-12-23 | 黑龙江省科学院微生物研究所 | Black fungus modifying method and application |
| CN108477602B (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2022-02-01 | 浙江中医药大学 | High-quality dendrobium officinale and variable-temperature differential pressure puffing drying method thereof |
| CN109875030A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-06-14 | 沈阳农业大学 | The crisp fruit of extruding elegant precious mushroom rich in delicate flavour |
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Address after: North Station in Chengde city of Hebei province village 067601 Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County wide town Patentee after: Chengde Shen Li food Limited by Share Ltd Patentee after: Institute of Agricultural Product Processing, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science Address before: 067600 Chengde City, Hebei province Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County North Village police station Patentee before: Chengde Shen Li Food Co., Ltd Patentee before: Institute of Agricultural Product Processing, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science |