CN102834209A - 烧结的齿轮 - Google Patents

烧结的齿轮 Download PDF

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CN102834209A
CN102834209A CN2011800182856A CN201180018285A CN102834209A CN 102834209 A CN102834209 A CN 102834209A CN 2011800182856 A CN2011800182856 A CN 2011800182856A CN 201180018285 A CN201180018285 A CN 201180018285A CN 102834209 A CN102834209 A CN 102834209A
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tooth
zone
flank
top layer
compacting
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CN102834209B (zh
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A.马勒
H.罗斯勒
C.桑德纳
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Miba Sinter Austria GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/08—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of toothed articles, e.g. gear wheels; of cam discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H5/00—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms
    • B21H5/02—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms with cylindrical outline, e.g. by means of die rolls
    • B21H5/022—Finishing gear teeth with cylindrical outline, e.g. burnishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/1103—Making porous workpieces or articles with particular physical characteristics
    • B22F3/1109—Inhomogenous pore distribution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
    • B22F3/164—Partial deformation or calibration
    • B22F3/168—Local deformation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
    • F16H55/06—Use of materials; Use of treatments of toothed members or worms to affect their intrinsic material properties
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing
    • Y10T74/19949—Teeth
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing
    • Y10T74/19949—Teeth
    • Y10T74/19963—Spur

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有齿(1)的烧结齿轮，所述齿(1)在齿面区域和齿根区域(2、3)中具有在所述齿面区域和齿根区域(2、3)之间的过渡部段(4)中保持连续的和压实的表层(7、8、9)，所述表层(7、8、9)的剩余孔隙率小于10%。为了提高承载能力，建议所述压实的表层(9)在所述齿面区域和齿根区域(2、3)之间的过渡部段(4)中的厚度比在相邻的齿面区域和齿根区域(2、3)中的厚度小。

Description

烧结的齿轮
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有齿的烧结齿轮，该齿在齿面和齿根区域中具有在齿面区域和齿根区域之间的过渡部段中保持连续的和压实的表层，该表层的剩余孔隙率小于10%。
背景技术
为了使在粉末冶金中制造的烧结齿轮在齿根区域获得更高的疲劳弯曲强度和在齿面区域获得更高的耐磨强度，(在EP 0 552 272 B1中)已知的是，齿轮已烧结的粉末金属坯料在齿面和齿根区域压实，因此可得到在很大程度上无孔的表层，这种表层在齿轮的啮合区域显著提高了许用承载能力。与之相关地(在US 5 884 527 A中)已知，最大剩余孔隙率为10%的压实的表层的厚度为380至1000μm。但(在US 7 556 864 B2中)也已经建议，将压实的表层设计为在齿根和齿面区域内具有不同的厚度。通过压实表层在齿面区域的厚度为500至1000μm，且该表层连续过渡为在齿根区域内的厚度为10至300μm的压实表层，一方面可以与出现的载荷相适配，另一方面可以降低噪声。
相互啮合的齿轮由于力的传递在齿根部承受弯曲的载荷，其中，最大应力出现在齿根区域和齿面区域之间的过渡部段中，并且其最大值出现在齿轮表面上。为了能够在载荷更大时承受这种弯曲应力，在齿根和齿面区域之间的过渡部段中使用具有足够厚度的压实表层，然而在实践中显示，即使在最大弯曲应力的区域中应用更厚的表层，也不能排除材料过载的危险。
发明内容
因此本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，这样构造开头所述类型的烧结齿轮，使得其承载能力能够得到显著提高。
所述技术问题按照本发明通过以下方式解决，即，压实的表层在齿面与齿根区域之间的过渡部段中的厚度比在相邻的齿面与齿根区域中的厚度小。
为了制造具有齿的烧结齿轮(该齿在齿面和齿根区域中具有压实的表层)，具有与要压实的表层相适配的余量的粉末金属坯料被烧结，然后借助构成对应啮合齿的挤压工具通过在余量区域中压实表层而调校至额定尺寸。在挤压工具的对应啮合齿滚动地啮合到烧结的粉末金属坯料的齿中时，在齿面和齿根区域之间的过渡部段中，挤压工具的对应啮合齿的齿尖基本上进入烧结的粉末金属坯料中，这会导致可能使材料损坏(例如材料成鳞状堆复层或材料堆叠)的程度极大的变形。通过减小烧结的粉末金属坯料的余量在齿面和齿根区域之间的过渡部段中的厚度，通过用挤压工具加工而造成的变形度可以被降低至不会导致材料成鳞片状或材料堆叠(可能影响压实材料的承载能力)的程度。出于这种原因，在齿面和齿根区域之间的过渡部段中的压实表层的厚度的减小会以意想不到的方式使具有良好齿根强度的烧结齿轮的承载能力明显提升。
如果在齿面和齿根区域之间的过渡部段中的压实表层的厚度最大为280μ，则产生了特别有利的设计条件，因为在这种情况下可以在通过将挤压工具的对应啮合齿滚动地啮合到烧结的粉末金属坯料的齿中而使表面压实的调校过程中很大程度地避免材料损伤。
附图说明
在附图中示例性地显示本发明的技术方案。在附图中：
图1以沿轴向法线剖切得到的示意剖视图示出按照本发明的烧结的齿轮的齿区域的局部；和
图2以较大比例示出齿的从齿面区域向齿根区域过渡的部段内的局部图。
具体实施方式
未进一步显示的烧结齿轮的齿1以传统方式构成齿面区域2和齿根区域3。在这两区域2和3之间的过渡部段标注为4并且通常由相对齿轴线5倾斜30°的与齿1的轮廓相切的切线6定义，如由图2可看出的那样。
在齿1的齿面和齿根区域2、3中设置压实的表层，该表层在齿面区域中标以7并且在齿根区域中标以8，其中，在过渡部段4中形成连续地过渡至表层7、8的表层9。所述压实的表层7、8和9具有小于10%的剩余孔隙率，所述剩余孔隙率朝向齿表面逐渐降低，因此在紧邻齿表面的区域中的材料预期基本密实无孔隙。压实的表层9在过渡部段4的区域中具有相对齿面和齿根区域2、3的压实表层7和8更小的厚度，该厚度小于280μm。齿根区域3中的压实表层8的厚度优选超过350μm。齿面区域2内的压实表层7可以以本身已知的方式具有500至1000μm之间的厚度，也可以具有更大的厚度。

Claims (2)

1.一种具有齿(1)的烧结齿轮，所述齿(1)在齿面区域和齿根区域(2、3)中具有在所述齿面区域和齿根区域(2、3)之间的过渡部段(4)中保持连续的和压实的表层(7、8、9)，所述表层(7、8、9)的剩余孔隙率小于10%，其特征在于，所述压实的表层(9)在所述齿面区域和齿根区域(2、3)之间的过渡部段(4)中的厚度比在相邻的齿面区域和齿根区域(2、3)中的厚度小。
2.按照权利要求1所述的烧结齿轮，其特征在于，所述压实的表层(9)在所述齿面区域和齿根区域(2、3)之间的过渡部段(4)中的厚度最大为280μm。
CN201180018285.6A 2010-08-31 2011-07-01 烧结的齿轮 Expired - Fee Related CN102834209B (zh)

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AT0145410A AT509456B1 (de) 2010-08-31 2010-08-31 Gesintertes zahnrad
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AT509456B1 (de) * 2010-08-31 2011-09-15 Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh Gesintertes zahnrad
CN104159687A (zh) * 2012-03-12 2014-11-19 Ntn株式会社 机械结构部件、烧结齿轮及生产机械结构部件和烧结齿轮的方法
WO2015089105A1 (en) 2013-12-09 2015-06-18 Respira Therapeutics, Inc. Pde5 inhibitor powder formulations and methods relating thereto
JP6326660B2 (ja) * 2014-11-12 2018-05-23 住友電工焼結合金株式会社 焼結体の非破壊検査方法
CN110788327A (zh) * 2019-12-09 2020-02-14 浙江钰易来汽摩零部件有限公司 一种粉末冶金齿轮的制造方法
US11707786B2 (en) 2020-04-17 2023-07-25 PMG Indiana LLC Apparatus and method for internal surface densification of powder metal articles
US11707792B2 (en) * 2020-09-28 2023-07-25 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Scattered topography rolling of powered metal gears
AT524675B1 (de) * 2021-06-08 2022-08-15 Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sinterbauteils mit einer Verzahnung

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AT509456A4 (de) 2011-09-15
WO2012027761A1 (de) 2012-03-08
CN102834209B (zh) 2015-05-06
BR112012024650A2 (pt) 2016-06-07
US20130008278A1 (en) 2013-01-10
EP2611560A1 (de) 2013-07-10
EP2611560B1 (de) 2018-01-17
BR112012024650B1 (pt) 2018-06-19
AT509456B1 (de) 2011-09-15
US8984981B2 (en) 2015-03-24

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