CN102822596A - 用于利用多个光源的高可控性光分布的设备、方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于利用多个光源的高可控性光分布的设备、方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN102822596A
CN102822596A CN2010800658459A CN201080065845A CN102822596A CN 102822596 A CN102822596 A CN 102822596A CN 2010800658459 A CN2010800658459 A CN 2010800658459A CN 201080065845 A CN201080065845 A CN 201080065845A CN 102822596 A CN102822596 A CN 102822596A
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CN102822596B (zh
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L·H·博克斯勒
C·P·利克依斯
L·C·麦基
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    • F21K9/00Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
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    • F21K9/68Details of reflectors forming part of the light source
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
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    • G02B19/00Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0019Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having reflective surfaces only (e.g. louvre systems, systems with multiple planar reflectors)
    • G02B19/0023Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having reflective surfaces only (e.g. louvre systems, systems with multiple planar reflectors) at least one surface having optical power
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0028Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed refractive and reflective surfaces, e.g. non-imaging catadioptric systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0047Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
    • G02B19/0061Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source the light source comprising a LED
    • G02B19/0066Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source the light source comprising a LED in the form of an LED array
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    • F21S8/08Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard
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    • F21V19/001Fastening of light sources or lamp holders the light sources being semiconductors devices, e.g. LEDs
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    • F21V29/00Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/502Cooling arrangements characterised by the adaptation for cooling of specific components
    • F21V29/507Cooling arrangements characterised by the adaptation for cooling of specific components of means for protecting lighting devices from damage, e.g. housings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V7/0066Reflectors for light sources specially adapted to cooperate with point like light sources; specially adapted to cooperate with light sources the shape of which is unspecified
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    • F21W2131/00Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/10Outdoor lighting
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    • F21W2131/105Outdoor lighting of arenas or the like
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    • F21W2131/00Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/10Outdoor lighting
    • F21W2131/107Outdoor lighting of the exterior of buildings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2105/00Planar light sources
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Abstract

本文公开了一种用于从多个固态光源产生可定制的合成光束的设备、方法和系统。每个光源与可独立调节的器材部件相关,所述可独立调节的器材部件允许满足多种照明需求。所述合成光束是从每个可调节的部件/光源的组合投射的光束的集成;每个独立光束是定制的形状或标准的形状。

Description

用于利用多个光源的高可控性光分布的设备、方法和系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2010年3月31日提交的序列号为No.12/751,519的美国申请的优先权,该美国申请是于2009年9月16日提交的共同待审的PCT申请No.PCT/US09/57090以及于2009年5月15日提交的序列号为No.12/467,160的共同待审的美国申请的部分继续申请,这两个申请要求于2008年9月16日提交的序列号为No.61/097,483的美国临时申请的优先权,通过引用将上述申请全文并入本文。
技术领域
本发明整体涉及用于照明的系统和方法。更具体地讲,本发明涉及一种利用发光二极管(LED)产生高可控性和高定制化光的可调节照明器材。
背景技术
在现有技术中,从器材投射的光通常通过在目标区域上看到的光的图案来表征;这通常被称作光束分布类型、光束类型或光束图案。光束分布类型在现有技术中是公知的,并且通过各组织(例如,照明工程协会(IES))被很好地定义和规范化。
通过使用光学元件(例如,反射或折射透镜),各种光源类型(例如,HID、LED)可产生特定的光束类型。例如,就LED而言,器材可包括多个LED光源,每个光源与光学器件连接,使得合成光束(即,从每个LED投射的每个光束的集合)是特定的光束分布类型。在现有技术中的以上器材的一个实例是THE EDGETM器材-可得自美国威斯康辛州斯特蒂文特(Sturtevant,WI)的贝塔照明设备公司(Beta Lighting Inc.)-其利用单一NANOOPTICTM折射器的阵列产生特定光束分布类型。
这种现有技术的方法的一个缺点在于:设计的光学器件仅用于产生单个光束类型;如果需要不同的光束类型,则需要对它们进行修改或替换。就LED而言,这可需要修改或替换许多光学器件。另外,这种器材提供很小的灵活性;II型光束图案(通过IES限定)可足以照明目标区域,但是如果目标区域发生变化(例如,将被照明的区域扩大、目标区域移动),或者光需要变化(例如,需要消除溢散光、需要控制眩光),则所述光束类型可能不再适于这种应用。当然,器材本身可关于特定轴线进行调节,以移动投射光的位置,但是这不会明显改变光束类型。
现有技术可受益于照明器材的改进设计,使得从所述器材投射的光可被定制以产生在工业中被良好定义和规范化的那些光束图案之外的光束图案。此外,如果照明器材的各部件可被制成标准尺寸使得所述部件可在现场被换进换出,以有利于投射光束类型的快速、简单和低成本定制,则本领域可受益。因此,在本领域中存在改进的空间。
发明内容
预想了用于照明器材的设备、方法和系统,其包括可调节的部件,以有利于对目标区域照明的定制,其定制方式是允许比现有技术的一些器材更好地控制光分布和光强。参照LED和LED照明描述本发明的实施例,然而,本发明的实施例等同地适用于其它固态光源、其它照明装置(例如,激光器)或允许多个光源一起封装在一个小区域中的其它器材。
因此,本发明的原理性目的、特征、优点或方面用于改进现有技术和/或解决现有技术中的问题和缺点。
本发明的其它目的、特征、优点或方面可包括以下一个或多个:
a、产生可包括标准光束分布类型和/或定制的光束类型的合成光束;
b、从多个独立光束产生合成光束,每个独立光束从选择的相对少数的器材部件产生;
c、相对于光源以保持对光分布的紧密控制的方式定位器材部件;以及
d、开发一种器材,其中器材部件可在安装之前进行瞄准,但是也可在安装之后被现场瞄准、调节或用其它器材部件更换。
本发明的一方面包括一种设备,其包括多个固态光源、定位环和光学部件。
本发明的另一方面包括一种设计光学系统的方法,所述光学系统包括以下一个或多个:(a)光分布构件和(b)光阻挡构件。
根据本发明的另一方面示于图1A中,其中可通过上面描述的设备或方法产生的合成光束200由来自单个器材10的独立光束210形成;注意到,在图1A中仅示出一些光束210,并不代表从器材10产生的光束的量。作为另外一种选择,如图1B所示,可由来自可固定到单个柱11的多个器材10的独立光束210形成合成光束220;同样,为了阐述和简明起见,仅示出几根光束210。
通过参照以下说明书,本发明的这些和其它目的、特点、优点或方面将变得更加清楚。
附图说明
在本说明书中有时将参照附图,附图通过附图标号进行标记并且概述如下。
图1A和图1B示出了根据本发明的一方面来自多个独立光束的合成光束的生成;
图2示出了根据本发明的至少一方面的一个可能的照明器材;
图3A示出了容纳在图2的照明器材中的子组件的透视图;
图3B以分解图的形式示出了图3A的子组件的各部件;
图3C以分解透视图的形式示出了图3A的子组件的一些部件的细节;
图4A-D示出了根据本发明的至少一方面的定位环的多个示图;
图5A-E示出了根据本发明的至少一方面的反射器的多个示图;
图6A-D示出了根据本发明的至少一方面的遮护基座的多个示图;
图7示出了根据本发明的至少一方面的电路板的俯视图(相对于图3A);
图8示出了根据本发明的至少一方面的固定板的俯视图(相对于图3A);
图9A和图9B示出了针对具有标准抛物面反射器的LED的光度数据,图9A示出了等烛光图,并且图9B示出了呎烛光图;
图9C和图9D示出了针对具有改进反射器的LED的光度数据,图9C示出了等烛光图,并且图9D示出了呎烛光图;
图9E和图9F示出了针对具有替代性的改进反射器的LED的光度数据,图9E示出了等烛光图,并且图9F示出了呎烛光图。
具体实施方式
A、概述
为了进一步理解本发明,将详细描述根据本发明的特定示例性实施例。在本说明书中将频繁提到附图。将使用标号指代附图中的特定零件。在整个附图中,相同的标号将用于指代相同的零件。
根据本发明的各方面,提供一种照明器材—使用LED或其它固态光源—用于投影可定制和可调节的合成光束;可定制是指可从相对少数量的器材部件实现理想的光束分布图案(其可以是或可以不是根据每个照明电器的标准光束图案),而可调节是指如果希望照明效果发生变化(例如,眩光控制、溢散光控制)则可现场更换部件。
如先前陈述的,投射的合成光束可由从单个器材(见图1A)或多个器材(见图1B)中的多个光源发射的光构成;类似地,合成光束可包括从被容纳在多个柱(见标号11)上的多个光源投射的光。还应该注意,根据前述PCT申请No.PCT/US09/57090、美国申请No.12/467,160、和美国临时申请No.61/097,483中的描述,合成光束可包括形状相似的重叠的独立光束(例如,以获得期望照明)、形状不同的重叠或并列的独立光束(例如,以获得期望的光束形状)或者用于解决照明需求的它们的一些组合。其实,合成光束可包括任意数量的独立光束,每个独立光束可在形状、大小、强度、瞄准度(aiming)和/或相对于器材的取向方面可调节,或以其它方式可调节。设计该合成光束的特定方法在通过引用被全文并入本文中的前述母专利申请中进行了讨论。
B、实施例1的示例性方法和设备
现在将利用上述概述实例的各方面描述更具体的示例性实施例。图2示出了一个可能的照明器材10,其容纳多个LED,并且包括:铝壳体14;可移动面板13,用于访问与LED(在照明领域内公知)相关的功率调节装置;可移动透镜15,用于访问LED和相关的光学器件;以及可调节安装关节12,用于将照明器材10安装到柱11或其它结构。如在通过引用并入的母专利申请中的描述,透镜15还可包括抗反射涂层,如照明领域中公知的那样,其可允许大于法向的多个入射角。
图3A-图3C示出了容纳在器材10内的子组件20,其包括热接口层27、LED电路板21、LED 22、定位环23、反射器24、遮护基座25和固定板26。如图所示,子组件20容纳带有相配的部件的二十四个LED;然而这是举例的方式而非限制的方式。
热接口层27可为任何可获得的类型;层27的主要目的是填充电路板21和壳体14之间的空间,以利于散热;壳体14用作LED 22的散热片。通过举例的方式而非限制的方式,LED 22可为购自美国北卡罗来纳州德罕(Durham,NC)的克里公司(Cree,Inc.)的XP-G型。
电路板21的详细视图示出于图7中。可看出,LED板21包括用于LED22的定位点31和关于定位点31(并因此关于LED 22)为定位环23定位的一对孔32。进一步参照图7,LED电路板21包括将板固定到壳体14的螺栓34(或类似部件)。孔33适于容纳穿过在图8中显示的固定板26延伸的螺栓(或类似部件)。可从图8中看出,固定板26的成形部分36形成为用于容纳电路板21中的螺栓34的螺栓头。穿过固定板26的螺栓35延伸穿过孔33并将固定板26和电路板21固定到壳体14。
图4A-D更详细地示出了定位环23;可看出,钉37适于安装在LED电路板21的孔32中。定位环23的脊38适于安装在遮护基座25(见图6A)的凹槽39中。当脊38安装在凹槽39中时,反射器24按照位置固定在遮护基座25中,并且相对于LED 22(见图3B和3C)可枢转。使用定位环23是相对于本领域现状的一个改进,因为其帮助将反射器24相对于LED 22对齐,根据一个估计,要求所述对齐方式为大约±0.02”,从而保持对光分布的充分控制。例如,根据现有技术的一个方法,带有预穿孔的大平板放置在光学元件上(与反射器24相似),从而对齐和在位置上固定所述光学元件。在起作用的同时,这种板必须相对于每个LED在整个部件的长度上保持公差,该公差为大约一英尺或更大。作为另外一种选择,定位环23的直径为大约一英寸,并且由于每个LED 22关联一个定位环,因此更容易实现每个LED的严格公差。
参照图6A-D,遮护基座25还包括抓握凸耳40、遮护件41、对准标记42和脊43。根据预想,遮护基座25是聚合物混合物,遮护件41被金属化以用作用于从LED 22发射的光的反射表面。遮护基座25适于使得脊43在固定板26下方通过抓握凸耳40、遮护件41和突出穿过板26的孔44的对齐标记42被压;见图3A。根据预想,遮护件41从水平方向(即,固定板26的平面)向上突出37°,但是其它角度、大小和形状的遮护件41也是可以的并且是可预想的。
图5A-E更详细地示出了反射器24;可看出,反射器包括:小平面45,它们在内表面上被金属化以帮助反射;以及槽口46,用于提供向下的照明。反射器24的凸耳47适于安装在遮护基座25的槽口48中,使得当定位环23的脊38位于遮护基座25的凹槽39中时,遮护件41和反射器24上的金属化表面彼此面对,并且相对于彼此固定、包围LED 22以及可关于LED 22枢转360°。根据预想,反射器24是通过在通过引用并入的母专利申请中描述的方法产生的改进的抛物面设计;然而这是举例的方式而非限制的方式。其它反射器设计是可以的并且可以预想的。例如,被设计为允许向下照射的反射器可在器材10的一些子组件20中使用,同时,在同一器材10中的其它子组件20使用反射器24;这种反射器的组合的设计允许在水平和竖直轴线二者上的合成光束的任何部分或全部具有可调节性。
然而,反射器24的设计提供优于先前设计的一些益处;即,创建更加适合于重叠以建立合成光束的较大、更均匀的光束图案的能力。例如,利用克里(Cree)XR-E LED,在目标区域上方,针对标准抛物面反射器10′,图9A和图9B分别示出了等烛光图和呎烛光图;应该注意的是,相对于最低点70°瞄准,以允许与图9C-9F进行更直接的比较。利用克里XR-E LED,在目标区域上方,针对在母专利申请中公开的改进的抛物面反射器10′,图9C和图9D分别示出了等烛光图和呎烛光图。利用克里XR-E LED,在目标区域上方,针对在10′的反射器24,图9E和图9F分别示出了等烛光图和呎烛光图。针对所述三个反射器设计的比较图示出了从斑点型(spot-type)光束(其中光从强光急剧转变为无光)至铺散型(spread-type)光束(其中投射光在整个扩大的被照射区域上逐渐转变)的发展。
根据一个可能的方法,照明设计师或其他人确定特定区域的照明需求(例如,尺寸、理想的照明水平),并确定哪个器材部件适于所述应用(例如,可采用不同形状的反射器24,可采用不同颜色或尺寸的LED 22)。电路板21经螺栓34、填充电路板21的底部和壳体14的内表面之间的空间的热接口层27固定到壳体14。LED 22随后布置在固定的板的定位点31上,并进行必须的电连接。随后,通过将环23的腿37布置在固定的电路板21的孔32中而将定位环23布置在LED 22周围。通过将反射器24的凸耳47固定在遮护基座25的切除部分48中,从而将反射器24布置在遮护基座25的中心孔中。随后,通过将定位环23的脊38固定在遮护基座25的凹槽39中,将反射器24/遮护基座25布置在定位环23上。
通过利用抓握凸耳40将遮护基座25/反射器24绕着LED 22枢转,从而将光学元件布置在它们正确的取向上;抓握凸耳40有利于所述设计,这是因为它们允许人将遮护基座25/反射器24绕着LED 22枢转而不用触碰金属化表面(并且所述触碰可能缩减金属化表面的有效性)或损坏部件。器材部件的初始取向可根据在通过引用并入的母专利申请中描述的方法或其它方法确定。
一旦所有的光学元件被取向、标志或以其它方式被瞄准,固定板26落入壳体14中,以光学元件为中心布置,并且将螺栓35紧固(根据描述,螺栓35在固定到壳体14之前,穿过固定的电路板21中的孔33,从而帮助确保将器材部件相对于彼此和相对于壳体14对齐)。进行剩余的电连接,透镜15固定到器材10,器材10安装到柱11并通电,并且器材10经安装关节12被对齐。如果在一些点处,照明需要改变、器材部件失效或变坏、或者发生其它状况,则器材部件的瞄准可通过松开螺栓35和经抓握凸耳40枢转遮护基座25/反射器24来改变;作为另外一种选择或除此之外,遮护基座25和/或反射器24可被关断(switched out)。如果光学元件被再对准,则所述变化可通过遮护基座25的对准标记42相对于板26(见图8)上的度量标记的位置变化进行量化。
C、其它选择和替代方案
本发明可采用许多形式和实施例。以上实例只是其中的一些。为了提供一些其它选择和替代方案,下面给出一些实例。
应该注意,LED 22在一些方面可不同于本文描述的那些LED,但是不脱离本发明的至少一些方面。例如,可使用其它类型的LED或其它固态源。作为另一实例,子组件20可包括比图示更多或更少的LED。作为另一实例,LED 22可在电路板21上按照错落图案布置。作为另一实例,可使用彩色LED。同样,反射器24和遮护件41可与本文所述的那些不同。例如,反射器24可更大或更小,或者可不具有设计上的槽口46;如所述,在同一器材中可使用反射器设计的组合。作为另一实例,遮护件41可比图示更陡或更窄。
作为另一实例,器材部件可在结构方面有所不同。例如,遮护件41和反射器24可包括形成的和抛光的铝,而非形成的聚合物带有金属化表面。
应该注意,如前所述,合成光束可包括任意数量的独立光束,每个光束可在形状、大小、强度、瞄准度和/或取向方面相对于器材可调节,或以其它方式可调节。此外,各种类型和各种设计的光学元件(即,LED、遮护件和反射器)的组合可用于子组件20中,以实现理想的合成光束。
作为另一选择,器材10的容纳功率调节装置的那部分(见用于容纳面板13的图2的下壳体部分)可与器材10的容纳子组件20的那部分(见用于容纳透镜15的图2的上壳体部分)热绝缘,或者可与之距离较远(例如,在固定到柱11的分离的封闭件中)。这可以是因为多个原因:尤其是,用于防止从LED 22发射的热损坏所述装置,或者允许因为服务或其它原因容易接触到所述装置。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于产生可调节和可定制的合成光束的照明器材,其包括:
a、壳体;
b、安装接口,用于将所述壳体安装到柱或其它支撑结构上;
c、固态光源,可安装到电路板上;
d、定位环,可在所述固态光源周围安装到电路板上;
e、光学部件,可安装到所述定位环上并适于绕着所述固态光源旋转;以及
f、用于当达到理想旋转位置时固定所述光学部件的位置的装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的照明器材,其特征在于,所述照明器材应用到多个固态光源、定位环和光学部件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的照明器材,其特征在于,所述多个固态光源包括LED。
4.根据权利要求2所述的照明器材,其特征在于,所述多个光学部件包括反射器、遮护件或它们的一些组合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的照明器材,其特征在于,所述多个光学部件包括至少两个不同类型和/或设计的反射器。
6.根据权利要求2所述的照明器材,其特征在于,所述用于固定所述光学部件的位置的装置包括在所述部件理想的旋转位置将所述部件压到所述壳体中。
7.根据权利要求2所述的照明器材,其特征在于,还包括热接口材料。
8.根据权利要求2所述的照明器材,其特征在于,固态光源、光学部件和所述光学部件关于所述光源的旋转位置包括光源/光学部件的组合。
9.根据权利要求8所述的照明器材,其特征在于,所述合成光束是从每个光源/光学部件的组合中产生的光束的集合。
10.根据权利要求9所述的照明器材,其特征在于,还包括多个光源/光学部件的组合。
11.一种照明目标区域的方法,该方法包括:
a、确定在所述目标区域的大小和理想照明水平;
b、通过选择以下的一个或多个而研发一种照明器材以提供确定大小和照明水平的照明:
i、光源;
ii、遮护件;
iii、反射器;
iv、遮护件和/或反射器相对于所述光源的位置;
v、所述器材相对于所述目标区域的位置;
c、其中所述照明器材包括多个光源、遮护件和/或反射器,其中的至少一个是可互换或可调节的;以及
d、用所述研发的照明器材照明所述目标区域。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:如果确定被需要或被要求,则在照明所述目标区域之后,改变对光源、遮护件、反射器、遮护件和/或反射器相对于所述光源的位置、和/或对所述器材相对于所述目标区域的位置的选择。
13.一种照明目标区域的方法,该方法包括:
a、设计针对所述目标区域的照明计划;
b、选择一个或多个照明器材以产生将用于所述照明计划中的合成光束,所述一个或多个照明器材中的至少一个包括壳体,在所述壳体中安装有一个或多个固态光源,所述一个或多个固态光源的每个具有光输出分布类型;
c、所述一个或多个固态光源的每个相对于所述壳体可调节或者可互换,以选择性地改变其光输出分布类型的至少一个参数;
d、使得所述一个或多个器材的所述合成光束可以通过所述一个或多个光源的所述至少一个参数的独立选择性改变被选择性地调节。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述合成光束包括标准光分布类型。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述合成光束包括定制的光分布类型。
16.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述至少一个参数包括:
a、光源的类型;或者
b、与所述光源相关的光学系统。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述光学系统可包括以下构件中的一个或多个:
a、光分布构件;以及
a、光阻挡构件。
18.一种用于产生光分布图案的设备,其包括:
a、多个固态光源;
b、壳体;
c、安装件,在所述壳体中,用于所述多个固态光源的每个;
d、所述安装件允许:
i、光源和/或用于所述光源的光学系统的互换或替代;以及
ii、相对于壳体中的安装位置,所述光源和/或光学系统的调节;
e、使得所述光分布图案可被选择性地成形、分布和/或导向。
19.根据权利要求18所述的设备,其特征在于,所述固态光源是LED。
20.根据权利要求18所述的设备,其特征在于,还包括在所述壳体上的用于将所述壳体安装到支承结构的可调节安装接口。
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