CN102820513A - High-gain dielectric resonator antenna applied to 60 GHz system - Google Patents
High-gain dielectric resonator antenna applied to 60 GHz system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-gain dielectric resonator antenna applied to a 60 GHz millimeter wave communication system, belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic propagation and receiving and provides a high-gain dielectric resonator antenna based on an H-shaped slot fractal uniplanar compact electromagnetic bandgap (HSF-UC-EBG) structure. The specific implementation is that a circle of HSF-UC-EBG structure is loaded around a radiating main body of a dielectric resonator antenna; and the high-gain dielectric resonator antenna is characterized in that the gain in a working frequency range of the antenna is effectively improved under the conditions of keeping size and section of the dielectric resonator antenna unchanged. The designed high-gain HSF-UC-EBG dielectric resonator antenna can be used in the 60 GHz millimeter wave communication system and provides guidance for designing a high-gain antenna which works in a high-frequency system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention provides the high gain medium resonant aerial of a kind of 60GHz of being applied to system, belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic propagation and reception.
Background technology
Broadband and wireless penetration is two very important aspects in the communication industry development main trend; The light of 60GHz carries radio frequency (Radio-over-Fiber; ROF) communication technology has very big application prospect because of the requirement of satisfying the high bandwidth wireless access, and also there is special requirement in the ROF system of 60GHz to antenna.
1, the antenna in the 60GHz system
Exempting from the 9GHz that is of licensed band bandwidth maximum in the world in the 60GHz system, is the 57GHz-66GHz frequency range that is proposed by Europe.The decay of 60GHz frequency band signals is big; Be inappropriate for long-distance transmissions (document 1; Ajung Kim; Young Hun Joo, and Yungsoo Kim.60GHz Wireless Communication Systems with Radio-over-Fiber Links for Indoor Wireless LANs.Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2004).The antenna surface ripple loss that works in the 60GHz frequency range is big; Feeder loss and stray radiation are obvious; These all can worsen antenna gain and directional diagram (document 2; S.K.Yong and C-C.Chong.An Overview of Multi-Gigabit Wireless Through Millineter Wave Technology:Potentials and Technical Challenges.EURASIP J.Wireless Commun.And Networking, 2007).60GHz frequency band signals wavelength is very short, and the circuit overall dimensions is little, and for the benefit of circuit is integrated, requires antenna to have the characteristics of small size, low section.Based on 60GHz system characteristics, require the antenna in the system under big bandwidth small size, to possess high-gain and high efficiency.
2, the merits and demerits of medium resonator antenna
The radiating principal of medium resonator antenna is that (Dielectric Resonator, DR), the DR that is used for antenna is made up of the microwave material of low-loss, high-k dielectric resonator.Medium resonator antenna is a kind of resonant aerial, and to the space radiation energy, because there is not the loss of metallic conductor, its radiation efficiency is very high through whole resonator surface.Because medium resonator antenna has advantages (document 3, Kwai-Man and Kwok-Wa Leung.Dielectric Resonator Antenna.2003) such as radiation efficiency height, size is little, bandwidth is wide, makes medium resonator antenna be applicable to the 60GHz system.The gain of medium resonator antenna is not high, how under the undersized prerequisite of maintenance, to improve the dielectric resonator gain and receives increasing concern.At present, the method for raising medium resonator antenna gain comprises: the medium substrate that strengthens medium resonator antenna; Cladding above medium resonator antenna; With medium resonator antenna group battle array etc.These methods can improve the gain of medium resonator antenna to a certain extent well, but these improve the method for gain or increased size or increased section, are not suitable for the undersized requirement of section over the ground of 60GHz system, are unfavorable for the integrated of circuit.
The present invention proposes the high gain medium resonant aerial of a kind of 60GHz of being applied to system, its outstanding feature is to improve antenna gain under antenna size and the section not changing.
3, the application of EBG structure in antenna
The notion of a.EBG structure and band gap properties thereof
Photonic crystal is the periodicity dielectric material with frequency band gap, is called as microwave photon or electromagnetic bandgap structure (Electronic Bandgap structure is called for short the EBG structure) in microwave, millimere-wave band.Early stage electromagnetic bandgap structure belongs to the Bragg scattering mechanism, and size is bigger, in practical application, is very limited.1999; The generation of " mushroom " type (Mushroom-like) EBG structure frequency band gap of D.Siecenpiper design causes (document 4, Dan Sievenpiper, Lijun Zhang by the resonance of unit itself; Romulo F.Jimenez Broas; Nicholas G. Alex ' opolous, Eli Yablonovitch.High-Impedance Electromagnetic Surfaces with a Forbidden Frequency Band, 1999); Do not receive the restriction of Bragg condition, size is less; The same year; The coplane compact electromagnetic bandgap structure (document 5 that proposes; Fei-Ran Yang, Kuang-Ping Ma, Yongxi Qian; Tatsuo Itoh.A Uniplanar Compact Photonic-Bandgap (UC-PBG) Structure and Its Applications for Microwave Circuits.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES; 1999) be based on resonance mechanism, comparing with Mushroom-like EBG structure does not need metallic vias yet, and processing technology is simple.
The EBG structure has two key properties, surface wave band gap and reflected phase will band gap.The surface wave impedance is with frequency change, and in certain resonant frequency range, the high surface wave propagation that stops of EBG surface wave impedance forms the surface wave band gap.In the reflected phase will band gap, the high surface impedance of the EBG body structure surface of printing has been blocked the propagation of electric current, has the homophase reflection characteristic for the plane electromagnetic wave of incident.
The present invention has utilized the surface wave band gap of the HSF-UC-EBG structure that is easy to the technology making, has realized keeping improving the medium resonator antenna gain under the size constancy in the 60GHz system.
The concrete application of b.EBG structure in antenna
The EBG structure can be improved antenna performance well: (1) is used as the EBG structure ground plate of antenna; Utilize the homophase reflection characteristic of EBG structure, can realize low profile antenna (document 6, Andrea Vallecchi; Javier R.De Luis; Filippo Capolino, and Franco De Flaviis.IEEE Low Profile Fully Planar Folded Dipole Antenna on a High Impedance Surface.Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, VOL.60; NO.1, January 2012); (2), utilize gain (document 7, Ju, the J. of the frequency selective characteristic raising antenna of EBG structure with the coating of EBG structure as antenna; Kim, D., Lee, W.J.and Choi; J.I., Wideband high-gain antenna using metamaterial superstrate with the zero reflactive index, Microwave Opt.Technol.Letter, vol.51; No.8, pp.19731976, Aug.2009); (3) the EBG structure is used as antenna and connects substrate; Utilize the surface wave characteristic of EBG structure, can improve bandwidth of operation and directional diagram (document 8, the Halim Boutayeb of antenna; Tayeb A.Denidni.Gain Enhancement of a Microstrip Patch Antenna Using a Cylindrical Electromagnetic Crystal Substrate.Transaction on Antennas and Propagation; VOL.55, NO.11, November 2007); (4) the EBG structure is used in the array antenna; Utilize the surface wave band gap of EBG structure; Reduce the mutual coupling between array, eliminate scanning blind spot (document 9, Fan Yang; Yahya Rahmat-Samii.Microstrip Antennas Integrated With Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) Structures:A Low Mutual Coupling Design for Array Applications.Transaction on Antennas and Propagation; VOL.51, NO.10, October 2003).
Present research for the EBG antenna; Mainly concentrating on EBG improves low-frequency range antenna performance, EBG and improves the aspects such as mutual coupling that micro-strip paster antenna performance, EBG are improved array antenna; Improve the high band antenna performance for EBG; Especially the research of high band medium resonator antenna performance is fewer, and the research of domestic this aspect does not almost have.Therefore, medium resonator antenna performance how to utilize the EBG structure to improve in the radio frequency system is a challenge.
The present invention has realized being applied to the high gain medium resonant aerial of 60GHz system through in medium resonator antenna, loading the HSF-UC-EBG structure, and this HSF-UC-EBG antenna is not having to have realized high-gain under varying sized and the section.
Summary of the invention
To of the requirement of 60GHz millimeter-wave communication system to antenna small size high-gain; The present invention provides the high gain medium resonant aerial of a kind of 60GHz of being applied to system; Its outstanding feature is to keep size and section constant down, effectively improving the medium resonator antenna gain.
The high-gain HSF-UC-EBG antenna of the 60GHz system that is applied to of the present invention's design comprises dielectric resonator, medium substrate, electromagnetic bandgap structure, microstrip feed line, ground plate.The electromagnetic bandgap structure that wherein loads is the HSF-UC-EBG structure of unit cross arrangement, through the cycle and the cell parameters of adjusting HSF-UC-EBG structure, thus the surface wave band gap cover antenna working frequency range of adjustment EBG structure; Then a circle HSF-UC-EBG structure is loaded into the antenna medium upper strata, and regulates the next surface wave that effectively suppresses of distance between HSF-UC-EBG structure and the antenna, realize high-gain aerial.
With respect to prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
1, the HSF-UC-EBG medium resonator antenna of the present invention's design; Because of having loaded the HSF-UC-EBG structure; Make energy be radiated the space in the concentrated area more, compare medium resonator antenna of the prior art and have higher gain, actual can be used in the 60GHz millimeter-wave communication system.
2, the HSF-UC-EBG structure that loads among the present invention makes the EBG band gap very wide because of having introduced the fractal and unit cross arrangement of one-level, and with respect to the EBG structure that is used to improve antenna performance in the prior art, surface wave band gap performance is excellent more.
3, the HSF-UC-EBG structure that loads among the present invention only needs to load a circle because of surface wave band gap excellent performance, just can suppress surface wave well, and with respect to EBG structure of the prior art, the number of turns of loading still less is more conducive to the integrated of circuit.
4, the present invention's high-gain aerial of the prior art relatively (big medium substrate increases antenna size, the coating antenna increases antenna section, antenna array increase size and needs complicated feed network); Antenna size, sectional thickness, feeding network do not change, and possess that size is little, section is low, the simple advantage of feeding network.
Operation principle of the present invention is following:
At first, generic media resonant aerial operation principle.Its operating frequency mainly receives the influence of dielectric resonator media type, size; The size of medium substrate is little to the influence of antenna working frequency range, but the gain of the size of medium substrate meeting appreciable impact antenna, medium substrate is big more, and antenna gain is big more; The energy of antenna is coupled in the size decision in coupling slit; Feeder line influences the impedance matching of antenna.Be covered with the substrate of metal level in the antenna system; Its metal surface is used as the ground plate of antenna more; During antenna work, on this layer metal surface, have surface wave and be excited out, the edge of this ripple medium substrate of propagating along the metal surface can be radiated the space; Reduce the gain of antenna, worsen the directional diagram of antenna.
Secondly, be used to improve the operation principle of the EBG structure of antenna performance.When electromagnetic wave is propagated, if wavelength and structural cycle are comparable multiple scattering will take place in the dielectric structure of period profile, make electromagnetic Energy distribution no longer continuous, thereby have a forbidden band, electromagnetic wave can not be propagated in the forbidden band.According to of the requirement of 60GHz system, choose HSF-UC-EBG structure and be loaded into antenna with miniaturization and broad-band gap characteristics to antenna small size high-gain.The HSF-UC-EBG structure has been introduced the one-level fractal structure, utilizes the self-similarity nature of fractal structure, makes under the same unit size, has increased effectively flowing of electric current, has wider bandwidth; Simultaneously, through the HSF-UC-EBG construction unit is carried out the cross arrangement mode, further realized the expansion of surface wave band gap.
At last, the EBG structure is improved the principle of antenna performance.The HSF-UC-EBG structure is loaded into the antenna medium upper strata, makes the whole working frequency range of its surface wave band gap cover antenna, because in the surface wave band gap; Any electromagnetic wave all can not be propagated; The surface wave loss that this has reduced antenna makes energy pass through aerial radiation to the space in the concentrated area more, has improved the directionality of antenna energy; Thereby improved the gain of antenna, improved the directional diagram of antenna.Because the HSF-UC-EBG structure has miniaturization and broad-band gap, making antenna under the prerequisite of not varying sized and section, improve gain becomes possibility.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of generic media resonant aerial, and wherein Fig. 1 (a) is an overview, and Fig. 1 (b) is an end view.The cylindrical dielectric resonator that the present invention adopts, the resonator dielectric constant is ε
Ra=10.2, height H
d=0.5mm, radius R
d=1.5mm.The relative dielectric constant of medium substrate is ε
R1=2.2, thickness is h
1=0.254mm, the length of medium substrate of the present invention is SubLength=7.5mm, width S ubWidth=7.5mm.Antenna adopts slit coupling feed, and the coupling slit is positioned at the centre of medium resonator antenna ground plate, the length L s=1.5mm in slit, width W
s=0.2mm.The feeder line width is W
St=0.2mm, feeder line medium dielectric constant is ε
R2=2.2, thickness is h
2=0.127mm.
Fig. 2 is HSF-UC-EBG structure and the performance thereof that is used to improve the medium resonator antenna performance.Fig. 2 (a) is for introducing the HSF-UC-EBG structural representation of the fractal unit cross arrangement of one-level; Fig. 2 (b) is the cell schematics of HSF-UC-EBG structure, and this HSF-UC-EBG construction unit has been introduced the fractal H type groove of one-level, P=1.5mm wherein, L=0.8mm, W=0.08mm.Through measurement port 1 to the transmission of power of port 2 can this structure band gap, among the present invention the surface wave band gap be S21＜-frequency range of 20dB; Shown in Fig. 2 (c): the surface wave band gap is 38GHz-47GHz and 54GHz-82GHz, and wherein the band gap of 54-82GHz has covered the working frequency range of antenna shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 is a HSF-UC-EBG medium resonator antenna structure, and wherein Fig. 3 (a) is an overview, and Fig. 3 (b) is an end view.Except that the HSF-UC-EBG structure that loads, each parameter is in full accord among remaining parameter and Fig. 1, that is: the resonator dielectric constant is ε
Ra=10.2, height H
d=0.5mm, radius R
d=1.5mm; The relative dielectric constant of medium substrate is ε
R1=2.2, thickness is h
1=0.254mm, the length of medium substrate of the present invention is SubLength=7.5mm, width S ubWidth=7.5mm; The coupling slit of slit coupling feed is positioned at the centre of base plate, the length L in slit
s=1.5mm, width W
s=0.2mm; The feeder line width is W
St=0.2mm, feeder line medium dielectric constant is ε
R2=2.2, thickness is h
2=0.127mm.HSF-UC-EBG is loaded into the upper surface of antenna medium, and the HSF-UC-EBG structure of loading is consistent with physical dimension shown in Figure 2, that is: structure is the HSF-UC-EBG of unit cross arrangement, cell size P=1.5mm, L=0.8mm, W=0.08mm.Distance between antenna and the EBG structure is D
Ae=2.25mm.
Fig. 4 is generic media resonant aerial and high-gain HSF-UC-EBG medium resonator antenna return loss performance.General Definition return loss is working frequency range less than the frequency range of-10dB in the engineering, and as can beappreciated from fig. 4, the working frequency range of generic media resonant aerial is 54.8GHz-66GHz; The working frequency range of HSF-UC-EBG medium resonator antenna is 54GHz-66GHz; Can know; The working frequency range of common day dielectric resonator line and high-gain HSF-UC-EBG medium resonator antenna has all been contained the licensed band of exempting from of 57GHz-66GHz in the whole 60GHz millimeter-wave systems; Both return loss performance basically identicals; The relative generic media resonant aerial of high-gain HSF-UC-EBG medium resonator antenna bandwidth of operation slightly increases, and can know and can ignore the influence of antenna bandwidth of operation after loading the HSF-UC-EBG structure.
Fig. 5 is the gain performance of generic media resonant aerial and high-gain HSF-UC-EBG medium resonator antenna.As can beappreciated from fig. 5, minimum gain value is 4.4dB in the generic media resonant aerial working frequency range, and maxgain value is 7.4dB; The minimum gain value of HSF-UC-EBG antenna in working frequency range is 6.8dB, and maxgain value is 9.2dB.The gain of the relative generic media resonant aerial of HSF-UC-EBG medium resonator antenna in whole working frequency range all increases, and minimum gain value is brought up to 6.8dB from 4.4dB, and the maximum gain yield value is brought up to 9.2dB from 7.4dB.From then on figure can find out, the present invention does not influence under the antenna bandwidth of operation not changing antenna size after loading the HSF-UC-EBG structure, and the gain of antenna has obtained effective raising.
Fig. 6 is generic media resonant aerial and high-gain HSF-UC-EBG medium resonator antenna directional diagram performance.Fig. 6 (a) is the directional diagram on E plane; As can be seen from the figure; The directional diagram wave beam of high-gain HSF-UC-EBG medium resonator antenna is more flat, and it is more concentrated to make high-gain HSF-UC-EBG medium resonator antenna be radiated the energy in space, thereby has effectively improved the gain of antenna; Simultaneously, the relative generic media resonant aerial of the directional diagram of high-gain HSF-UC-EBG medium resonator antenna directional diagram is symmetry more, and the directional diagram performance that further specifies antenna is better.Can find out that from Fig. 6 (b) the HSF-UC-EBG medium resonator antenna is bigger at the peak gain of H face.Can find out from antenna pattern, the medium resonator antenna of the introducing HSF-UC-EBG structure that the present invention proposes, relative generic media resonant aerial gains to have had and significantly improves.
Embodiment
The specific embodiment of the invention is described below.
The first, the medium resonator antenna that selected bandwidth meets the demands.According to of the requirement of 60GHz system to antenna small size, high efficiency, broadband, reach medium resonator antenna broadband, small size, high efficiency characteristics, comprise the antenna of 57GHz-66GHz according to the theoretical selected bandwidth of operation of medium resonator antenna.The antenna integral layout is shown in Fig. 1 (a), and the concrete structure parameter of antenna is shown in Fig. 1 (a) and Fig. 1 (b).Its DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS of cylindrical dielectric resonator
Ra=10.2, the dielectric resonator height H
d=0.5mm, radius R
d=1.5mm.Dielectric substrate thickness h
1=0.257mm, medium substrate length SubLength=7.5mm, width S ubWidth=7.5mm, DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS
R1=2.2.The coupling slit is positioned at the centre of dielectric resonator, gap length L
s=1.5mm, width W
s=0.2mm.The width W of feeder line
St=0.38mm, feeder line medium dielectric constant is ε
R2=2.2, thickness h
2=0.127mm.
The second, the EBG structure that design performance meets the demands.The EBG structure of design should satisfy following requirement: the working frequency range of surface wave band gap cover antenna; The EBG structure will possess the characteristics of miniaturization and broad-band gap.Can know that according to Fig. 4 the antenna working frequency range is 54GHz-66GHz, all effectively improved, require the surface wave band gap of EBG structure to cover this frequency range at least in order to make the antenna gain in the whole working frequency range.Can know that from Fig. 2 (c) a surface wave band gap of H type groove is 54GHz-66GHz, and the surface wave band gap is darker, thereby the EBG cell list ground roll that loads seldom can both obtain fine inhibition.Can be known by Fig. 2 (b) that again it is fractal that this HSF-UC-EBG structure has been introduced one-level, increased path of current effectively, its unit cycle P has only 1.5mm, has the miniaturization characteristics; Fractal structure has self-similarity nature, can be known by Fig. 2 (c), and this HSF-UC-EBG structure has two surface wave band gap under P=1.5mm, so this HSF-UC-EBG has the broad-band gap characteristics.
The 3rd, the HSF-UC-EBG structure is combined with medium resonator antenna, finally design a high-gain aerial.The HSF-UC-EBG structure of surface wave band gap cover antenna working frequency range is loaded into the upper surface of antenna medium.Integral layout shown in Fig. 3 (a), the antenna that obtains function admirable through the EBG unit number that regulate to load and the distance between EBG and the antenna.Can be known that by Fig. 2 (c) this EBG structure band gap is darker, the present invention has only loaded a circle EBG; EBG structure and antenna apart from selection principle: both distances can not be too little, otherwise the mutual coupling meeting between EBG and the antenna worsens the return loss of antenna; Can not be too big, otherwise can influence the rejection of EBG structure to surface wave, and can increase the size of antenna.HSF-UC-EBG and antenna distance D among the present invention
Ae=2.25mm, this makes the influence of mutual coupling between HSF-UC-EBG structure and the antenna enough little, does not influence the return loss performance of antenna; Simultaneously can effectively suppress surface wave, keep the size constancy of antenna.Because the antenna working frequency range drops in the surface wave band gap of EBG structure; Make fringe radiation that surface wave can not be through medium substrate to the space; Thereby make energy pass through aerial radiation in the concentrated area more; Improve the directionality of antenna, and then improved the gain of antenna, and improved the directional diagram of antenna.
Claims (5)
1. the high-gain HSF-UC-EBG medium resonator antenna of a kind of 60GHz of working in system is proposed; Comprise dielectric resonator, medium substrate, electromagnetic bandgap structure, microstrip feed line, ground plate; It is characterized in that: around antenna, loaded a circle HSF-UC-EBG structure, the HSF-UC-EBG structure of loading is positioned at the medium upper strata.
2. medium resonator antenna according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: a circle HSF-UC-EBG construction unit of loading has the flute length and the groove width of specific dimensions.
3. medium resonator antenna according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: a circle HSF-UC-EBG structure of loading has specific unit combination form.
4. medium resonator antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that: has particular distance between a circle HSF-UC-EBG structure of loading and the medium resonator antenna.
5. one kind is keeping improving the method that 60GHz system medium resonant aerial gains under the antenna size; It is characterized in that: enclose HSF-UC-EBG structure with small size and broad-band gap characteristic through loading one; The parameter of adjustment HSF-UC-EBG structure; Regulate the distance between HSF-UC-EBG structure and the antenna, make keeping effectively having improved antenna gain under the antenna size.
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| CN111191363A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-22 | 西安电子科技大学 | Design method of on-chip antenna based on artificial magnetic conductor and dielectric resonator |
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