CN102802925B - 复合连杆制造方法和根据该方法得到的连杆 - Google Patents

复合连杆制造方法和根据该方法得到的连杆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102802925B
CN102802925B CN201080028322.7A CN201080028322A CN102802925B CN 102802925 B CN102802925 B CN 102802925B CN 201080028322 A CN201080028322 A CN 201080028322A CN 102802925 B CN102802925 B CN 102802925B
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China
Prior art keywords
connecting rod
hollow cylindrical
cylindrical part
end connector
conical section
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Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201080028322.7A
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English (en)
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CN102802925A (zh
Inventor
B·博弗鲁
D·达尔代纳
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BD INVENT SA
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BD INVENT SA
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/86Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/56Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
    • B29C53/58Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically
    • B29C53/583Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically for making tubular articles with particular features
    • B29C53/585Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically for making tubular articles with particular features the cross-section varying along their axis, e.g. tapered, with ribs, or threads, with socket-ends
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1222Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/543Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining more than two hollow-preforms to form said hollow articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B29C66/612Making circumferential joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141Fibres of continuous length
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/744Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to elements other than metals
    • B29C66/7444Carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/32Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core on a rotating mould, former or core
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/72Encapsulating inserts having non-encapsulated projections, e.g. extremities or terminal portions of electrical components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/84Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks by moulding material on preformed parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/86Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding
    • B29C70/865Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding completely encapsulated
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C7/00Connecting-rods or like links pivoted at both ends; Construction of connecting-rod heads
    • F16C7/02Constructions of connecting-rods with constant length
    • F16C7/026Constructions of connecting-rods with constant length made of fibre reinforced resin
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C53/56Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7316Surface properties
    • B29C66/73161Roughness or rugosity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K2707/00Use of elements other than metals for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2707/04Carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/06Rods, e.g. connecting rods, rails, stakes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/748Machines or parts thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B29L2031/75Shafts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/21Elements
    • Y10T74/2142Pitmans and connecting rods

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及连杆制造方法,其相继包括至少以下步骤:a)形成内体(18);b)将内体(18)的端部附接于每个端接头的具有减小外径的端部(5),内体(18)端部承靠在端接头肩部(6)上;c)将第二芯模(19)的第一部分(19a)插入每个端接头的中空柱形部分(1)中,在第二芯模(19)的第二部分(19b)的自由端部放置驱动钳夹(20);d)将预浸纤维(16)缠绕在由内体(18)、端接头(1、3、4)和第二芯模(19)的无钳夹(20)的第二部分(19b)所形成的组合体的外表面上,纤维(16)因而形成外体(21);e)取开钳夹(20)后,使内体(18)和外体(21)聚合以形成聚合单体(22);f)取出第二芯模(19)并将聚合单体(22)切割到所需长度。

Description

复合连杆制造方法和根据该方法得到的连杆
技术领域
本发明涉及制造复合连杆的方法。本发明更特别但不排它地涉及制造可用于航空和航天领域的连杆的方法。
本发明还涉及根据该方法得到的连杆和涉及用于制造连杆的端接头。
背景技术
众所周知,连杆是或用于加强或用于传递运动的组成件。通过连杆传递的力主要是在连杆端部的阻力矩基础上的拉张力、压缩力和弯曲力。
在航空领域使用大量连杆。可列举出在用于飞行控制、起落架、门开启的机构等中使用连杆。作为示例,图1表示带有非完全的不同的端部固定部件的连杆的整体示意图;这些固定部件保证连杆固定于这样的机构:连杆应传递运动给所述机构或者连杆应从所述机构接受运动或保证机构的固定。
连杆是应满足多个标准的组成件。连杆必须能够耐受很大的热变化,连杆承受-55℃到120℃之间振荡的温度。连杆还必须具有尽可能高的机械强度/重量比。为此,连杆应是空心设计,并且连杆体的中心部分的壁厚比位于端部的部分要薄,如下面将要描述的,端接头的固定处于所述端部(见图2)。
在最通用的连杆设计中,连杆根据它们的应用由铝或不锈钢制成。
市场上还有复合材料制的连杆。
连杆可以是整体件类型的,如图3所示。文献FR2705610A1中描述了这类连杆的制造方法。所述方法在于将预浸纤维铺放在具有与连杆形状对应的形状并可取出的芯模上。因而使得到的组合体聚合并同时在组合体的整个外表面上施加均匀压力,最后,在取出芯模后,将连杆加工到需要的尺寸。该方法比较麻烦,并且需要具有复杂形状的芯模的存在和芯模的取出。
还从文献GB2008484A了解一种制造连杆的方法,其中用纤维增强塑料材料包围可熔消芯模和每个终端件的锚固部分(固定部件),以使得在塑料材料聚合时,连杆是单体构件。可熔消的芯模是薄壁金属管、膨胀材料管或纤维增强塑料材料薄壁管。在该实施方式中,对芯模和聚合层使用不同材料的结果是使用时会出现热膨胀差。这些热膨胀差将表现为出现裂纹和界面剥离。在管还由有机基质复合材料制成的情况下,对芯模和聚合层使用不同的树脂还表现为污染问题和老化问题。通常地,当使用不同材料来制成连杆体时,通过连杆体截面观察到不连续性和孔隙性。
还存在带有附加并粘接于复合连杆体的金属端接头的连杆(见图4:连杆体和端接头分别用阴影线和无阴影线来表示)。这类组装的缺点是使连杆体变得脆弱。当在连杆的金属端接头上拉张时,粘接剂以弹性方式工作并在金属端接头与复合材料制部分之间产生间隙(见图5(a))。当端接头紧压在连杆上时,粘接剂始终以弹性方式工作和导致金属端接头与复合材料制部分之间的压靠(见图5(b))。在疲劳周期,该现象将在复合材料连杆体上产生裂纹,极大地缩短连杆的寿命(见图5(c))。
发明内容
发明的目的
本发明的目的是提供一种可以克服现有技术缺点的方法。
更特别的是,本发明的目的是实施具有完全均匀的结构、没有任何孔隙并满足机械强度和热阻标准的连杆。
本发明的目的还在于利用一种接近传统方法的方法实现连杆,但该方法产生低廉的制造成本同时避免粘合组装的缺点。
本发明的主要特征元素
本发明涉及制造连杆的方法,连杆包括复合材料制的连杆体和至少一端接头,所述端接头相继包括第一中空柱形部分、中空锥形部分、和第二中空柱形部分,所述第二中空柱形部分终止于由肩部限定的外径减小的端部,所述方法相继包括至少以下步骤:
a)通过以下子步骤形成内体:
-通过将预浸纤维缠绕在在转动的第一芯模上来制备管,所述管的壁厚等于肩部的高度,并且管的外径等于第二中空柱形部分的最大外径;
-使管聚合;
-从管中取出第一芯模;
-将管按长度切割,并打毛糙管外表面,因而形成内体;
b)将内体的端部附接于每个端接头的外径减小的端部,所述内体端部承靠在端接头的肩部上;
c)将第二芯模的第一部分插入到每个端接头的第一中空柱形部分中,将驱动钳夹布置于第二芯模第二部分的自由端部;
d)将所述预浸纤维缠绕在由内体、端接头和不带钳夹的第二芯模第二部分所形成的组合体的外表面上,因而所述纤维形成外体;
e)取出钳夹后,使内体和外体聚合以形成聚合单体;
f)取出第二芯模,并将聚合单体切割到所需长度。
根据本发明的一些特殊实施方式,该方法包括以下特征的至少一个或至少一种适当组合:
-在步骤a)和d)缠绕的预浸纤维相同,即它们包括相同的树脂和相同的纤维,并且预浸纤维是连续的;
-第一中空柱形部分的内径基本恒定;
-第一中空柱形部分的外径基本恒定,并且中空锥形部分的壁厚朝向第二中空柱形部分变薄;
-第一中空柱形部分的外径从它的自由端部起首先是恒定的,然后逐渐变小,最后重新扩大,以便处于中空锥形部分外表面的延续中,所述中空锥形部分的壁厚朝向第二中空柱形部分变薄;
-第一中空柱形部分的外径从它的自由端部起首先是恒定的,然后逐渐减小,最后重新扩大,以便处于中空锥形部分外表面的连续性中,所述中空锥形部分朝向第二中空柱形部分扩大并且具有非连续部,中空锥形部分的内径在非连续部处陡然增加;
-端接头包括插入件,该插入件包含第一中空柱形部分和部分地包含中空锥形部分直到非连续部,并且端接头包括也称为层的补充部分,该补充部分包含中空锥形部分的其余部分和第二中空柱形部分;
-该方法包括制造所述端接头的至少四个补充步骤,这些补充步骤在实施所述连杆制造方法的步骤b)之前实施并且如下:
1)制备插入件;
2)将插入件安装在第三芯模上,第三芯模相继包括形状与端接头第一中空柱形部分互补的第一柱形部分、形状与插入件中空锥形部分互补的第一锥形部分、高度基本等于在插入件中空锥形部分自由端部处的插入件壁厚的挡台部、和朝向第二柱形部分扩张的第二锥形部分,第三芯模的所述第一柱形部分插入在端接头的第一中空柱形部分中并且插入件的所述端部承靠在挡台部上;
3)将一层或多层所述预浸纤维围绕第三芯模的第二柱形部分及第二锥形部分、和在非连续部处部分围绕插入件进行缠绕;
4)使预浸纤维在炉中聚合以形成层,然后取出第三芯模;
-在步骤3)与步骤4)之间通过放置锁紧环或者优选通过在聚合步骤4)之后进行加工来形成肩部;
-插入件为金属的;
-预浸纤维与实施步骤a)和d)所使用的纤维相同,并且层与内体和外体在步骤e)聚合在一起以形成聚合单体;
-端接头由金属、高强塑料材料或碳制成;
-纤维为碳纤维;
-端接头第一中空柱形部分的内表面带有连杆固定部件;
-固定部件包括内螺纹;
-插入件的中空锥形部分的自由端部的外径小于连杆体的内径;
-第二芯模的第一部分是柱形,第一部分的直径基本等于端接头第一中空柱形部分的内径,并且第二芯模的第二部分为柱形,第二部分的直径基本等于端接头第一中空柱形部分的外径;
-在步骤f)将所述聚合单体按长度切割是通过在每个端接头的自由端部处进行切割实现的;
-端接头在其外表面上包括车削条纹。
本发明还涉及包括复合材料制连杆体和至少一端接头的连杆,所述端接头相继包括第一中空柱形部分、中空锥形部分和第二中空柱形部分,所述第二中空柱形部分终止于由肩部限定的外径减小的端部,并且所述连杆体包括在端接头的整个外表面上紧束端接头或端接头插入件的聚合单体。
本发明还涉及端接头,该端接头相继包括第一中空柱形部分、中空锥形部分和第二中空柱形部分,第一中空柱形部分的内径基本恒定,并且所述第二中空柱形部分终止于由肩部限定的外径减小的端部。
根据本发明的特殊实施方式,端接头包括以下特征的至少一个或它们的至少一种适当组合:
-第一中空柱形部分的外径基本恒定,并且中空锥形部分的壁厚向第二中空柱形部分变薄;
-第一中空柱形部分的外径从它的自由端部起首先恒定,然后逐渐减小,最后重新扩大,以便处于中空锥形部分外表面的延续中,所述中空锥形部分的壁厚朝向第二中空柱形部分变薄;
-第一中空柱形部分的外径从它的自由端部起首先恒定,然后逐渐减小,最后重新扩大,以便处于中空锥形部分外表面的延续中,所述中空锥形部分朝向第二中空柱形部分扩大并具有非连续部,中空锥形部分的内径在非连续部处陡然增加;
-端接头包括插入件和也称为层的补充部分,所述插入件包含第一中空柱形部分和部分地包含中空锥形部分直到非连续部,并且所述补充部分包含中空锥形部分的剩余部分和第二中空柱形部分。
附图说明
已经提到的图1表示符合现有技术的带有不同连杆固定部件的金属连杆的整体示意图。
已经提到的图2表示符合现有技术的连杆的纵剖面图,示出壁厚的变化。
已经提到的图3表示符合现有技术的单体件式连杆的纵剖面图。
已经提到的图4表示符合现有技术的带有附加和粘接的端接头的连杆体的局部纵剖面图。
已经提到的图5示意表示符合现有技术的带有附加和粘接的端接头的连杆体中的拉张应力(图5(a))和压缩应力(图5(b))以及由此产生的损害(图5(c))。
图6表示制造根据本发明的连杆时使用的符合第一实施方式的端接头的纵剖面图。
图7表示制造根据本发明的连杆时使用的符合第二实施方式的端接头的纵剖面图。
图8表示制造根据本发明的连杆时使用的符合第三实施方式的端接头的纵剖面图。
图9表示根据本发明的具有车削条纹的端接头的局部纵剖面图。
图10表示在制造符合第三实施方式的端接头时在步骤1)中形成的插入件的纵剖面图。
图11表示在制造符合第三实施方式的端接头时在步骤2)将插入件安装在芯模上的纵剖面图。
图12表示在制造符合第三实施方式的端接头时的线缠绕步骤3)的纵剖面图。
图13表示根据本发明通过线缠绕(步骤a))形成连杆内体的侧视图。
图14表示在步骤a)得到的连杆内体的纵剖面图。
图15表示端接头与连杆内体组装(步骤b))的纵剖面图。
图16表示在连杆制造步骤c)安装芯模的纵剖面图。
图17表示在连杆制造步骤c)安装驱动钳夹的纵剖面图。
图18表示在连杆制造步骤d)通过线缠绕形成外体的纵剖面图。
图19表示在连杆制造步骤e)中,聚合前(a)和聚合后(b)的组合体的纵剖面图。
图20表示取出芯模和切割作业(步骤f))后的最终构件(连杆)的纵剖面图,端接头根据第一实施方式已形成。
图21表示取出芯模和切割作业(步骤f))后的最终构件(连杆)的纵剖面图,端接头根据第三实施方式已形成。
图22示意表示在带有符合第一实施方式的端接头的根据本发明形成的连杆中的压缩(a)应力和拉张(b)应力。
图23示意表示带有符合第二实施方式的端接头的根据本发明形成的连杆中的压缩应力(a)和拉张应力(b)。
图例
(1)端接头的第一中空柱形部分
(2)内螺纹
(3)端接头的中空锥形部分
(4)端接头的第二中空柱形部分
(5)端接头的第二中空柱形部分的具有减小外径的端部
(6)肩部
(7)端接头的中空锥形部分中的非连续部
(8)端接头的插入件
(9)端接头的补充部分,又称为层
(10)用于制造端接头的第三芯模
(11)芯模的第一柱形部分
(12)芯模的第一锥形部分
(13)芯模的挡台部
(14)芯模的第二锥形部分
(15)芯模的第二柱形部分
(16)预浸纤维
(17)用于制造内体的第一芯模
(18)内体
(19)用于制造外体的第二芯模
(19a)第二芯模(19)的第一部分
(19b)第二芯模(19)的第二部分
(20)驱动钳夹
(21)外体
(22)聚合单体
具体实施方式
根据本发明的连杆设计处于单体件式连杆与带有附加和粘接金属端接头的连杆之间的正中。
在本发明中,连杆包括复合材料连杆体和至少一端接头。连杆可在每端部包括一端接头,或者可在仅一端部包括一端接头而在另一端部包括直接嵌在连杆中的轴承。因此,下面的图作为非限定例子表示在两端部都包括端接头的情况下的连杆制造方法。
首先描述端接头和它们的制造方法。然后详细描述由端接头和连杆体构成的连杆的制造方法。
对端接头及其制造方法的详细描述
根据本发明的端接头优选包括三个不同的实施方式。但是端接头可具有对下面将要描述的连杆制造方法有用的任何其它方式。
分别示于图6-8的符合三个实施方式的端接头共同地都由三个主要部分构成。每个端接头均具有第一中空柱形部分1,第一中空柱形部分1后是中空锥形部分3,中空锥形部分3朝向第二中空柱形部分4扩张。端接头的中空柱形部分意指端接头包括柱形孔腔。术语“内部”用于表示和柱形孔腔相对的面,与表示另一面的术语“外部”相反。
第一中空柱形部分1构成端接头与连杆体组装后的端接头自由端部,第二中空柱形部分4用于被组装于连杆体。第一中空柱形部分1在其内表面上配有连杆固定部件。在图6-8所示的例子中,第一中空柱形部分1带有螺纹(内螺纹2),用以以后接纳连杆固定元件。固定元件也可以是端接头的整体构成部分;端接头可以例如呈叉形(未示出)。
根据端接头的三个实施方式,第二中空柱形部分4终止于由肩部6限定的具有减小外径的端部5。
图6表示构成符合本发明第一实施方式的端接头的不同部分。根据该实施方式,第一中空柱形部分1具有的壁厚沿端接头的纵轴线基本相等,并且中空锥形部分3具有的壁厚朝向第二中空柱形部分4逐渐变薄。
图7所示的符合本发明第二实施方式的端接头的特征在于,第一中空柱形部分1的壁厚沿端接头的纵轴线变化,同时始终保持具有基本恒定直径的柱形孔腔。第一中空柱形部分1的外径从自由端部出发首先恒定,然后逐渐减小,再重新扩大,以便处于中空锥形部分3的外表面的延续部中。
图8所示的符合本发明第三实施方式的端接头包括与根据端接头的第二实施方式的第一中空柱形部分基本类似的第一中空柱形部分1,并且包括与根据第一和第二实施方式的第二中空柱形部分基本类似的第二中空柱形部分4。根据第三实施方式的端接头的特征在于,中空锥形部分3的壁具有非连续部7。在锥形部分的非连续部处和朝锥形部分的增大截面的方向上,锥形部分的内径突然增大。该非连续部来源于下面将详细描述的端接头制造方法。
根据该第三实施方式,端接头包括插入件8,插入件8包含第一中空柱形部分1并部分地包含中空锥形部分3直到非连续部7,端接头还包括也称为层的补充部分9,该补充部分包含中空锥形部分3的剩余部分和第二中空柱形部分4。根据本发明,插入件8和层9已经在制造端接头时相互连在一起。
根据第一和第二实施方式,端接头优选是金属的(例如铝、17-4不锈钢或钛),并以传统方式进行加工;端接头在其外表面上具有快速进给车削时形成的车削条纹(见图9)。这些条纹将允许端接头与连杆增强纤维之间的联接。端接头也可由高强塑料材料、碳或对于考虑应用适当的其它任何材料制成。
根据端接头的第三实施方式,插入件8优选是金属的,层9优选是复合材料制的。该端接头采用一种包括至少四个步骤的创新制造方法。
在第一步骤1),制备插入件8,如上所述,该插入件可以是金属的,或者由适于其使用的任何其它材料形成(见图10)。插入件的锥形部分3的最大外径相对于将来连杆的本体的内径尺寸较小。
在图11所示的第二步骤2),插入件8安装在金属的芯模10上。芯模10包括将插入到插入件的第一中空柱形部分1中的第一柱形部分11,并且芯模10包括形状与插入件的锥形部分3互补的第一锥形部分12,第一锥形部分12后跟随插入件8将承靠着的挡台部13。挡台部13的高度基本等于插入件8的在其端部的壁厚。芯模10在挡台部13之后包括第二锥形部分14,第二锥形部分14向第二柱形部分15扩张,其形状与待形成的端接头的层9互补。
在图12所示的第三步骤3),围绕芯模的第二柱形部分15和第二锥形部分14、和部分地在非连续部7处围绕插入件8,通过线缠绕铺放一层或多层预浸纤维16。根据本发明,预浸纤维16与形成连杆体时使用的纤维是相同的,并优选为碳纤维。
在第四步骤4),使预浸纤维16层在炉中聚合以形成层9;然后取出芯模10(未示出)。
如图8所示的在最终构件上的肩部6通过在聚合前(在步骤3)与步骤4)之间)放置锁紧环、或者优选在聚合步骤4)后通过传统加工来实现。
如上所述的方法无区别地适用于实现连杆的左端接头或右端接头。
与根据第一和第二实施方式的端接头类似地,端接头在其外表面上包括车削条纹。
连杆制造方法的详细描述
根据本发明,连杆由六个步骤制成。作为示例,带有符合第一实施方式的端接头的连杆的制造方法示于图13-20。带有符合第二和第三实施方式的端接头的方法是类似的。
第一步骤a)在于:通过传统的线缠绕方法形成内体,该方法在于基于往复运动按给定角度将预浸纤维16缠绕在光滑芯模17上,如图13所示。缠绕的纤维优选为碳纤维。但是任何其它高强度纤维也可以是适合的。
形成厚度等于上述肩部6高度的管。在尺寸计算的基础上通过待形成的连杆体的内径确定管的内径,所述尺寸计算确定管能承受的、在端接头与管之间的承靠区处即在肩部处管不会发生变形的最大压缩载荷。
然后将管和芯模组合体置于炉中,以使预浸于纤维中的树脂聚合和因此使管变硬。聚合后,取出芯模17,将管按长度切割并打毛糙以得到联接表面。这样得到的内体18示于图14。
第二步骤b)在于:在内体的各端部附加一端接头。附加的端接头是分别如图6-8所示的符合第一、第二或第三实施方式的端接头,或者是任何的适当形状的端接头。内体18的端部被附接在具有减小外径的端部5上并承靠在肩部6上。这样,内体18的外表面延长端接头的第二柱形部分4的外表面(见图15)。
在第三步骤c),将两个芯模19分别安装在端接头的自由端部(见图16)。每个柱形的芯模包括两个不同直径的部分。芯模的第一部分19a包括直径基本等于端接头第一中空柱形部分1的内径的柱形体,第二部分19b包括直径基本等于端接头第一中空柱形部分1的外径的柱形体。在安装过程中,芯模19的第一部分19a被插入端接头的中空柱形部分1中。然后将驱动钳夹20置于芯模19的第二部分19b的自由端部(见图17)。
图18所示的第四步骤d)在于:通过线缠绕方法将预浸纤维16缠绕在由内体18、端接头和芯模的不带钳夹的第二部分19b所形成的组合体的外表面上。纤维将形成围绕该组合体的一层,该层称为外体21(见图19(a))。为以后形成如下面描述的单体,在该步骤使用的预浸纤维与在步骤a)使用的预浸纤维是相同的(相同纤维,相同树脂)。同样,为保证线缠绕的连续性,纤维在步骤a)与d)之间不中断。
第五步骤e)在于在取开驱动钳夹20后,使组合体聚合。图19(a)和19(b)分别表示聚合前和聚合后的组合体。聚合后,内体18和外体21形成将构成连杆体的聚合单体22。在图8所示的根据第三实施方式的端接头的特殊情况下,由与形成连杆体所使用的预浸纤维相同的预浸纤维16构成的层9也属于聚合单体22的组成部分。在该步骤拆卸钳夹时,从卷筒切断纤维,在最后步骤f)将连杆按长度加工时去除聚合单体的包括切断纤维的部分。
在最后步骤f),取出芯模19,并在端接头自由端部处切割聚合单体22(见图20)。这样得到的构件就形成根据本发明的连杆。图21示出形成有符合第三实施方式的端接头的连杆,其中端接头的层9包含在单体22中。
根据本发明的方法的优点
-根据本发明,对步骤a)和d)所使用的预浸纤维是相同的(相同纤维,相同树脂),并且对于内体和外体,线缠绕之间具有连续性(同一根线)。相同树脂的使用允许在步骤e)的后烘干时形成单体,这将消除差别热膨胀的任何问题。线缠绕的连续性对于保证纤维的正确就位和保证100%的自动化进程是很重要的。另外,单体的制造和线缠绕的连续性允许获得没有任何非连续性或没有任何孔隙的产品。
-带有根据第三实施方式形成的端接头的连杆的制造允许减轻连杆重量。一方面这是因为端接头的一部分是由复合材料制成的,另一方面是因为端接头的材料量较少。实际上,在非连续部,端接头的内径增加,换句话说,这对应于材料去除。
-与端接头被接合于连杆体的现有技术的粘接组装相反的是,在本发明中,端接头是被插入在连杆体内。连杆的这种设计将允许承接压缩力。在带有符合第一实施方式形成的端接头的连杆的情况下,图22(a)中强调表示的区域一方面通过端接头与连杆体之间的联接效应承力,另一方面通过碳纤维制连杆体与端接头之间在肩部处的直接承靠承力。在负荷太大的情况下,只有在肩部处的承靠区应断裂以允许端接头移动(见小箭头)。符合第二实施方式的端接头的几何形状的优点是,两个区域而不是一个区域会在超负荷的情况下应断裂。如图23(a)中由小箭头所表示的,具有在肩部处的承靠区与端接头第一中空柱形部分的呈缩窄的区域。这实际上表明:符合第二实施方式的端接头的几何形状允许承受更大力。根据本发明的连杆的设计还允许承受拉张力,而无论端接头的几何形状如何。在如图22(b)中所示的具有根据第一实施方式形成的端接头的连杆的情况下,端接头通过第一中空柱形部分、锥形部分和部分地通过第二中空柱形部分将拉张力传递给连杆体。因此,拉张力直接被传递给连杆体。在如图23(b)中所示的带有根据第二实施方式形成的端接头的连杆的情况下,端接头通过锥形部分并部分地通过第二中空柱形部分把拉张力传递给连杆体。在交替的拉张-压缩应力的情况下,无论端接头的几何形状如何,端接头都不能在连杆体内移动,因此不会在碳纤维体上产生疲劳现象和碳纤维体的塑性变形现象。
-根据本发明的方法的优点还在于可以通过传统的线缠绕方法制造复杂构件,这样导致低生产成本。好处在于方法实施和连杆设计本身。

Claims (21)

1.连杆制造方法,所述连杆包括复合材料制的连杆体和至少一端接头,所述端接头相继包括第一中空柱形部分(1)、中空锥形部分(3)和第二中空柱形部分(4),所述第二中空柱形部分(4)终止于由肩部(6)限定的具有减小外径的端部(5),所述连杆制造方法相继包括至少以下步骤:
a)利用以下子步骤制备内体(18):
-通过以线缠绕方式将预浸纤维缠绕在转动的第一芯模(17)上来制备管,所述管的壁厚等于所述肩部(6)的高度,并且所述管的外径等于所述第二中空柱形部分(4)的最大外径;
-使管聚合;
-从管中取出所述第一芯模(17);
-将管按长度切割并将管的外表面打毛糙,因而形成所述内体(18);
b)将所述内体(18)的端部附接于每个端接头的具有减小外径的端部(5),所述内体(18)的所述端部承靠在所述端接头的肩部(6)上;
c)将第二芯模(19)的第一部分(19a)插入每个端接头的第一中空柱形部分(1)中,并将驱动钳夹(20)布置于所述第二芯模(19)的第二部分(19b)的自由端部;
d)以线缠绕方式将预浸纤维缠绕在由所述内体(18)、所述端接头和所述第二芯模(19)的不带驱动钳夹(20)的第二部分(19b)所形成的组合体的外表面上,预浸纤维因而形成外体(21),其中在步骤d)使用的预浸纤维与在步骤a)中使用的预浸纤维是相同的,即它们包括相同的树脂和相同的纤维,并且在步骤a)和d)缠绕的所述预浸纤维是连续的;
e)取出所述驱动钳夹(20)后,使所述内体(18)和所述外体(21)聚合以形成聚合单体(22);
f)取出所述第二芯模(19),并将所述聚合单体(22)按长度切割。
2.如权利要求1所述的连杆制造方法,其特征在于,所述第一中空柱形部分(1)的内径是基本恒定的。
3.如权利要求2所述的连杆制造方法,其特征在于,所述第一中空柱形部分(1)的外径是基本恒定的;并且,所述中空锥形部分(3)具有朝向所述第二中空柱形部分(4)逐渐变薄的壁厚。
4.如权利要求2所述的连杆制造方法,其特征在于,所述第一中空柱形部分(1)的外径从该第一中空柱形部分的自由端部起首先是恒定的,然后逐渐减小,最后重新扩大,以便处于所述中空锥形部分(3)的外表面的延续中,所述中空锥形部分(3)具有朝向所述第二中空柱形部分(4)逐渐变薄的壁厚。
5.如权利要求2所述的连杆制造方法,其特征在于,所述第一中空柱形部分(1)的外径从该第一中空柱形部分的自由端部起首先是恒定的,然后逐渐减小,最后重新扩大,以便处于所述中空锥形部分(3)的外表面的延续中,所述中空锥形部分(3)朝向所述第二中空柱形部分(4)扩大并具有非连续部(7),所述中空锥形部分(3)的内径在所述非连续部处突然增大。
6.如权利要求5所述的连杆制造方法,其特征在于,所述端接头包括插入件(8),所述插入件包含所述第一中空柱形部分(1)和部分地包含所述中空锥形部分(3)直到所述非连续部(7),并且所述端接头包括又称为层的补充部分,所述补充部分包含所述中空锥形部分(3)的剩余部分和所述第二中空柱形部分(4)。
7.如权利要求6所述的连杆制造方法,其特征在于,所述连杆制造方法包括用于制造所述端接头的至少四个补充步骤,这些补充步骤在实施所述连杆制造方法的步骤b)之前实施并且如下:
1)制备所述插入件(8);
2)将所述插入件(8)安装在第三芯模(10)上,所述第三芯模相继包括:第一柱形部分(11),其形状与所述端接头的第一中空柱形部分(1)互补;第一锥形部分(12),其形状与所述插入件的中空锥形部分(3)互补;挡台部(13),其高度基本等于在所述插入件的中空锥形部分(3)的自由端部处的插入件壁厚;和第二锥形部分(14),其朝向第二柱形部分(15)扩张,所述第三芯模(10)的所述第一柱形部分(11)插入所述端接头的第一中空柱形部分(1)中并且所述插入件(8)的所述自由端部承靠在所述挡台部(13)上;
3)将一层或多层预浸纤维围绕所述第三芯模(10)的第二柱形部分(15)及第二锥形部分(14)、和在所述非连续部(7)处部分地围绕所述插入件(8)进行缠绕;
4)在炉中使所述一层或多层预浸纤维聚合以形成所述层(9),然后取出所述第三芯模(10)。
8.如权利要求7所述的连杆制造方法,其特征在于,通过在步骤3)与步骤4)之间布置锁紧环、或者通过在用于聚合的步骤4)后进行加工来形成所述肩部(6)。
9.如权利要求6所述的连杆制造方法,其特征在于,所述插入件(8)是金属的。
10.如权利要求7所述的连杆制造方法,其特征在于,在步骤3)使用的预浸纤维与为实施步骤a)和d)所使用的预浸纤维是相同的;并且,所述层(9)与所述内体(18)和外体(21)在步骤e)聚合在一起以形成聚合单体(22)。
11.如权利要求3所述的连杆制造方法,其特征在于,所述端接头是由金属、高强塑料材料或碳制成的。
12.如权利要求1所述的连杆制造方法,其特征在于,所述预浸纤维为碳纤维。
13.如权利要求1所述的连杆制造方法,其特征在于,所述端接头的第一中空柱形部分(1)的内表面设有连杆固定部件。
14.如权利要求13所述的连杆制造方法,其特征在于,所述连杆固定部件包括内螺纹(2)。
15.如权利要求6所述的连杆制造方法,其特征在于,所述插入件(8)的中空锥形部分(3)的自由端部的外径小于所述连杆体的内径。
16.如权利要求1所述的连杆制造方法,其特征在于,所述第二芯模(19)的第一部分(19a)为柱形,所述第一部分的直径基本等于所述端接头的第一中空柱形部分(1)的内径;并且,所述第二芯模(19)的第二部分(19b)为柱形,所述第二部分的直径基本等于所述端接头的第一中空柱形部分(1)的外径。
17.如权利要求1所述的连杆制造方法,其特征在于,在步骤f)将所述聚合单体(22)按长度切割是通过在每个端接头的自由端部处进行切割实现的。
18.如权利要求1所述的连杆制造方法,其特征在于,所述端接头在其外表面上包括车削条纹。
19.连杆,所述连杆包括复合材料制的连杆体和至少一端接头,所述端接头相继包括第一中空柱形部分(1)、中空锥形部分(3)和第二中空柱形部分(4),所述第二中空柱形部分(4)终止于由肩部(6)限定的具有减小外径的端部(5),并且所述连杆体包括聚合单体(22),所述聚合单体将所述端接头或所述端接头的插入件(8)在其整个外表面上紧束,所述聚合单体(22)由具有相同树脂和相同纤维的连续的预浸纤维形成。
20.端接头,所述端接头相继包括第一中空柱形部分(1)、中空锥形部分(3)和第二中空柱形部分(4),所述第一中空柱形部分(1)的内径是基本恒定的,并且所述第二中空柱形部分(4)终止于由肩部(6)限定的具有减小外径的端部(5),其特征在于,所述第一中空柱形部分(1)的外径从该第一中空柱形部分的自由端部起首先是恒定的,然后逐渐减小,最后重新扩大,以便处于所述中空锥形部分(3)的外表面的延续中,所述中空锥形部分(3)朝向所述第二中空柱形部分(4)扩大并具有非连续部(7),所述中空锥形部分(3)的内径在所述非连续部处突然增大。
21.如权利要求20所述的端接头,其特征在于,所述端接头包括插入件(8)和又称为层的补充部分,所述插入件(8)包含所述第一中空柱形部分(1)和部分地包含所述中空锥形部分(3)直到所述非连续部(7),而所述补充部分包含所述中空锥形部分(3)的其余部分和所述第二中空柱形部分(4)。
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