CN102783580B - 鳊鱼用膨化饲料预混料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
鳊鱼用膨化饲料预混料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种鳊鱼用膨化饲料预混料及其制备方法和应用，该预混料由复合维生素、复合微量元素以及其他功能性添加剂组成，其中，复合维生素包括维生素A醋酸酯、维生素D3、维生素E醋酸酯、维生素K3、维生素B1等，复合微量元素包括硫酸亚铁、硫酸镁、甘氨酸铜、蛋氨酸锌、甘氨酸锰等，其他功能性添加剂包括DL-蛋氨酸、L-赖氨酸、甘露寡糖、低聚麦芽糖、富硒酵母，饲喂时按重量百分比1%的比例将本发明添加到鳊鱼用全价饲料中。本发明预混料配比科学，营养全面，能够补充由于饲料膨化加工而造成损失的营养物质，可显著提高鳊鱼增重率，降低饵料系数，具有明显的促生长效果，长期使用安全无毒副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饲料预混料技术领域，尤其涉及鳊鱼用膨化饲料预混料。
背景技术
鳊鱼（Parabramis pekinensis），属鲤形目、鲤科、鳊鲐亚科、鳊属，俗称长春鳊、鳊花、边鱼、草鳊，广泛分布于我国各主要水系的江河湖泊中。鳊鱼为草食性鱼类，以水草、硅藻、丝状藻等为食，亦食少量浮游生物和水生昆虫。鳊鱼由于肉质嫩滑，脂肪丰富，味道鲜美而深受人们喜爱，是中国主要淡水养殖鱼类之一。在江苏境内，鳊鱼的养殖范围较大。
随着水产养殖业向规模化、集约化、专业化方向发展，对水产饲料的要求也越来越高，养殖场养殖成本的提高促进了水产膨化饲料的快速发展。较之普通的硬颗粒饲料，膨化饲料消化利用率高、水稳定时间长，但膨化加工过程中的高温、高湿、高压会导致饲料预混料中各种维生素生物活性及微量元素利用效率的损失。膨化挤压过程中，热敏性维生素如维生素A、维生素B1、叶酸、维生素C等最易受到破坏，另外，调质和挤压过程中温度过高、压力加大、滞留时间延长以及剪刀力加大等因素均会引起维生素和微量元素损失加大，模头孔径缩小以及挤压膨化机产量降低时也会引起维生素和微量元素的损失。
目前，我国鲜有研究机构专门关注膨化饲料预混料的营养参数，在水产饲料行业，饲料的配制仍沿用普通硬颗粒饲料预混料的营养参数，市面上还没有专门针对鳊鱼膨化饲料的预混料产品。传统的适用于硬颗粒饲料的预混料经过膨化加工后已经不能满足鳊鱼的实际饲养需要。因此，市场上亟需一款鳊鱼用膨化饲料预混料产品，以应对饲料膨化加工造成的营养物质的损失。
发明内容
针对现有鳊鱼膨化饲料预混料存在的上述缺陷，本申请人经过研究改进，提供一种鳊鱼用膨化饲料预混料及其制备方法和应用。在鳊鱼饲料中添加该预混料可显著提高鳊鱼增重率，降低饵料系数，具有明显的促生长效果，长期使用安全无毒副作用。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种鳊鱼用膨化饲料预混料，由复合维生素、复合微量元素以及其他营养性添加剂组成，以1kg所述预混料计，其中，
所述复合维生素各组分及其含量为：50万IU/g维生素A醋酸酯1.0～2.0g、50万IU/g维生素D3 0.1～0.5g、50%维生素E醋酸酯8.5～20.0g、维生素K3 5.0～15.0g、维生素B1 1.0～3.0g、维生素B2 0.5～1.5g、维生素B6 0.5～2.0g、烟酸2.0～6.0g、泛酸钙1.0～2.5g、叶酸0.36～3.0g、维生素B12 0.1～1.2g、维生素C磷酸酯20.0～60.0g、肌醇2.0～15.0g、生物素0.1～1.0g、抗氧化剂1.0～3.0g、砻糠粉231.0～325.0g；
所述复合微量元素各组分及其含量为：硫酸亚铁50.0～150.0g、硫酸镁55.0～100.0g、甘氨酸铜8.0～10.0g、蛋氨酸锌50.0～80.0g、甘氨酸锰5.0～15.0g、蛋氨酸钴1.0～10.0g、碘酸钾1.0～8.0g、亚硒酸钠5.0～10.0g、沸石粉134.0～167.0g；
所述其他功能性添加剂各组分及其含量为：DL-蛋氨酸30.0～70.0g、L-赖氨酸30.0～70.0g、甘露寡糖10.0～50.0g、低聚麦芽糖10.0～50.0g、富硒酵母20.0～60.0g。
本发明还提供了上述鳊鱼用膨化饲料预混料的制备方法，步骤如下：按权称取各组分，分别配制复合维生素、复合微量元素和其他功能性添加剂，再将其加入混合机中充分混合均匀，包装后得到成品。
其进一步的技术方案为：
所述成品混合均匀度的变异系数<5%。
本发明又提供了上述鳊鱼用膨化饲料预混料的应用：在饲喂时按重量百分比1%的比例将其添加到鳊鱼用全价饲料中。
与现有鳊鱼用膨化饲料预混料相比，本发明具有如下有益技术效果：
本专利申请人对各种水产用维生素和微量元素在饲料膨化条件下的存留率进行了测定，得出鳊鱼用膨化饲料预混料中各营养物质的合理添加量，经过研究改进，配制出本发明预混料；该预混料强化了各维生素和微量元素的添加，配比科学，营养全面，能够弥补由于饲料膨化加工而造成损失的营养物质（特别是维生素和微量元素），可满足鳊鱼生长对各种营养物质的需求，饲料利用率高；该预混料添加了甘露寡糖、低聚麦芽糖和富硒酵母等功能性物质，甘露寡糖和低聚麦芽糖为小分子量的寡糖，容易被肠道吸收，富硒酵母可提高鳊鱼机体免疫力、对各种病原微生物的抵抗力以及抗应激能力，更好地促进其生产性能的发挥；在养殖实践中应用本发明预混料，可显著提高鳊鱼增重率，降低饵料系数，具有明显的促生长效果，长期使用安全无毒副作用。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体的实施例来进一步解释本发明。
实施例1～实施例3中鳊鱼用膨化饲料预混料所含各组分及其含量如表1所示。
表1
实施例1～实施例3中鳊鱼用膨化饲料预混料的具体制备方法如下：
将表1所示各组分按重量配比由电子称重系统自动称重，分别配制复合微量元素、复合维生素及其他功能性添加剂，并将其置入V型混合机充分混合10分钟，使实施例1～实施例3所制预混料混合均匀度的变异系数（测定方法依据GB/T 5918）分别达到3%、4%、4%，将制成的预混料进行包装得到成品。
实施例4
将实施例2所制鳊鱼用膨化饲料预混料成品按重量百分比1%的比例添加到鳊鱼用全价饲料中（其中99%的鳊鱼用全价饲料所含组分的重量百分比为：鱼粉2%、大豆粕5%、菜籽粕25%、棉籽粕25%、米糠12%、小麦15%、磷酸二氢钙2%、玉米DDGS 7%、膨润土2%、沸石粉3%、大豆油1%），搅拌混合均匀后经超微粉碎机粉碎，将粉碎后的混合物料移入调制器进行蒸汽调制，然后将经过调制的混合物料移入挤压膨化制粒机制成饲料颗粒。将该膨化饲料应用于江苏宜兴市和桥镇一家鳊鱼养殖户进行塘口养殖试验。养鱼塘平均水深2.5米，放养规格为15～20尾/kg，放养密度为1500～1800尾/亩，共计放养2亩，饲喂七个月后出鱼。经测定鳊鱼平均体重为550g/尾，健康状况良好，体色及体表粘液正常，经解剖肝脏胰脏眼观正常，鳊鱼总体抗应激能力强，无发红发毛现象，长期饲喂结果表明该预混料安全无毒副作用。
下面通过对照试验来进一步说明本发明的效果。
试验具体安排如下：
试验动物：选自江苏省常州市芙蓉镇一养殖塘的鳊鱼当年鱼种，在试验前先养殖两周。挑选体质健壮、反应敏捷、体长大小相接近的200尾鳊鱼作为试验动物。
试验设计：本实验采用单因子设计，将上述200尾鳊鱼随机分成两个处理组，一个试验组，一个对照组，每组设4个重复，共8个养殖桶（养殖桶规格：直径70cm，高100cm），每个养殖桶25尾鳊鱼。试验组和对照组饲喂的鳊鱼膨化饲料各组分含量及主要营养指标见表2，其中，试验组中的1%预混料为上述实施例2所制鳊鱼用膨化饲料预混料成品，对照组中的1%预混料为本申请人公司产品（1%鳊鱼预混料，代号6232），试验组和对照组饲料膨化制粒工艺同实施例4。
表2
养殖管理：养殖过程中采用微循环系统换水，间隙式增氧，温度控制在20～31℃；以养殖桶为单位，于每日9:00、13:00、18:00进行投饵，每日投饵量为该养殖桶内鳊鱼总体重的2.5～4.0%，连续投饵60天。
试验结果与分析：
测定指标：
增重率（%）=（试验结束平均体重-试验初始平均体重）/试验初始平均体重×100%
特定生长率（%/d）=(ln试验结束平均体重-ln试验初始平均体重)/饲养天数×100%
饵料系数(FCR)=总投饵量/鱼体总增重
试验结果见表3。
表3
注：不同小写字母表示两组之间差异显著。
由表3数据可知，与对照组相比，试验组鳊鱼增重率明显增加(P<0.05)，饵料系数明显降低（P<0.05），特定生长率有所增加；该试验结果表明，本发明预混料能够有效弥补普通预混料由于膨化工艺造成损失的营养物质（尤其是维生素和微量元素），满足鳊鱼生长对各种营养物质的需求，饲料利用率高，可显著提高鳊鱼增重率，降低饵料系数，具有明显的促生长效果。
上述实施例中各原料均为市售商品，所述各试验方法如无特殊说明均为本领域常规方法，所涉及各生产设备均为饲料领域常规生产设备。
以上所述的仅是本发明的优选实施方式，本发明不限于以上实施例。可以理解，本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和构思的前提下直接导出或联想到的其他改进和变化，均应认为包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种鳊鱼用膨化饲料预混料，其特征在于：由复合维生素、复合微量元素以及其他功能性添加剂组成，以1kg所述预混料计，其中，
所述复合维生素各组分及其含量为：50万IU/g维生素A醋酸酯1.0～2.0g、50万IU/g维生素D3 0.1～0.5g、50%维生素E醋酸酯8.5～20.0g、维生素K3 5.0～15.0g、维生素B1 1.0～3.0g、维生素B2 0.5～1.5g、维生素B6 0.5～2.0g、烟酸2.0～6.0g、泛酸钙1.0～2.5g、叶酸0.36～3.0g、维生素B12 0.1～1.2g、维生素C磷酸酯20.0～60.0g、肌醇2.0～15.0g、生物素0.1～1.0g、抗氧化剂1.0～3.0g、砻糠粉231.0～325.0g；
所述复合微量元素各组分及其含量为：硫酸亚铁50.0～150.0g、硫酸镁55.0～100.0g、甘氨酸铜8.0～10.0g、蛋氨酸锌50.0～80.0g、甘氨酸锰5.0～15.0g、蛋氨酸钴1.0～10.0g、碘酸钾1.0～8.0g、亚硒酸钠5.0～10.0g、沸石粉134.0～167.0g；
所述其他功能性添加剂各组分及其含量为：DL-蛋氨酸30.0～70.0g、L-赖氨酸30.0～70.0g、甘露寡糖10.0～50.0g、低聚麦芽糖10.0～50.0g、富硒酵母20.0～60.0g。
2.权利要求1所述鳊鱼用膨化饲料预混料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤如下：称取各组分，分别配制复合维生素、复合微量元素以及其他功能性添加剂，再将其加入混合机中充分混合均匀，包装后得到成品。
3.根据权利要求2所述鳊鱼用膨化饲料预混料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述成品的混合均匀度变异系数<5%。
4.权利要求1所述鳊鱼用膨化饲料预混料的应用，其特征在于：在饲喂时按重量百分比1%的比例添加到鳊鱼用全价饲料中。
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