CN102771312A - Shiitake inoculation method - Google Patents
Shiitake inoculation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102771312A CN102771312A CN201210271490XA CN201210271490A CN102771312A CN 102771312 A CN102771312 A CN 102771312A CN 201210271490X A CN201210271490X A CN 201210271490XA CN 201210271490 A CN201210271490 A CN 201210271490A CN 102771312 A CN102771312 A CN 102771312A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of shiitake cultivation and particularly relates to a shiitake inoculation method. The shiitake inoculation method comprises the following steps: selecting broad-leaved tree branches with the diameters of 8-12mm, cutting the broad-leaved tree branches into wood sections of 2-3cm, and placing the wood sections into sterile cultivation bags after sterilization treatment; inoculating stock culture of shiitake on the treated and cooled wood sections, using solution containing chitosan to soak the wood sections for no less than 40min, and cultivating the shiitake at 20-25 DEG C until hyphae are overgrown on the wood sections. By means of the method, inoculation of the shiitake can be finished without needing a sterilizing room which is high in cost. Besides, the shiitake inoculation method is simple to operate, and a used sterilizing agent is green, environment-friendly and harmless to the human body.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural planting, particularly the cultivating method of mushroom.
Background technology
Mushroom has another name called mushroom, belongs to basidiomycetes, Agaricales, Pleurotaceae, Lentinus.Mushroom is made up of mycelium and fruit body two parts.Mycelia is formed by spore germination, and white, fine hair shape have tabula and branch, and cell wall is thin, and very thin mycelia mutually combines, and constantly growth and breeding assembles mycelium.Mycelial growth is grown certain phase, sits the surface in matrix and forms fruit body---mushroom.The integral body of mushroom is formed by mycelia.During separate tissue, any part that cuts mushroom can grow new mycelia.The fruit body of mushroom is made up of cap, lamella, stem etc.Cap is circular, common 3～6 centimetres of diameter; Big individuality can reach more than 10 centimetres; The lid edge is just involute, and the back is flat to be sent out; Lid table brown or pitchy often have light scale.Bacterial context is plump, and the middle part can reach about 1 centimetre, and is soft and flexible, white.Give birth in the stem or wilfully, circular columns or flat slightly, white, meat real, grows 3～10 centimetres, 0.5～1 centimetre of diameter.Lamella white, dense and soft is gone out by the radiation of stem place, is blade-like, is the place that produces full son; Spore is white, smooth, oval.A mushroom can distribute tens spores.
Be to begin from spore germination the complete history of life of mushroom, finishes to forming full son again.In this process, sexual reproduction and asexual life are planted organically and are combined, and accomplish their history of life jointly.After the spore maturation of mushroom, the temperature that obtains suiting, wet condition will be sprouted and generate mycelia.Mycelia by full sub-germination and growth is called uninucleate hyphae.Uninucleate hyphae is grown in any case, also can not grow fruit body.After having only uninucleate hyphae when different sexes to combine to form nucleated mycelium, portion spreads breeding and forms mycelium in the substrate.Mycelium has accumulated sufficient nutriment, and has reached physiological ripening through certain growth and development stage, under optimum conditions, could form fruit body primordium, and constantly growth increases to the mushroom flower bud, fruit body was bred down with generation.The history of life of mushroom, divide two stages, one is the mycelium stage, one is the fruit body stage.Mushroom is the rotten bacterium of a kind of water.Do not have chlorophyll in the body, can not carry out photosynthesis, but rely on decomposition and absorption timber or other intramatrical nutrition to make a living.Contain the complete nutrients matter (carbon source, nitrogenous source, mineral matter and vitamin etc.) that mushroom growth is grown in the timber.Mushroom has and decomposes lignin, cellulosic ability in the timber, can be glucose, amino acid etc. with its decomposition and inversion, the nutriment that directly absorbs and utilize as hyphal cell.
The reproductive condition of mushroom interacts, interrelates.To the fruit body forming process, temperature is that high earlier back is low from mycelial growth, and humidity is to do afterwards earlier to wet, and light is that dark earlier back is bright.These conditions both connected each other, and mutual restriction must be considered comprehensively again, in order to avoid attend to one thing and lose sight of another, just can get a desired effect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the inoculation method of mushroom, this method need not to limit mushroom and must inoculate in gnotobasis, and the bactericidal agent environmental protection of using, and is harmless to health.
For realizing above-mentioned technical purpose, technical scheme of the present invention is:
The inoculation method of mushroom specifically may further comprise the steps:
The preliminary treatment of A material
Choosing diameter is the broad-leaved branch of 8-12 millimeter, and the juggle that is cut into 2-3 centimetre is put into the aseptic culture bag after sterilization treatment;
The preparation of B granular bacteria strain
The mother of mushroom planted receive on the juggle of processing of step A and cooling, be no less than 40 minutes, under 20-25 ℃ of condition, cultivate to mycelia and cover with juggle with the solution soaking that contains shitosan.
Further, the juggle in the steps A uses frequency ultrasonic Treatment 15-30 minute as 40-60kHZ before the sterilization.
Further, in the steps A, the method for sterilization is: juggle was placed under the 100-120 ℃ of condition 12-30 hour.
Further, among the step B, the mass ratio of institute's chitosan-containing is 70% in the said solution.
Further, among the step B, the pH of said solution most 4.
Further, among the step B, containing mass fraction in the said solution is 70% shitosan and the chitin that is equivalent to chitosan mass 1/5.
Further, among the step B, described soak time is 80 minutes.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: this vaccination ways need not can accomplish by a lot of desinfection chamber of cost the inoculation of mushroom; And simple to operate, the bactericidal agent environmental protection of use, harmless to health.
Embodiment
Lentinus alternating temperature fecundity mushroom.The mycelial growth temperature scope is wider, is 5 ℃～32 ℃, and thermophilic is 25 ℃～27 ℃, and fruit body has been sent out temperature between 5 ℃～22 ℃, is optimum with about 15 ℃.Alternating temperature can promote the fruit body differentiation.Temperature is too high, and mushroom growth is fast, but the thin handle of meat is long of poor quality, and it is slow to grow during low temperature, and cap is plump.Quality is closeer.
Mushroom mycelium growing period humidity is low during than fruiting; The composts or fertilisers of cultivating water content of suitable mycelial growth is about 60%～65%, and relative air humidity is about 70%, and relative air humidity will keep 85%～90% for suitable during the fruiting; Certain humidity is poor, helps mushroom growth and grows.
Mushroom also is the aerobe silk, though to carbonic acid gas not as sensitivity such as glossy ganoderma, if air is not smooth, the carbonic acid gas productive set is too much in the environment, will suppress the formation of mycelial growth and fruit body, even cause assorted bacterium evil life.So draughty place should be selected in the mushroom field, to guarantee that mushroom grows normally.
Mushroom is the heliophilic mushroom.Though mushroom mycelium also can be grown under dark condition; But fruit body then can not take place, and only under appropriate illumination, fruit body could successfully be grown, and the spore that sheds.But strong direct light all is disadvantageous to mycelial growth and fruiting.
The mushroom mycelium growth requires the environment of meta-acid.Mycelia all can grow between pH3～7, and is the most suitable up and down with pH4.5.During mushroom culture, the unsuitable basicity in place is excessive.When spraying water, mushroom water logging water will be noted water quality; Prevent damage by disease and insect, preferably without basic agent.
The reproductive condition of mushroom interacts, interrelates.To the fruit body forming process, temperature is that high earlier back is low from mycelial growth, and humidity is to do afterwards earlier to wet, and light is that dark earlier back is bright.These conditions both connected each other, and mutual restriction must be considered comprehensively again, in order to avoid attend to one thing and lose sight of another, just can get a desired effect.
Further set forth the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.Should be understood that these embodiment only are used to explain the present invention, and unrestricted scope of the present invention.
One preliminary treatment
Choosing diameter is the broad-leaved branch of 8-12 millimeter, and the juggle that is cut into 2-3 centimetre is put into the aseptic culture bag after sterilization treatment; Mushroom has and decomposes lignin, cellulosic ability in the timber, can be glucose, amino acid etc. with its decomposition and inversion, the nutriment that directly absorbs and utilize as hyphal cell.Use frequency to be 40kHz ultrasonic Treatment 20 minutes before the sterilization, be more conducive to hyphal cell and effectively absorb and utilize lignin in the timber, cellulosic ability.
The preparation of two granular bacteria strains
The mother of mushroom planted receive on the juggle of processing of step A and cooling, be no less than 40 minutes, under 20-25 ℃ of condition, cultivate to mycelia and cover with juggle with the solution soaking that contains shitosan.The mass ratio of institute's chitosan-containing is 70% in the said solution.
As optimal way, among the step B, the pH of said solution most 4.
As optimal way, among the step B, containing mass fraction in the said solution is 70% shitosan and the chitin that is equivalent to chitosan mass 1/5.
Mother's kind of mushroom is received in the culture that wood chip is a matrix, granular bacteria strain is in the follow-up cultivation of mushroom, and is more manageable; And during secondary inoculation, the lacking of the time ratio wood chip matrix that solid particle bacterial classification inoculation operation is spent.
Three enlarged culture
The gained granular bacteria strain is put into culture bag; The composts or fertilisers of cultivating that mushroom needs (78 parts of wood chips composed of the following components by weight, 20 parts in wheat bran (fine rice bran), 1 part in gypsum, 1 part of sugar, other adds 0.3 part in urea, the quality that contains of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is 55%～60%) is arranged in the culture bag; Left standstill 60 days at shady and cool place; Replenish a moisture content every day, and the addition of moisture content is no more than culture bag content gross weight, wins first mushroom.Second batch of mushroom won at every interval 90 days in autumn (spring, every interval was 150 days), plucks 6 batches altogether.In the moisture content that replenishes, contain the water soluble vitamin compound of 100mg/L and the glucose of 200g/L.
3.5 jin of mushrooms of per 4 jin heavy composts or fertilisers of cultivating results.
Explanation is at last; Above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described; Although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention is specified, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that and can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention; And not breaking away from the aim and the scope of technical scheme of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the inoculation method of mushroom is characterized in that, specifically may further comprise the steps:
The preliminary treatment of A material
Choosing diameter is the broad-leaved branch of 8-12 millimeter, and the juggle that is cut into 2-3 centimetre is put into the aseptic culture bag after sterilization treatment;
The preparation of B granular bacteria strain
The mother of mushroom planted receive on the juggle of processing of step A and cooling, be no less than 40 minutes, under 20-25 ℃ of condition, cultivate to mycelia and cover with juggle with the solution soaking that contains shitosan.
2. the inoculation method of mushroom according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the juggle in the steps A uses frequency ultrasonic Treatment 15-30 minute as 40-60kHZ before the sterilization.
3. the inoculation method of mushroom according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the steps A, the method for sterilization is: juggle was placed under the 100-120 ℃ of condition 12-30 hour.
4. the inoculation method of mushroom according to claim 1 is characterized in that, among the step B, the mass ratio of institute's chitosan-containing is 70% in the said solution.
5. the inoculation method of mushroom according to claim 1 is characterized in that, among the step B, the pH of said solution most 4.
6. the inoculation method of mushroom according to claim 1 is characterized in that, among the step B, containing mass fraction in the said solution is 70% shitosan and the chitin that is equivalent to chitosan mass 1/5.
7. the inoculation method of mushroom according to claim 1 is characterized in that, among the step B, described soak time is 80 minutes.
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| CN201210271490XA CN102771312A (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2012-07-31 | Shiitake inoculation method |
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| CN201210271490XA CN102771312A (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2012-07-31 | Shiitake inoculation method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103650918A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-03-26 | 重庆市福鑫洋食用菌有限公司 | Method for preparing germination-fungus cultures through large-block broad-leaved tree wood crumbs |
| CN107173052A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-09-19 | 李贤章 | A kind of implantation methods of mushroom |
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| CN1235755A (en) * | 1999-05-14 | 1999-11-24 | 安晨明 | Technology for producing dendritical spawn of bag cultivated edible mushroom |
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| KR101006732B1 (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2011-01-10 | 문상영 | Method of cultivation of lentinus edodes |
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- 2012-07-31 CN CN201210271490XA patent/CN102771312A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
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| CN1235755A (en) * | 1999-05-14 | 1999-11-24 | 安晨明 | Technology for producing dendritical spawn of bag cultivated edible mushroom |
| KR101006732B1 (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2011-01-10 | 문상영 | Method of cultivation of lentinus edodes |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103650918A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-03-26 | 重庆市福鑫洋食用菌有限公司 | Method for preparing germination-fungus cultures through large-block broad-leaved tree wood crumbs |
| CN103650918B (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2016-02-17 | 重庆市福鑫洋食用菌有限公司 | The method of Germination Strain bacterial classification is made of bulk hardwood sawdust |
| CN107173052A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-09-19 | 李贤章 | A kind of implantation methods of mushroom |
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