CN102768883A - 光电混合线缆 - Google Patents

光电混合线缆 Download PDF

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CN102768883A
CN102768883A CN201210202443XA CN201210202443A CN102768883A CN 102768883 A CN102768883 A CN 102768883A CN 201210202443X A CN201210202443X A CN 201210202443XA CN 201210202443 A CN201210202443 A CN 201210202443A CN 102768883 A CN102768883 A CN 102768883A
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cable
electric power
optical fiber
photoelectricity mixing
coating
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CN102768883B (zh
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崔瀚东
李皓淳
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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SEHF Korea Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/22—Cables including at least one electrical conductor together with optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4415—Cables for special applications
    • G02B6/4416—Heterogeneous cables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/441—Optical cables built up from sub-bundles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
    • G02B6/4434—Central member to take up tensile loads

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)

Abstract

提出了一种用于同时传输光信号和电信号的光电混合线缆。该光电混合线缆包括：布置在所述光电混合线缆中心处的光纤线缆，该光纤线缆包括每个都包括可操作地安装在其内部空间中的多个光纤的多个管和布置在所述多个管周围的第一粘合剂；布置在所述光纤线缆周围的多个电力线缆，每一所述电力线缆包括多个导线；和布置在所述多个电力线缆周围的第二粘合剂。

Description

光电混合线缆
技术领域
本发明通常涉及一种光线缆(optical cable)。更特别地，本发明涉及一种能够同时传输光信号和电信号的光电混合线缆。
背景技术
由于工业的发展，用户所需的信息量以指数方式激增。这种通过通信网络传达的以指数方式增长的信息量导致了光纤到户(FTTH)时代的出现，其中，光线缆将到达建筑物内部以大大增加信息的流通量。
常规地，光线缆和电力线缆被分离安装，由此导致对宽的电缆安装空间的需求并且在安装工作中的延迟。这种根据现有技术的安装方法增加与劳动力、材料和空间相关联的费用。
为了解决这些和其它问题和缺点，提出了一种改进的配置，其中，一个线缆包括中央抗拉线(central tensile wire)，在所述中央抗拉线周围布置的电力线缆，以及光纤管被插入所述电力线缆之间的每一凹处(valley)。
但是，不利的是，对于具有这样的配置的线缆而言，分离光纤单元和电力线缆、增加光纤、以及保护光纤使之免受可能施加到所述线缆上的例如外部张力和外部打击力等的外部力是困难的。
进一步地，在具有这样配置的线缆中，为了将光纤管插入到电力线缆之间的凹处，所述电力线缆必须具有非常大的直径，由此导致限制了线缆直径的降低。
因此，存在对一种系统和方法的需求，用于当手动选择来自计算机或用户接口的自诊断项目时在不会引起不便的情况下执行设备的自诊断。
以上的信息被作为背景技术呈现只是为了协助本公开的理解。关于以上的任何内容是否可应用作为关于本发明的在先技术，我们不作出任何判定和不作声明。
发明内容
本发明的典型实施例的各个方面至少解决上述提到的问题和/或缺点，和至少提供以下描述的优点。因此，本发明的典型实施例的一个方面是提供一种光电混合线缆，其被配置利用一个线缆有效且稳定地同时传输光信号和电信号。本发明的典型实施例的这方面的优点可以包括消除对分离地安装光纤线缆和电力线缆的需要，便于增加光纤单元，降低所述线缆的外径，以及有效地保护光纤免受如外部张力和外部打击力等的来自外部的力。
依照本发明的一个方面，提供了一种用于同时传输光信号和电信号的光电混合线缆。所述光电混合线缆包括布置在所述光电混合线缆中心处的光纤线缆，该光纤线缆包括每个都包括可操作地安装在其内部空间中的多个光纤的多个管和布置在所述多个管周围的第一粘合剂；布置在所述光纤线缆周围的多个电力线缆，每一所述电力线缆包括多个导线；和布置在所述多个电力线缆周围的第二粘合剂。
下面结合附图的详细描述揭示了本发明的典型实施方式，根据这些详细描述，本发明的其它方面、优点和显著特征对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。
附图说明
在下面结合附图的描述中，本发明特定典型实施例的上述和其他方面、特征和优点将会变得更加显而易见，其中，
图1说明了根据本发明的典型实施方式的光电混合线缆；
图2说明了根据本发明的典型实施方式的光电混合线缆；和
图3说明了根据本发明的典型实施方式的光电混合线缆；
在所有附图中，相同的附图标记将被理解为指相同的元件、特征和结构。
具体实施方式
参考附图的以下说明被提供以协助广泛理解由权利要求和其等同物所限定的本发明的典型实施方式。它包括多种具体的细节以协助理解，但这些仅仅认为是示例性的。因此，本领域技术人员将意识到，在没有脱离本发明的范围和精神情况下，可进行在此所述的实施例的各种变化和修改。此外，为了清楚和简洁起见，忽略了公知功能和构造的描述。
在以下说明书和权利要求书中使用的术语和词语不限于书目含义，而仅仅由发明人用来实现对本发明清楚和一致的理解。因此，本领域技术人员应该显而易见的是，本发明的典型实施例的以下说明只是出于说明目的而不是为了如随附的权利要求书和其等同物中所限定的那样来限制本发明目的来提供的。
可以理解的是，单数形式“一”、“一个”、“该”均包括复数个指示物，除非上下文另外明确地指示。因此，例如，对“组件表面(a componet surface)”的提及包括对一个或多个这种表面的提及。
特别地，应当注意，序数号例如第一和第二仅仅被用于区分具有相同名称的组件，并且这些序数号可以不顾它们的顺序而被任意使用。
图1说明了根据本发明的典型实施方式的光电混合线缆。
参考图1，所述光电混合线缆10包括光纤线缆100，多个电力线缆210和220，第二粘合剂240，多个插入核230，接地元件250，电磁屏蔽元件260，第三粘合剂270，第二剥离绳(rip cord)285，和第二涂层280。
所述光缆100位于光电混合线缆10的中心，且光纤线缆100包括中心抗拉元件120，多个管130，第一粘合剂150，第一剥离绳160，和第一涂层110。
所述中心抗拉元件120被布置在光纤线缆100的中心。所述中心抗拉元件120为光纤线缆100提供抗拉强度。例如，所述中心抗拉元件120可以抵挡高的压缩和抗拉负载。此外，所述中心抗拉元件120可以为阻燃的。所述中心抗拉元件120可以只包括一个芯，该芯由例如钢的导电材料或由如玻璃纤维加强塑料(FRP)的非导电材料例制成，或者可以包括芯和堆叠在芯外表面上的涂层。所述涂层由非导电材料制成，可以由塑料材料制成，例如聚乙烯(PE)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)。
所述多个管130被布置在所述中心抗拉元件120周围。作为一个例子，所述多个管130的布置可以为线性布置，螺旋形布置，和/或S-Z布置。优选地，所述多个管130可以直接缠绕(也就是说接触)所述中心抗拉元件120的外部圆周以便包围所述中心抗拉元件120。由于“S-Z布置”在Heinrich A.Kraft发明的已获得授权的美国专利号为4828352，名称为“S-Z Stranded Optical Cable”中有详细描述，所以将省去其详细说明。
所述管130具有中空圆柱几何形状，在其中心具有孔135和多个着色光纤140被安装在管130中的所述孔135中。所述管130可以由非导电的塑料材料制成。例如，所述管130可以由诸如聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)和聚氨酯(PU)之类的材料制成。作为另一个实例，所述管130可以由具有阻燃特性的低烟无卤(LSZH)材料制成。优选地，所述着色光纤140可以具有0.9mm或以下(例如0.6mm)的直径。根据本发明的典型实施例，所述着色光纤140可以具有在0.6mm到0.9mm之间的直径。
例如吸收性粉料、遇水膨胀纱、和吸收性胶，和/或类似的防水或吸收性元件可以被填充到管130中的孔135中。所述吸收性元件吸收渗透到所述管130中的潮气。
根据本发明的典型实施例，不是在所述管130中的所述孔135中填充吸收性元件，而是可以在所述管130中的所述孔135中填充加强元件。例如，所述加强元件可以为例如聚芳基酰胺纱(yarn)和玻璃纱之类的加强纱。此外，所述加强纱可以用超级吸收性粉料涂覆，并且遇水膨胀纱和聚芳基酰胺纱的组合也可以被用作加强元件。
虽然在本发明的该典型实施例中借助例子将着色光纤140安装在所述管130中便于它们的识别，但是任何类型的光学传输介质(其是用于光信号的传输介质)都可以被安装在所述管130中。这样的光学传输介质的例子可以包括只包含芯和包覆层(clad)的普通光纤、在其外侧包含树脂层的光纤、紧缓冲光纤(tightbuffer fibers)，带状光纤(ribbon optical fibers)等等。换句话说，所述光学传输介质可以包括由高折射率芯和低折射率包覆层制成的裸光纤、涂覆有树脂的裸光纤(例如，这种类型通常被称为“光纤”)，挤压和涂覆有塑料的光纤(例如，这种类型被称为“缓冲光纤”)，以及涂覆有树脂并且被集成的多个光纤(例如，这种类型被称为“带状光纤”)。所述紧缓冲光纤(其也被称为紧涂覆的光纤)包括用作光信号的传输介质并具有相对高折射率的芯、用于将光信号限制于所述芯中并具有相对低折射率的包覆层、和用于保护由所述芯和所述包覆层制成的光纤的紧涂覆层。所述紧涂覆层的材料可以包括聚合物，例如PVC、海特勒(Hytrel)、尼龙、PE、聚酯(polyester)、和聚烯烃(polyolefin)。
所述第一粘合剂150被布置在所述管130周围以便直接地包裹所述管130。根据本发明的典型实施例，所述第一粘合剂150用于将所述管130固定到所述中心抗拉元件120的圆周。所述第一粘合剂150可以包括由塑料材料(例如，聚酯)制成的带子。作为另一个例子，所述第一粘合剂150可以包括用于防止潮气渗入其中的防水带。
第一涂层110被布置作为所述光纤线缆100的最外区域或层。例如，第一涂层110被配置为以便可操作地围绕所述第一粘合剂150。优选地，第一涂层110直接堆叠(也就是接触)所述第一粘合剂150的外圆周以便包裹第一粘合剂150。第一涂层110用于保护光纤线缆100的内部免受外部影响。所述第一涂层110被直接挤压在所述第一粘合剂150的外圆周上，并且所述第一涂层110可以由塑料材料例如PVC、PE、聚烯烃(polyolefin)、和乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)共聚物制成。优选地，所述第一涂层110可以具有28％或更多的氧指数以确保足够的阻燃性。所述氧指数是可燃固体可以点燃的限制氧气浓度的无量纲值，也可被称为极限氧气指数(LOI)。作为一个例子，所述第一涂层110可以包含卤素化合物、氢氧化铝、或氢氧化镁以来增加氧指数。作为另一例子，所述第一涂层110可以由具有阻燃特性的LSZH材料制成。
例如防水纱的吸收性元件，或例如聚芳基酰胺纱的加强元件可以填充到所述第一涂层110内部的中空空间115中。
所述第一剥离绳160位于在所述第一粘合剂150和所述第一涂层110之间，且被布置为与所述第一涂层110的内部圆周相邻以便于剥离所述第一涂层110。
根据本发明的典型实施例，多个电力线缆210和220被布置在光纤线缆100周围。作为一个例子，所述布置可以为线性布置、螺旋形布置和S-Z布置。优选地，所述多个电力线缆210和220可以直接缠绕(也就是接触)所述光纤线缆100的外圆周以便围绕所述光纤线缆100。所述多个电力线缆210和220包括多个导线214和224(其是用于电信号的传输介质)或接地线和涂层212，222，其直接堆叠(也就是说接触)所述导线214和224的外圆周以便包裹所述导线214和224以便将所述导线214和224与外部隔离。所述导线214和224可以包括普通铜线。根据本发明的典型实施例，所述涂层212和222直接挤压到所述导线214和224的外圆周上。所述涂层212和222可以由塑料材料制成，例如，PE、聚烯烃、EVA和PVC。此外，涂层212和222可由具有阻燃特性的材料制造。例如，涂层212和222可以由交联聚烯烃(XLPO)和阻燃性的PE制成，或可以具有LSZH的特性。例如，所述电力线缆210和220可以包括7(或者19)条螺旋缠绕铜线。
所述多个电力线缆210和220可以根据它们内置导线的总直径被分为多种类型。根据本发明这样的典型实施例，所述多个电力线缆210和220包括两个第一电力线缆210和六个第二电力线缆220，第一电力线缆210包括总直径相对大的内置导线，第二电力线缆包括总直径上相对小的内置导线。例如，每一导线可以由铜材料制成。例如，每一导线可以具有1mm2的横截面积。
所述电力线缆210和220可以分别地具有色带216和226，其所有或部分以特有颜色着色，或者暴露于其外表面以指示所述内置导线的总直径、直径或个别导线的数目，等等。
第二粘合剂240被布置在所述电力线缆210和220周围以便直接地包裹所述电力线缆210和220。所述第二粘合剂240用于将所述电力线缆210和220固定到所述光纤线缆100的圆周。所述第二粘合剂240可以包括由塑料材料(例如聚酯)制成的带子。作为另一例子，所述第二粘合剂240可以包括用于防止潮气渗入其中的防水带。
多个插入芯230被布置在形成在两相邻的电力线缆210和220之间的外部凹处，以便所述光电混合线缆10可以保持其最初形状。例如，外部凹处(例如，接近所述光电混合线缆10的外圆周)和内部凹处(例如，接近所述光电混合线缆10的中心)形成在两相邻的第一电力线缆210之间，且一个插入芯230被布置在所述第一电力线缆210之间的外部凹处。作为一个例子，所述插入芯230可以由一个或多个纱制成。所述插入芯230的材料可以包括塑料，例如阻燃性或非阻燃性聚丙烯。
根据本发明的典型实施例，所述电磁屏蔽元件260被布置在所述第二粘合剂240周围。所述电磁屏蔽元件260用于阻挡电磁波。换句话说，所述电磁屏蔽元件260完全包裹在所述第二粘合剂240的圆周周围，且阻止入射到其表面上的电磁波通过电磁屏蔽元件260渗透(例如，或泄露)进入其内部(或外部)。被所述电磁屏蔽元件260阻挡并在其表面上流动的电磁波通过接地元件250被传送到外部大地。
作为一个例子，电磁屏蔽元件260可以包括铝聚酯树脂(aluminum mylar)带。虽然根据本发明的一些典型实施例借助例子所述第二粘合剂240和所述电磁屏蔽元件260被一起使用，但是所述电磁屏蔽元件260可以被配置为直接螺旋地包裹在所述电力线缆210和220的圆周，移除了第二粘合剂240，从而，电磁屏蔽元件260也用作第二粘合剂240。
接地元件250被布置在所述第二粘合剂240和所述电磁屏蔽元件260之间以使得其与所述电磁屏蔽元件260相接触。所述地面元件250包括多个导线。作为一个例子，所述导线可以包括普通铜线。例如，所述地面元件250可包括加蔽线，其中7或19条铜线被螺旋地缠绕，每条都具有1mm2的横截面积。
第三粘合剂270被布置在所述电磁屏蔽元件260周围以便直接包裹所述电磁屏蔽元件260。作为一个例子，所述第三粘合剂270用于将所述电磁屏蔽元件260固定到所述第二粘合剂240的圆周。所述第三粘合剂270可以包括由塑料材料(例如聚酯)制成的带子。作为另一例子，所述第三粘合剂可以包括用于阻止潮气渗透其中的防水带。
所述第二涂层280被布置在所述光电混合线缆10的最外面中。例如，所述第二涂层280围绕所述第三粘合剂270。优选地，所述第二涂层280可以直接堆叠(即接触)所述第三粘合剂270的外圆周以便包裹所述第三粘合剂270。所述第二涂层280用于保护所述光电混合线缆10的内部免受外部影响。所述第二涂层280被直接挤压在所述第三粘合剂270的外圆周上。例如，所述第二涂层280可以由例如PVC、PE、聚烯烃、EVA等等塑料材料制成。优选地，所述第二涂层280可以具有28％或者更多的氧指数来确保足够的阻燃性。作为一个例子，第二涂层280可包含卤素化合物，氢氧化铝，或氢氧化镁，以增加氧指数。第二涂层280可以由具有阻燃特性的LSZH材料制成。
吸收性元件可以被填充到第二涂层280(或第二粘合剂240)内的中空空间232中。作为一个例子，这样的吸收性元件可以为防水纱，或例如聚芳基酰胺纱的加强元件。
根据本发明的典型实施例，第二剥离绳285位于所述第三粘合剂270和所述第二涂层280之间。所述第二剥离绳285被布置与所述第二涂层280的内部圆周相邻以便于所述第二涂层280的剥离。
图2说明了根据本发明的典型实施方式的光电混合线缆。
参考图2，光电混合线缆10’在结构上与图1中所说明的所述光电混合线缆10相似。作为一个例子，所述光电混合线缆10’与光电混合线缆10的不同之处在于所述光电混合线缆10’进一步包括在其中心的围绕所述光纤线缆100的微型导管300。因此，相同的附图标记代表相同的组件，并且为了简洁起见，将省略重复的描述。
所述微型导管300大体位于所述光电混合线缆10’的中心。所述微型导管300具有中空圆柱几何形状，在其中心具有孔310，并且光纤线缆100被安装在所述微型导管300中的所述孔310中。作为一个例子，所述微型导管300可以由非导电塑料材料制成。例如，所述微型导管300可以由例如PVC、PBT、PP、PE。PU等材料制成。作为另一实施例，所述微型导管300可以由具有阻燃特性的LSZH材料制成。
根据本发明的典型实施例，在所述微型导管300中的所述孔310在直径上大于所述光纤线缆100。例如，根据本发明的典型实施例，所述孔310具有额外的空间，所以如果必要的话，其它光纤线缆可以进一步随后被安装在所述微型导管300中。优选地，例如，所述光纤线缆100所占的横截面积相应于在所述微型导管300中的孔310所占的横截面积的85％或更少。
图3说明了根据本发明的典型实施例的光电混合线缆。
参考图3，光电混合线缆10”在结构上与图1中所说明的光电混合线缆10相似。作为一个例子，光电混合线缆10”与光电混合线缆10的不同之处在于第一剥离绳160和第一涂层110被从在图1中所说明的所述光纤线缆100去除。换句话说，光电混合线缆10”不包括图1示出的包含在光电混合线缆10中的第一剥离绳160和第一涂层110。因此，相同的附图标记代表相同的组件，并且为了简洁起见，将省略重复的描述。
如图3所示，光纤线缆100’位于所述光电混合线缆10”的中心。所述光纤线缆100’包括中心抗拉元件120、多个管130和第一粘合剂150。根据本发明的典型实施例，所述光纤线缆100’不包括涂层和/或剥离绳。
多个电力线缆210和220被布置在所述光纤线缆100’周围。作为一个例子，所述多个管130的布置可以为可以为线性布置、螺旋形布置和/或S-Z布置。优选地，所述多个电力线缆210和220可以直接缠绕(即接触)所述第一粘合剂150的外圆周以便围绕光纤线缆100’。
正如从以上描述中可以显而易见的是，本发明提出的光电混合线缆包括位于在其中心的光纤线缆和具有在所述光纤线缆周围设置的多个电力线缆，以使得利用一个线缆有效且稳定地同时传输光信号和电信号成为可能。这样的光纤线缆的好处可以包括消除对分离地安装光纤线缆和电力线缆的需要，便于增加光纤单元，降低所述线缆的外径，以及有效地保护光纤免受外力，例如来自包括外部张力和外部打击力的外部施加的力。
尽管已经参考本发明的某些典型实施例示出和描述了本发明，但本领域技术人员应理解是的，其中可以在形式和细节上进行多种变化。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于同时传输光信号和电信号的光电混合线缆，所述光电混合线缆包括：
布置在所述光电混合线缆中心处的光纤线缆，该光纤线缆包括每个都包括可操作地安装在其内部空间中的多个光纤的多个管和布置在所述多个管周围的第一粘合剂；
布置在所述光纤线缆周围的多个电力线缆，每一所述电力线缆包括多个导线；和
布置在所述多个电力线缆周围的第二粘合剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光电混合线缆，其中，所述光纤线缆进一步包括布置在该第二粘合剂周围和布置在所述光纤线缆的最外面的涂层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光电混合线缆，进一步包括微型导管，其包括内部空间，光纤线缆被可操作地布置在该内部空间内；其中，所述微型导管基本上布置在所述光电混合线缆的中心中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的光电混合线缆，进一步包括多个插入芯，多个插入芯中的每个被布置在所述多个电力线缆中的至少一个与所述第二粘合剂之间，以便所述光电混合线缆能够保持其最初的形状。
5.根据权利要求2所述的光电混合线缆，进一步包括布置在所述多个电力线缆和所述涂层之间用于电磁屏蔽的电磁屏蔽元件。
6.根据权利要求5所述的光电混合线缆，进一步包括布置在所述多个电力线缆和所述涂层之间的接地元件，以便与所述电磁屏蔽元件接触。
7.根据权利要求1所述的光电混合线缆，其中，所述电力线缆包括：
至少一个导线；和
布置在所述导线周围的非导电涂层。
8.根据权利要求1所述的光电混合线缆，其中，所述多个电力线缆包括至少两种类型的电力线缆，和
其中所述至少两种类型电力线缆的每一个包括与其它类型的电力线缆的内置导线在直径上不同的内置导线。
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