CN1152784A - 通信和电力混合电缆以及采用它的分配方法和网络 - Google Patents

通信和电力混合电缆以及采用它的分配方法和网络 Download PDF

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CN1152784A
CN1152784A CN96109628A CN96109628A CN1152784A CN 1152784 A CN1152784 A CN 1152784A CN 96109628 A CN96109628 A CN 96109628A CN 96109628 A CN96109628 A CN 96109628A CN 1152784 A CN1152784 A CN 1152784A
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cable
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罗纳德·达安·埃默斯
约翰·加兰·梅西纳
德怀特·阿普洛斯·菲尔普斯
约翰·约瑟夫·威尔斯
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Southern New England Telephone Co
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    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/46—Processes or apparatus adapted for installing or repairing optical fibres or optical cables
    • G02B6/50—Underground or underwater installation; Installation through tubing, conduits or ducts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4402—Optical cables with one single optical waveguide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4415—Cables for special applications
    • G02B6/4416—Heterogeneous cables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4415—Cables for special applications
    • G02B6/4416—Heterogeneous cables
    • G02B6/4422—Heterogeneous cables of the overhead type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/46—Processes or apparatus adapted for installing or repairing optical fibres or optical cables
    • G02B6/48—Overhead installation
    • G02B6/483—Installation of aerial type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
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Abstract

一种用于分配通信信号和三相中等大小电压交流电的混合电缆、以及使用这种混合电缆分配方法和网络，电缆包括一中空导管、从导管中牵引并置于导管中的光纤、在导管周围的电力导体以及容有电力导体提供结构保护和绝缘特性的护套。

Description

通信和电力混合电缆以及采用它的分配方法和网络
本发明一般涉及用于分配通信信号和电力的混合电缆，特别是，涉及一种多导体光通信和电力混合电缆，本发明还涉及一种用于经这种电缆分配光信号和向设备供电的方法和网络。
纤维光缆越来越多地用于传输图象、话音和数据信号，用光纤传输通信信号的某些优点包括光信号可不受电磁干扰、以及光纤尺寸小，重量轻和带宽宽。
在一种示范的光纤网络中，电信号在发送点由电—光发射机转换成光信号，光信号经光纤传送到接收点的光电接收机，接收机从光纤耦合出光，并把所包含的信号转换回电信号，光接收机是有源网络部件，即需要电力来工作。
沿光纤通路的中间各点放大和再生光信号的光中继器也是有源网络部分，光信号在被光中继器放大和再生之前能够传播的距离随光纤类型和其它因素而不同。
为对光电接收机、光中继器和其它有关的有源部件供电，不能通过光纤传递足够的电流和电压，在对这些有源部件供电时，常常必须依靠由电力公司传送的电力，这样，若电力公司的电力中断，则光纤网络的工作就停顿了。
混合电缆有着光纤和电导体两者，这与采用这种电缆的网络都是熟知的。但是，通常已知的混合电缆的结构包括光纤，这些光纤在电缆安装前就永久地固定在电缆内，这样在连接处和终端处就要花很多时间把光纤与金属导体彼此分开，并与其它电缆部件分开。而且，现有的混合电缆或使用这种电缆的网络都未能在大范围内满意地分配设备供电的电力。
按照本发明的混合电缆克服了上述和其它缺点，同时满足了规定的要求，这种电缆包括一中空导管，适于通过该导管牵引光纤并在其中容纳光纤，随后安装；多个电力导体组，围绕中空导管，有着一层或多层的护套，对包在其中的电力导体提供结构保护和有电特性。
本发明的其它方面包括在导管内便于以后安装光纤的措施，包括使导管壁表面润滑和或导管内的牵引带(pulling ribbon)。
在一较好实施例中，电力导体是几组螺旋状的绞合铝导体，每一组由一绝缘层包围，在各组电力导体之间可置入填充材料，填充材料和各组电力导体形成环形芯子，由带子，(例如聚脂薄膜布)缠绕。
在另一实施例中，中空导管可由聚合物(例如聚乙烯)构成，容有电力导体的护套的第一层可以是钢，存放套的第二层可以是聚乙烯。
较好的实施例也可以在导管内包括有用于存放为系统发展而附加的光纤的空间(例如，用于日后增加的节点)。
按照本发明的另一方面，一种分配电力和光信号的方法包括在一源位置与另一相对较远的位置之间安装一条电缆，该电缆包括中空导管、中空导管周围的电力导体，以及将电力导体置于其中的具有一层或多层的护套，牵引光纤通过中空导管，提供各位置间的连接，这样电缆在光纤上传送光信号并在电力导体上传送电力；电力与光信号绝缘；在远端位置处转换由电缆送来的电力以用于网络中有源部件。
按照本发明又一方面，一种分配电力和光信号至一远端位置的网络包括处于中央位置的交流电流；用于提供光信号和传送来自位于中央的电源电力至远端位置的混合电缆，该电缆包括中空导管、在电缆安装后通过导管牵引并置于其内的光纤、置于导管周围的电力导体，以及其中容有电力导体的具有一层或多层的护套；位于远端位置处的终端，使电力与光信号隔离；以及与终端相连的电源，它接收由电缆传送的电力，用于向网络中的有源部件供电。
本发明的其它优点将由于下面对如附图所示举例说明的最佳实施例所作的叙述而变得对技术人员来说易于理介，这些例子作为本发明的最佳模式。如将会认识到的那样，本发明可有其它和不同的实施例，其细节可在各种不同方面修改，都不离开本发明。由此，图和描述事实上应被看作示意性的而非限制性的。
图1表示按照本发明最佳实施例的一种通信和电力混合电缆。
图2表示采用本发明最佳实施例的混合电缆来从中央位置向远端位置分配电力和光信号的网络结构。
图1表示按照本发明最佳实施例构成的一种光通信和电力混合电缆10。图1所示电缆直径的62英寸，适于用在600伏相-相电力应用，可经受最高为摄氏75度的温度。
中空导管12，可由润滑的塑料(如聚乙烯)制成，在较佳实施例中直径约1英寸，该导管由电力导体14的绞合线围住，电力导体可以是铅，电力导体14集合成几组，由绝缘材料16包围，绝缘材料16在较佳实施例中为0.055英寸厚，由符合ICEA S-61-402，第6部分的标准，该标准通过引用包括在这里，各组电力导体14包括多条电路，能在最大为600伏的电压下传送三相交流电。
各组电力导体14螺旋状地围绕中空导管12，在较佳实施例中，把电力导体14捻成电缆，其左捻绞距(left-hand lay)不大于缆芯直径的15倍，填充材料18置于各组电导体14之间，填充材料18和各组电力导体14一起形成大体呈环形的缆芯20，被聚脂材料(如聚脂薄膜)带缠绕，在较佳实施例中，聚脂带为0.003英寸厚，50％重迭地缠绕。
金属护套22，例如横波纹钢泽塔邦(zetabon)带，在每一面涂以乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物，将圆形芯子20容于其中，使其密不透水和防腐蚀，并增强电缆10的结构强度和柔性，尼龙焊道(bead)(未画出)在带子的搭接部分下连续延伸以使护套22密封。
绝缘外套24，例如挤压聚乙烯，将金属护套22容于其中，在较佳实施例中，外套24为0.110英寸厚，符合ICEA S-61-402，第6部分标准，外套24可抗环境影响，如气候、阳光和温度的极端条件，以及如引起磨损和开裂的和在安装和维护期间遇到的机械应力，外套24也可在其表面做上标记，在较佳实施例中，电缆表面包括三条黄色纵向条子(未画出)，相隔120度。
按照本发明的混合电缆可用已知方法按所需长度安装，例如，电缆可架空安装、安装在管道中、或直接埋藏，较佳实施例中的混合电缆的典型长度约1200英尺。
在一段长度的混合电缆安装后，一段光纤(未画出)用例如预先装设在中空导管12内的牵引带26牵引过中空导管12，中空导管12为备用光纤提供了存储空间，以后可用于例如系统扩充。
图2表示采用本发明混合电缆10从中央位置60向远端位置46、48分配电力和光信号的网络结构40。
在中央位置60，交流主电源42，例如从电力公司购买的电流，向不间断电源44供电，后者向网络提供经调节的、可靠的交流电流，不间断电源44提供例如480V相—相电力，并提供了冗余，这样电源44之一的故障不会中断网络40的工作。
在交流主电源所在地附近提供了备用电源，如发动机驱动的交流发电机46，其产生交流电来取代丧失的电力公司的电力，自动转接开关68可在电源42、46之间自动切换。
此外，在发动机驱动的发电机46加在线上以前，若来自主电源42的电流中断，则电池电源47在一般足以在多数情形下采取补救措施的时间(例如4小时)内对不间断电源44提供保留电力。这样，单个电源系统部件的故障不会中断网络40的工作。
如上所述，较佳实施例已结合图1讨论过的通信和电力混合电缆10，将中央位置60连接到远端位置，例如接头端46，并把接差头端连到其它接头端，接头端可依次与其它远端站，(如远端光和电的节点48)通信。
以下说明网络接头和终端细节。
接头端46使电力电路与由混合电缆10所载的光纤通信电路隔离，用于连接电缆的硬件和技术是已知的并可购得。
从被连接的混合电缆(未画出)来的交流电提供给位于每一远端节点48的电源(未画出)，电源可以是本领域中已知的一种类型，如铁磁共振变压器，其输入侧连接到被连接的混合电缆，而输出侧连接到传统的同轴电缆(未画出)，同轴电缆随后将电力提供给有源网络部件，如光中继器(未画出)和光电接口设备(未画示)，这样，无需使用在远端节点处的电力公司的电力。
中央位置60内的小型电源与中央位置60处的电源42、44、46和47有类似结构，可用于对分配距离超出网络的较佳实施例的电气限制的网络服务，同样，用在网络40中的混合电缆10的导体尺寸和数量可按照电缆10长度及电缆10必须传送的电力和/或通信信号而变化。

Claims (23)

1.一种对远端位置提供光信号和电力的混合电缆，其特征在于，包括：
中空导管，适于在所述电缆安装后牵引光纤从中通过并置于其内；
多个电力导体，位于中空管周围；以及
护套，容纳电力导体，所述护套具有一层或多层，提供结构保护和绝缘特性。
2.如权利要求1的混合电缆，其特征在于，在所述中空导管内进一步包括易于使光纤从所述中空导管内拉过的手段。
3.如权利要求2的混合电缆，其特征在于，所述手段包括一润滑表面。
4.如权利要求2的混合电缆，其特征在于，所述手段包括一牵引带。
5.如权利要求1或2的混合电缆，其特征在于，所述多个电力导体包括拧成股的铝。
6.如权利要求1或2的混合电缆，其特征在于，进一步包括一绝缘层，围绕所述多个铝电力导体。
7.如权利要求1或2的混合电缆，其特征在于，进一步包括置于所述多个电力导体之间的填充材料，这样电力导体和填充材料形成大体上为环形的缆芯。
8.如权利要求7的混合电缆，其特征在于，进一步包括缠绕所述缆芯的一层聚脂薄膜带。
9.如权利要求1或2的混合电缆，其特征在于，所述中空导管包括聚乙烯。
10.如权利要求1或2的混合电缆，其特征在于，所述容纳所述电力导体的护套的第一层包括钢带。
11.如权利要求1或的混合电缆，其特征在于，所述容有所述电力导体的护套的第二层包括聚乙烯。
12.如权利要求11的混合电缆，其特征在于，进一步包括在所述护套第二层上的多个纵向条。
13.如权利要求1或2的混合电缆，其特征在于，所述中空导管的尺寸可为额外的光纤提供空间。
14.一种对远端位置提供光信号和电力的混合电缆，其特征在于，包括：
中空塑料导管，适于在所述电缆安装后牵引光纤从中通过并置于其内，
多个被绝缘的电力导体，螺旋状地围绕所述塑料管。
金属护套，容纳电力导体，形成不透水组件，以及
绝缘外套，覆盖金属护套。
15.一种对远端位置分配电力和光信号的方法，其特征在于，包括：
(1)安装一条电缆，始于一中央位置和止于远端位置，该电缆包括：
中空导管，
多个置于中空导管周围的电力导体，
护套，容纳电力导体，所述护套具有一层或多层，以提供结构强度和绝缘特性；
(2)经中空导管内从中央位置牵引光纤到远端位置，这样电缆在光纤上传送光信号和在电力导体上传送三相电力；
(3)使电力与光信号隔离；以及
(4)在远端位置转换由电缆传送的电力以用于对网络中有源部件供电。
16.一种对远端位置分配电力和光信号的网络，其特征在于，包括：
位于中央的三相交流电源；
混合电缆，用于传送光信号和从所述中央位置的电源向远端位置传送电力，所述混合电缆包括：
中空导管，适于牵引光纤从中通过和容于其中，
多个电力导体，围绕中空导管，
护套，容纳电力导体，所述护套具有一层或多层，以提供结构保护和绝缘特性；
终端，位于远端装置，使电力与光信号隔离；以及
电源，与终端相联系，所述电源接收所述混合电缆传送的电力，用于对网络中有源部件供电。
17.如权利要求16的网络，其特征在于，在所述导管中包括易于从中牵引所述光纤的手段。
18.如权利要求16或17的对远端位置分配电力和光信号的网络，其特征在于，所述中央位置的电源包括至少一个不间断电源。
19.如权利要求16或17的对远端位置分配电力和光信号的网络，其特征在于，所述中央位置的电源包括另一主电源。
20.如权利要求19的对远端位置分配电力和光信号的网络，其特征在于，另一主电源包括一发动机驱动的交流发电机。
21.如权利要求16或17的对远端位置分配电力和光信号的网络，其特征在于，所述中央位置的电源包括电力公司。
22.如权利要求16或17的对远端位置分配电力和光信号的网络，其特征在于，有源网络部件包括光中继器。
23.如权利要求16或17的对远端位置分配电力和光信号的网络，其特征在于，有源网络部件包括光电接收机。
CN96109628A 1995-08-28 1996-08-28 通信和电力混合电缆以及采用它的分配方法和网络 Pending CN1152784A (zh)

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