CN102765992B - Fluid fertilizer for seedling culture and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fluid fertilizer for seedling culture and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102765992B CN102765992B CN201210277892.0A CN201210277892A CN102765992B CN 102765992 B CN102765992 B CN 102765992B CN 201210277892 A CN201210277892 A CN 201210277892A CN 102765992 B CN102765992 B CN 102765992B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a multi-nutrient-element fluid fertilizer for seedling culture and a preparation method of the fluid fertilizer. The multi-nutrient-element fluid fertilizer is compounded of reed vinegar liquid and used for seedling culture of trees and vegetables. The fluid fertilizer is characterized by being prepared from reed vinegar liquid, urea, monopotassium phosphate, magnesium salt, molysite and EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid) in the proportion of (0.5-1.5L):(50-100g):(50-100g):(20-50g):(10-30g):(1-10g). The fluid fertilizer is diluted with water into a solution of which the volume is 400-800 times as much as the volume of the original solution; experiments prove that the fluid fertilizer has the beneficial effects of obviously promoting the growth of seedlings, promoting the rooting of seedlings, improving the clustering rate of roots, planting survival rate, thickening stems, increasing the leaf area and chlorophyll content, shortening the seedling culture period of trees by about 7 days, decreasing the seedling culture period of vegetables by about 5 days, thereby further improving the economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of fertilizers, particularly a kind of multi-nutrient element for forest grow seedlings of vegetable forming as raw material is composite take reed vinegar liquid liquid fertilizer and preparation method thereof of growing seedlings.
Background technology
Along with agriculture development, also increasing to the demand of liquid fertilizer, seedling industry is as a new industry of agricultural, and development is at present very rapid, to the demand of fertilizer also expanding day.Due to the characteristic of growing of seedling, not only need the fertilizer can short-term response, and fertilizer can't injure seedling, therefore the use of Liquid Fertilizer seems particularly important.At present, although the Liquid Fertilizer on market is of a great variety, prepare Liquid Fertilizer take forest and agricultural biomass the like waste as raw material rare.China not still one can produce the large agricultural country of a large amount of agricultural crop straws, but also there is abundant wetland resource, there are 14 reed main producing regions nationwide now, the total area reaches 3,838 ten thousand hectares, abounds with reed, therefore reed is described as " the second forest ".
And the utilization of reed is at present comparatively single, be mainly used in papermaking, not only low in economic efficiency, and also also more serious to the pollution of environment.Utilize pyrolytic technique to produce reed vinegar liquid, then the liquid fertilizer obtaining according to the composite certain chemical element of the nutritional needs of seedling, it is balanced in nutrition, fertilizer efficiency is fast, remarkable to growth of seedling promoter action, and uses conveniently.And the by product after reed pyrolysis all can be utilized, as solid can be for soil improvement, gas is used for generating in area with good conditionsi.Because the composite consumption of this Liquid Fertilizer chemical element is less, and main component comes from natural frond, and life-time service is pollution-free, brought novel method to the exploitation of agricultural the like waste simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
One of object of the present invention is to provide a kind of balanced in nutrition, liquid fertilizer of growing seedlings that fertilizer efficiency is fast;
Two of object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of aforesaid liquid fertilizer.
The one liquid fertilizer of growing seedlings, its special feature is, prepared by following raw material: reed vinegar liquid, urea, potassium primary phosphate, magnesium salts, molysite and EDTA, and the usage ratio of above-mentioned raw materials is 0.5-1.5L:50-100g:50-100g:20-50g:10-30g:1-10g.
The usage ratio of wherein said raw material is 0.9-1.1L:70-90g:70-80g:25-40g:15-25g:3-6g.
In its Raw, also comprise tween-80, and the usage ratio of tween-80 and reed vinegar liquid is 1.5-2.5ml:0.5-1.5L.
Wherein the preparation of reed vinegar liquid is to adopt pyrolytic process, the reed raw material of water content 15% ± 5% is placed in to the reactor of 500 ± 50 ℃, under isolated air conditions, heat 4-7 hour, by pyrolysis to gas utilize circulating water condensing to obtain the thick vinegar liquid of reed, the thick vinegar liquid of reed, except leaving standstill 4-6 month after tar removing, obtains reed vinegar liquid.
Wherein magnesium salts adopts magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride or magnesium nitrate, and molysite adopts ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate or iron protocarbonate.
A kind of preparation method of the liquid fertilizer of growing seedlings, its special feature is, comprise the steps: to prepare reed vinegar liquid by method for pyrolysis, then in reed vinegar liquid, add EDTA, magnesium salts, molysite to carry out chelatropic reaction according to the proportioning of any one in claim 1 to 5, after chelatropic reaction completes, add urea and potassium primary phosphate, stir it is dissolved completely, obtain liquid fertilizer.
The grow seedlings preparation method of liquid fertilizer, comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of reed vinegar liquid:
Adopt pyrolytic process, the reed raw material of water content 15% ± 5% is placed in to the reactor of 500 ± 50 ℃, under isolated air conditions, heat 4-7 hour, by pyrolysis to gas utilize circulating water condensing to obtain the thick vinegar liquid of reed, the thick vinegar liquid of reed, except leaving standstill 4-6 month after tar removing, obtains reed vinegar liquid stand-by;
(2) liquid fertilizer is composite:
Measure the pH value of reed vinegar liquid, if pH>5 regulates and makes to re-use behind its pH≤5 with sulfuric acid, otherwise can directly use, then measure reed vinegar liquid and pack vessel in heating into, Heating temperature 40-50 ℃ and maintenance; In reed vinegar liquid, add complexing agent EDTA, take respectively again magnesium salts and molysite and be added in reed vinegar liquid, regulate and make its pH keep pH≤5 with sulfuric acid simultaneously, make it to occur chelatropic reaction, reaction times 30min-50min, in reaction, continuous stirred solution is to solution clear; Then add urea and potassium primary phosphate, and stirring is dissolved it completely.
The final step after having responded, in solution, add tween-80, and the usage ratio of tween-80 and reed vinegar liquid is 1.5-2.5ml:0.5-1.5L.
The 400-800 that when this liquid fertilizer uses, dilute with water is original solution volume doubly, through evidence, the beneficial effect of liquid fertilizer provided by the invention is: the growth-promoting effect to seedling is remarkable, can promote that seedling takes root, overstriking, the increase of leaf area and the raising of chlorophyllous content of the agglomerating rate of root, planting survival rates, stem, reduce about 7 days forest seedling growth cycles, about 5 days grow seedlings of vegetable cycles, thereby improved economic benefit.Also have certain insect protected, prophylaxis effect, the greenhouse occurred frequently for disease and pest can play certain prophylactic effect.Can be used as soil fungicides, crop foliage fertilizer, odor scavenging agent.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the liquid fertilizer preparation method schema of growing seedlings of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
(1) preparation of reed vinegar liquid:
Utilize pyrolytic process, the reed raw material of water content 15% (by weight) is placed under the isolated air conditions of reactor of 500 ℃ and heats 6 hours, by pyrolysis to gas utilize circulating water condensing to obtain the thick vinegar liquid of reed, thick this reed vinegar liquid tar after standing a couple of days can be floated on to fluid surface, utilize container to remove tar removing.After the thick vinegar liquid of reed except tar removing is left standstill to 5 months, obtain dark green, extremely cyan clarified liq of yellowish brown, reed vinegar liquid is for subsequent use.
Reed vinegar liquid is a kind of mixture containing Various Complex composition, main component is water (90% left and right), is secondly the natural organic matters such as organic acid (2% left and right), phenols (2% left and right), ketone (2% left and right), aldehydes (2% left and right), alcohols (0.2% left and right).
(2) liquid fertilizer is composite:
Composition of raw materials is reed vinegar liquid 1L, urea 80g, and potassium primary phosphate 70g, magnesium sulfate 30g, ferric sulfate 20g, EDTA is 5g.
Reed vinegar liquid pH value regulates, and measures the pH value of wish configuration reed vinegar liquid, and more than result pH>5, making its pH with the vitriol oil (volumetric molar concentration is 18.4mol/L) adjusting is 4.9.
Reed vinegar liquid measure is got and heats, and measures reed vinegar liquid and packs in heating container (can use 11 beakers while preparation on a small quantity), and by container, as on thermostatic oven, Heating temperature is set to 45 ℃ and keep this temperature to preparation process to finish.
Chelatropic reaction, in reed vinegar liquid, add complexing agent EDTA by formula rate, take magnesium sulfate by formula rate again and ferrous sulfate is added in reed vinegar liquid, use the vitriol oil (volumetric molar concentration is 18.4mol/L) to regulate simultaneously and make its pH value keep being less than, equaling 4.9, make it to occur chelatropic reaction, reaction times is controlled at 30min, and in reaction, continuous stirred solution is to solution clear.
Add macroelement, solution temperature remains unchanged, by formula take urea, potassium primary phosphate is added in solution, and stir and make it dissolve that (reaction times continues 10min completely, this step is simple dissolution process), stop until completely dissolved heating, obtain Liquid Fertilizer.
Static preservation after solution naturally cooling, the liquid fertilizer preparing is seated under lucifuge, normal temperature environment.
When this nutritive medium uses, dilute with water 400-800 times (working concentration is 0.125%-0.25%) carries out foliage-spray or pouring.
Embodiment 2:
Composition of raw materials is reed vinegar liquid 1L, urea 60g, potassium primary phosphate 80g, magnesium sulfate 30g, ferric sulfate 15g and EDTA6g, and rest part is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
If obtaining liq fertilizer is mainly as foliage-spray use, also need to add surfactant Tween80 by formula.
Surfactant Tween80 (tween-80) will be added in the liquid fertilizer obtaining in embodiment 1, addition is 2ml/1, stir gently it is fully dissolved can (surfactant also can be selected other types, addition adds as requested), obtain another kind of liquid fertilizer.
The Liquid Fertilizer that is added with tensio-active agent obtaining, cooling static preservation, the Liquid Fertilizer preparing is seated under lucifuge, normal temperature environment.
Through evidence, result of use of the present invention is as follows:
1, the gained impact of liquid fertilizer on tomato and celery seedling raising process of growing seedlings in the embodiment of the present invention 1:
In tomato and celery seedling raising process, in the time there is 2-3 sheet true leaf, at interval of 10 days, this liquid fertilizer water (water quality is without particular requirement) preparing is diluted to 800 times of original volume and sprays on tomato and celery seedling.Seedling with spray separately same concentration reed vinegar liquid, urea and potassium primary phosphate comparison, its plant height, leading thread, underground and aboveground biomass are significantly increased, if using strong sprout index go out the index in garden as weighing seedling, identical go out under the index in strong sprout of garden, the seedling that this liquid fertilizer was processed has shifted to an earlier date respectively 4,6 and 6 days with concentration reed vinegar liquid, urea and potassium primary phosphate.
2, the gained impact of Liquid Fertilizer on gland tooth rose, northwest sand cherry (Prunus pumila) and waxberry forest seeding and seedling raising of growing seedlings in the embodiment of the present invention 1:
Above-described embodiment 1 is filled a prescription Liquid Fertilizer on the forest seeding and seedling raising of gland tooth rose, northwest sand cherry (Prunus pumila) and waxberry, since 41 heart stages of leaf, used 800 times of this liquid fertilizer pourings of dilution processed 5-7 time every 5-7 days, find that growth of seedling effect is remarkable, especially surviving rate increases substantially, and sprays separately same concentration reed vinegar liquid, urea and potassium primary phosphate comparison, and surviving rate is all lower than 60%, use this formula Liquid Fertilizer surviving rate to be increased to more than 85%, and growing-seedling period reduce 5-7 days; On the forest epicormic branch cutting of gland tooth rose and waxberry, mix immersion cutting with the root-growing agent of the dilution liquid of 400 times and 500ppm-800ppm (root-growing agent concentration examination cutting degree of lignification and determine), find its rooting rate than using separately root-growing agent to improve 30% left and right, and surviving rate and the agglomerating rate of root system are significantly higher than independent use root-growing agent, improve transplanting survival rate, and growing-seedling period reduces 5-7 days.
3, the present invention's liquid fertilizer insect protected protection effect of growing seedlings:
Above-mentioned formula Liquid Fertilizer is in the middle discovery of nursing young plants in hothouses, this Liquid Fertilizer that dilutes 400 times has certain minimizing effect to the sickness rate of the rotten mildew of the vegetable seedlings such as tomato, with do not use this Liquid Fertilizer and compare, sickness rate can reduce by 20～30%, and greenhouse identical with management condition but that seedling is not sprayed to this Liquid Fertilizer compares, the quantity of aleyrodid and red spider also declines to some extent.
Claims (2)
1. the grow seedlings preparation method of liquid fertilizer, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of reed vinegar liquid:
Adopt pyrolytic process, the reed raw material of water content 15% ± 5% is placed in to the reactor of 500 ± 50 ℃, under isolated air conditions, heat 4-7 hour, by pyrolysis to gas utilize circulating water condensing to obtain the thick vinegar liquid of reed, the thick vinegar liquid of reed, except leaving standstill 4-6 month after tar removing, obtains reed vinegar liquid stand-by;
(2) liquid fertilizer is composite:
Measure the pH value of reed vinegar liquid, if pH>5 regulates and makes to re-use behind its pH≤5 with sulfuric acid, otherwise can directly use, then measure reed vinegar liquid and pack vessel in heating into, Heating temperature 40-50 ℃ and maintenance; In reed vinegar liquid, add complexing agent EDTA, take respectively again magnesium salts and molysite and be added in reed vinegar liquid, regulate and make its pH keep pH≤5 with sulfuric acid simultaneously, make it to occur chelatropic reaction, reaction times 30min-50min, in reaction, continuous stirred solution is to solution clear; Then add urea and potassium primary phosphate, and stirring is dissolved it completely;
Above-mentioned raw materials reed vinegar liquid, urea, potassium primary phosphate, magnesium salts, molysite and EDTA, its usage ratio is 0.5-1.5L:50-100g:50-100g:20-50g:10-30g:1-10g.
2. the preparation method of the liquid fertilizer of growing seedlings as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: an in the end step, add tween-80, and the usage ratio of tween-80 and reed vinegar liquid is 1.5-2.5ml:0.5-1.5L in solution.
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Non-Patent Citations (6)
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| 时新宁等.生物质醋液生产原料筛选及其转化技术研究.《中国农学通报》.2011,第27卷(第23期),第98页第2栏第1-4行，第100页第1栏倒数第1行至第2栏第1-3行. |
| 生物质醋液在2种林木播种育苗上的应用;田英等;《中国农学通报》;20111231;第27卷(第28期);第95页第1栏第18-20行 * |
| 生物质醋液生产原料筛选及其转化技术研究;时新宁等;《中国农学通报》;20111231;第27卷(第23期);第98页第2栏第1-4行，第100页第1栏倒数第1行至第2栏第1-3行 * |
| 田英等.生物质醋液在2种林木播种育苗上的应用.《中国农学通报》.2011,第27卷(第28期),第95页第1栏第18-20行. |
| 田英等.芦苇醋液在林木扦插育苗上的应用.《宁夏农林科技》.2010,(第6期),8-9. |
| 芦苇醋液在林木扦插育苗上的应用;田英等;《宁夏农林科技》;20101231(第6期);8-9 * |
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Address after: Victory Street Xingqing District of Yinchuan City No. 1059 the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004 Patentee after: Ningxia Forestry Research Institute Limited by Share Ltd Address before: Victory Street Xingqing District of Yinchuan City No. 1059 the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004 Patentee before: Ningxia Forestry Institute Co., Ltd. |