CN102762403B - Vehicle - Google Patents
Vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102762403B CN102762403B CN201180009582.4A CN201180009582A CN102762403B CN 102762403 B CN102762403 B CN 102762403B CN 201180009582 A CN201180009582 A CN 201180009582A CN 102762403 B CN102762403 B CN 102762403B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- gas tank
- vehicle
- filling
- valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 258
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 75
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 75
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 71
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052774 Proactinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K15/077—Fuel tanks with means modifying or controlling distribution or motion of fuel, e.g. to prevent noise, surge, splash or fuel starvation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K2015/03118—Multiple tanks, i.e. two or more separate tanks
- B60K2015/03131—Systems for filling dual tanks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0184—Fuel cells
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/6416—With heating or cooling of the system
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
- Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of vehicle (3) is provided, it is equipped with gas tank (30a, 30b), it has common aisle (34c) and branches to gas tank (30a from the common aisle (34c) as filling path (34), branched bottom (34a 30b), 34b), gas is fed to gas tank (30a, 30b) by filling path (34) from outside gas station (2).Gas tank (30a) is better than the thermal diffusivity of gas tank (30b).Be only the branched bottom (34a) corresponding with gas tank (30a) provide can supply on restriction to the shut off valve (40) of the gas flow of gas tank (30a) or flow control valve (46).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vehicle being equipped with multiple gas tank, the plurality of gas tank has different thermal diffusivity.
Background technology
The example of above-mentioned vehicle is called as fuel-cell vehicle, wherein from hydrogen station, hydrogen is filled into (see Japan patent applicant announce No.2005-155869(JP-A-2005-155869) vehicle).At Japan patent applicant announce No.2005-155869(JP-A-2005-155869) in, because the internal temperature ascending amount in the hydrogen tank when filling hydrogen changes among different hydro tank, so first only the hydrogen of specified quantitative is filled in the high hydrogen tank of thermal diffusivity with during hydrogen filling tank.After this, temporary suspension filling has the tank compared with high-cooling property, and starts filling and have hydrogen tank compared with low heat emission.After filling has and terminates compared with the tank of low heat emission, restart filling and there is tank compared with high-cooling property to be full of the tank had compared with high-cooling property completely.This series of filling controls to be performed by switching valve, and this switch valve is provided in the branch point place of filling passage.
According to Japan patent applicant announce No.2005-155869(JP-A-2005-155869) described in placement method, the whole of the different multiple hydrogen tanks of thermal diffusivity can be full of completely.But, in this placement method, need the stowing operation of repetition relative short time, and therefore can not perform high efficiency stowing operation.
When omitting switch valve, hydrogen tank is filled with hydrogen simultaneously.But, the SoC(filling state of hydrogen tank, the i.e. percentum of filling) reach the complete full state of 100%(quickly), described hydrogen tank has comparatively high-cooling property.Therefore, if perform the filling control of hydrogen tank according to the SoC of the hydrogen tank with high-cooling property, then the hydrogen tank with low heat emission will not reach complete full state.On the other hand, if perform the filling control of hydrogen tank according to the SoC of the hydrogen tank with low heat emission, then there is the risk of overfill in the hydrogen tank with high-cooling property.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of vehicle, the overfill of multiple gas tanks that described vehicle suppresses thermal diffusivity different or charging quantity deficiency, and also increase total state (percentum of filling) of the filling of the gas tank of vehicle.
A first aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of vehicle.This vehicle has: first gas tank with the first thermal diffusivity; Have the second gas tank of the second thermal diffusivity, this second thermal diffusivity is lower than the first thermal diffusivity; As the common aisle of gas feed path, this gas is supplied to the first and second gas tanks from outside gas station; And the first branched bottom and second branched bottom of the first and second gas tanks is branched off into respectively from common aisle.First branched bottom provides limitation of delivery mechanism, its can supply on restriction to the gas flow of the first gas tank.
According to above-mentioned aspect, when gas is fed to vehicle from gas station, gas flows through common aisle and is divided into the first and second branched bottoms, and is fed to the first and second gas tanks.The gas flow being fed to the first gas tank can be limited by limitation of delivery mechanism.This suppresses the overfill of the first gas tank (it may reach rapidly predetermined SoC).In addition, according to above-mentioned aspect, when being fed to the gas flow of the first gas tank by limited time, if gas is fed to the second gas tank, then the charging quantity of the second gas tank can be suppressed not enough, thus total state of the filling in vehicle can be improved.In addition, for limitation of delivery mechanism, without the need to providing a limitation of delivery mechanism on the second branched bottom, therefore, it is possible to reduce component count and cost.
In in above-mentioned, limitation of delivery mechanism can by constructing forming the cutoff port provided in the pipeline of the first branched bottom, but also can by shut off valve or flow regulating valve constitution.
When limitation of delivery mechanism is constructed by shut off valve, such as, suspend when the SoC of first gas tank with high-cooling property reaches predetermined value (such as 100%) and supply a gas to the first gas tank.Therefore the overfill of the first gas tank can be avoided.In addition, if continue to supply a gas to the second gas tank after this, then the charging quantity of the second gas tank can be suppressed not enough.
In in above-mentioned, vehicle can also comprise vehicle side controller, and it controls switching on and off of shut off valve.When gas is supplied to vehicle from gas station, vehicle side controller can allow gas to be fed to the first and second gas tanks when shut off valve is connected, and subsequently, complete after the gas of the first gas tank supply scheduled volume, vehicle side controller can disconnect shut off valve and only be supplied to the second gas tank in the first and second gas tanks to make gas.According to this structure, the charging quantity of the overfill of the first gas tank and the second gas tank can be suppressed not enough by the simple control to shut off valve.
In in above-mentioned, vehicle can also comprise vehicle side controller, and it controls switching on and off of shut off valve.If user specifies the charging quantity when gas is fed to vehicle from gas station or the budget for filling, then vehicle side controller can calculate and charging quantity or the filling state for corresponding the first and second gas tanks of the budget of filling, and vehicle side controller can allow gas to be fed to the first and second gas tanks, make the filling performing the first and second gas tanks according to the filling state calculated.
In in above-mentioned, vehicle can also comprise the first detector, the quantity of state that its detection is relevant with the inside of the first gas tank.Vehicle side controller can use by the index of the information of the first detector detection as the supply for judging whether the gas completing scheduled volume.According to this structure, the application of the actual detection information of the quantity of state relevant with the inside of the first gas tank makes it possible to suitably judge whether the SoC of the first gas tank reaches predetermined value.
In above-mentioned structure, vehicle side controller can make the judgement of the supply of the gas whether completing scheduled volume.
In above-mentioned structure, vehicle can also comprise projector, and the information detected by the first detector is sent to the receptor arranged at gas station by it by communication.According to this structure, the quantity of state relevant with the inside of the first gas tank can be obtained in side, gas station.This side, station that makes to bring about the desired sensation can judge whether gas supplies to the first gas tank.
In above-mentioned structure, vehicle can also comprise the second detector, the quantity of state that its detection is relevant with the inside of the second gas tank.The information detected by the second detector can also be sent to the receptor provided in side, gas station by projector by signal communication.According to this structure, suitably can judge whether the SoC of the second gas tank reaches predetermined value, and also make side, gas station can obtain the quantity of state relevant with the inside of the second gas tank.
In above-mentioned structure, the moment that can control shut off valve operation by timer device and stop.According to this structure, when providing gas from gas station, the driving of shut off valve suitably can be controlled.
When limitation of delivery mechanism is by flow regulating valve constitution, control can be performed as follows: such as reduce the gas flow being fed to the first gas tank when starting to provide gas.Therefore, during gas supply, the SoC of the first and second gas tanks can be made substantially identical each other, the overfill and the charging quantity that make it possible to suppression two gas tanks are not enough.
In above-mentioned structure, vehicle can also comprise vehicle side controller, the aperture of its control flow check adjustable valve.Vehicle side controller can the aperture of control flow check adjustable valve, makes substantially identical each other from the filling state of the first and second gas tanks during the supply gas of gas station.According to this structure, can be not enough by the overfill and charging quantity carrying out electric control to limit two gas tanks to flow control valve.
In above-mentioned structure, the operation of timer device control flow check adjustable valve and the moment of stopping can being passed through.
In above-mentioned structure, flow control valve can be mechanical valve, and the aperture of this mechanical valve is controlled such that substantially identical each other from the filling state of the first and second gas tanks during the supply gas of gas station.According to this structure, without the need to carrying out electric control to flow control valve, and therefore can suppress the power consumption of vehicle during gas is supplied from gas station.
In above-mentioned structure, vehicle can also comprise: fuel cell, and it utilizes the gas be filled in gas tank to produce electricity; And storage battery, the electric power produced in its fuel-in-storage battery.When gas tank is inflated, operations flows adjustable valve can be carried out by utilizing the electric power be stored in storage battery.
Accompanying drawing explanation
With reference to accompanying drawing, will be described hereinafter feature of the present invention, advantage and technology and industrial significance, wherein identical Reference numeral represents identical element, and wherein:
Fig. 1 is the organigram that vehicle according to a first embodiment of the present invention and gas station are shown;
Fig. 2 illustrates diagram of circuit vehicle being performed to stowing operation according to the first embodiment;
Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 C be illustrate for the gas tank that thermal diffusivity is higher carry out filling control time, the schematic diagram of the gas tank pressure of comparative example, gas tank temperature and the SoC of gas tank and the relation of loading time;
Fig. 4 A to Fig. 4 C be illustrate for the gas tank that thermal diffusivity is lower carry out filling control time, the schematic diagram of the gas tank pressure of comparative example, gas tank temperature and the SoC of gas tank and the relation of loading time;
Fig. 5 A to Fig. 5 C be illustrate according to the first embodiment perform filling control time, the schematic diagram of gas tank pressure, gas tank temperature and the SoC of gas tank and the relation of loading time;
Fig. 6 is the organigram that vehicle according to a second embodiment of the present invention and gas station are shown;
Fig. 7 A to Fig. 7 C be illustrate according to the second embodiment perform filling control time, the schematic diagram of gas tank pressure, gas tank temperature and the SoC of gas tank and the relation of loading time; And
Fig. 8 is the organigram of fuel cell operation vehicle according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and it can be applicable to the first and second embodiments and the electric system as central member is shown.
Detailed description of the invention
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention is described.Following explanation will be carried out in conjunction with fuel cell operation vehicle, fuel cell system be installed in vehicle.Fuel cell system comprises the fuel cell being produced electricity by the electrochemical reaction between fuel gas (such as, hydrogen) and oxidizing gas (such as, air) etc.In addition, the filling of hydrogen adopts a kind of mode of gas tank hydrogen being fed to vehicle from gas station.
[the first embodiment] as shown in fig. 1, gas filling system such as comprises hydrogen station 2 as gas station and the vehicle 3 that utilizes hydrogen to travel.
Hydrogen station 2 comprises the distributing box 21 sending hydrogen.Filling flexible pipe 22 is connected to distributing box 21.Filling nozzle 23, also referred to as filling coupling, is attached to the end of filling flexible pipe 22.Filling nozzle 23 is connected to vehicle 3 when filling hydrogen.Various information is sent to vehicle 3 and is provided in the terminal part of filling nozzle 23 from the communicator 25 that vehicle 3 receives various information.The information received by communicator 25 is sent to controller 26.Controller 26 is configured to the microcomputer comprising CPU, ROM and RAM.Controller 26 is based on the information relevant with vehicle 3 side received by controller 26 from communicator 25, the filling flow velocity and the charging quantity that are controlled the hydrogen entering into vehicle 3 by the various utensils etc. controlling to provide in hydrogen station 2.In addition, utilize communicator 25, controller 26 will be sent to vehicle 3 side in the available information in place of hydrogen station 2.
Vehicle 3 comprises two gas tank 30a and 30b, container 32, feed path 34, communicator 36 and controller 38.Hydrogen in gas tank 30a and 30b is fed to fuel cell by supply line (not shown).Gas tank 30a and 30b is in parallel with container 32 by feed path 34.Via container 32 and feed path 34, hydrogen is fed to gas tank 30a and 30b from hydrogen station 2.
Container 32 is connected to the part of filling nozzle 23 when being filling hydrogen, and it is such as provided in having in top box of vehicle 3.Communicator 36 is provided near container 32.When container 32 is connected with filling nozzle 23, allow the communication between communicator 25 and communicator 36.There is provided communicator 36 to communicate with hydrogen station 2 for vehicle, and it have communication interface, such as the radio communication of such as infrared communication.Incidentally, container 32 has built-in boiler check valve, and it prevents external hydrogen adverse current etc.
Feed path 34 is configured for making hydrogen flow to the flow channel of gas tank 30a and 30b from container 32, and is punishing into two along the intermediate point in path.The common aisle 34c that feed path 34 has the branched bottom 34a for gas tank 30a, the branched bottom 34b for gas tank 30b and provides in the upstream of branched bottom 34a and 34b.Flow to the flow channel of gas tank 30a at hydrogen from container 32, common aisle 34c is a part for feed path 34 and is shared by gas tank 30a and 30b.Branched bottom 34a and 34b is from the downstream end 34d(of common aisle 34c i.e. two branch points) extend to the flow channel of corresponding gas tank 30a and 30b.Above-mentioned branched bottom 34a and 34b can by the gas line being provided in gas tank 30a and 30b outside and the flow channel cage structure be provided in the valve module (not shown) of the peristome being attached to gas tank 30a and 30b respectively, to be communicated with gas line.
In feed path 34, only have branched bottom 34a to provide shut off valve 40, it switches on and off and is controlled by controller 38.Although in the present embodiment, shut off valve 40 is such as driven by electromagnetic force, and this is not restrictive.Shut off valve 40 can be various other types.
Gas tank 30a and 30b is the hydrogen supply source for fuel cell, and gas tank 30a and 30b is such as high pressure gas holder, and it can preserve the hydrogen of such as 35MPa or 70MPa.Such gas tank 30a and 30b all has shoulder at two ends, bucket portion.At least one in two shoulders has the peristome being attached valve module.Gas tank 30a and 30b has stepped construction, and inside it, place has backing layer and outside has the consolidating layer of such as FRP layer etc.
Here it should be noted, the thermal diffusivity of gas tank is usually according to the specifications vary of gas tank, and this specification is such as form the material of gas tank, the dispensing [s4] (length, diameter, volume, face area etc.) etc. of gas tank.Such as, when aluminium is used as the backing layer of gas tank, its thermal diffusivity is better than the situation of resin (polyethylene etc.) as backing layer.In addition, the thermal diffusivity of gas tank also changes according to the characteristic of the resin in backing layer and compound ratio.In addition, the thermal diffusivity of gas tank also changes according to ratio of the ratio of length and diameter, volume and face area etc.When the thermal diffusivity of gas tank is high, the temperature rate-of-rise (temperature rise) caused at filling gas tank and rate of pressure rise (pressure increase amount) are lower than the not high situation of the thermal diffusivity of gas tank.
The thermal diffusivity of gas tank 30a and 30b in the present embodiment is different from each other.Specifically, the thermal diffusivity of gas tank 30a is higher.Such as, the backing layer of gas tank 30a is formed by aluminium, and the backing layer of gas tank 30b is formed by resin.In the present embodiment, the diameter of gas tank 30b is greater than gas tank 30a, and provides the thick-layer of FRP, and for ensureing the intensity needed for major diameter gas tank, and therefore it is lower than the thermal diffusivity of gas tank 30a.
It is inner that temperature sensor 42a and 42b is separately positioned on gas tank 30a and 30b, and detection reflects the temperature of the hydrogen temperature (hereinafter referred to as " gas tank temperature Ta " and " gas tank temperature Tb ") in gas tank 30a and 30b respectively.Temperature sensor 42a and 42b is such as provided in the flow channel portion of above-mentioned valve module.Pressure sensor 44a and 44b detects the pressure of the Hydrogen Vapor Pressure (hereinafter referred to as " gas tank pressure Pa " and " gas tank pressure P b ") in reflection gas tank 30a and 30b respectively.Pressure sensor 44a and 44b can be separately positioned on the inside of gas tank 30a and 30b, and in the above-mentioned gas pipeline portion that provides, the direct upstream that can also be arranged on gas tank 30a and 30b.
Incidentally, in the present embodiment, at least one in temperature sensor 42a and pressure sensor 44a can corresponding to " the first detector " in the present invention.Similarly, at least one in temperature sensor 42b and pressure sensor 44b can corresponding to " the second detector " in the present invention.
Controller 38 is constructed to the microcomputer comprising CPU, ROM and RAM, and controls vehicle 3.CPU performs required calculating according to control program, and performs various process and control, switching on and off of such as shut off valve 40.ROM stores control program and the control data of CPU process, and RAM is mainly used as the work area of control treatment.Controller 38 is connected to communicator 36, temperature sensor 42a and 42b, pressure sensor 44a and 44b etc., and is sent to hydrogen station 2 by using communicator 36 will derive from the available information in vehicle 3 place.The example being sent to the information of hydrogen station 2 from controller 38 be with gas tank temperature Ta gentle pressure tank Pa about, illustrate the quantity of state relevant with the inside of gas tank 30a detection information and with gas tank temperature Tb gentle pressure tank Pb about, the detection information of the quantity of state that the inside of gas tank 30b is relevant is shown.
Process hydrogen being fills up to vehicle 3 of gas filling system is described below with reference to Fig. 2.Incidentally, this operation is appropriately executed by controller 26 and controller 38.
In step sl, under the state that filling nozzle 23 is connected to container 32, started filling at distributing box 21 by during driving.When filling starts, connect shut off valve 40, make the hydrogen of releasing from filling nozzle 23 be fed to gas tank 30a and 30b.
During filling hydrogen, monitoring has the SoC(step S2 of the gas tank 30a of better thermal diffusivity).SoC as herein described refers to the filling percentum of the hydrogen in gas tank, and it calculates based on gas density.Specifically, by the SoC using gas density function to calculate gas tank, the parameter of this function comprises the temperature and pressure of hydrogen in gas tank (i.e. the gentle pressure tank of gas tank temperature).
Therefore, during the filling of step S2, the suitably gentle pressure tank Pa of gas tank temperature Ta of input (such as every several seconds) gas tank 30a, and input information is temporarily stored in controller 38, such as be stored in RAM, and input information is sent to communicator 25 from communicator 36 subsequently.Thus, the controller 26 of hydrogen station 2 side obtains the gentle pressure tank Pa of gas tank temperature Ta during suitable filling, and calculates the SoC of gas tank 30a.Therefore, the SoC of gas tank 30a is monitored.During filling hydrogen, in filling flow-rate meter, inquire about the gentle pressure tank Pa of gas tank temperature Ta, and perform control to realize predetermined filling flow velocity.
Until the SoC of monitoring gas tank 30a reaches 100%(and complete full state), just whether hydrogen is filled in gas tank 30a and 30b(step S3 by execution, then carry out step S4).Be yes when the SoC of gas tank 30a reaches in 100%(step S3) time, disconnect shut off valve 40(step S5 according to the order that controller 38 sends).Thus, stop hydrogen to be fed to gas tank 30a and continue hydrogen to be fed to gas tank 30b.
Then, SoC monitoring objective becomes gas tank 30b from gas tank 30a, and it judges whether the SoC of gas tank 30b has reached 100%(step S6).This deterministic process is performed when suitably calculating the SoC of gas tank 30b based on the gentle pressure tank Pb of gas tank temperature Tb.Can as the calculating performing SoC when gas tank 30a, that is, controller 38 inputs the gentle pressure tank Pb of gas tank temperature Tb, and by utilizing communication, input information is sent to controller 26 subsequently.
Subsequently, until the SoC of monitoring gas tank 30b reaches 100%, just continue being no in hydrogen filling air inlet tank 30b(step S6, then proceed to step S7).Be yes when the SoC of gas tank 30b reaches in 100%(step S6) time, stop, from hydrogen station 2, hydrogen is fed to vehicle 3, and terminate a series of stowing operation (step S8).
Operation and the effect of above-described embodiment are described by the situation of comparison diagram 3A to 3C and Fig. 4 A to 4C.Fig. 3 A to 3C and Fig. 4 A to 4C relates to situation about hydrogen filling to be entered in the vehicle 3 not being equipped with the shut off valve 40 shown in Fig. 1.Fig. 3 A to 3C relates to the gas tank 30a according to high-cooling property and controls the situation of filling, and Fig. 4 A to 4C relates to the gas tank 30b according to low heat emission and controls the situation of filling.
As shown in Figure 3 B, the gas tank 30a with high-cooling property experiences and rises less than the temperature of the gas tank 30b with low heat emission during filling.Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3 C, from filling through the stage of specified time amount, the gas tank 30a with high-cooling property has higher SoC.Therefore, if control filling according to the gas tank 30a with high-cooling property, then when the SoC of gas tank 30a reaches 100%, and the SoC of gas tank 30b does not reach 100%, but is in the state (see Fig. 3 C) of charging quantity deficiency.On the other hand, if control filling according to the gas tank 30b with low heat emission, then when the SoC of gas tank 30b reaches 100%, and the SoC of gas tank 30a is more than 100%, and becomes overfill (see Fig. 4 C).Incidentally, the time t shown in Fig. 3 A to 3C
1be less than the time t shown in Fig. 4 A to 4C
2.
On the other hand, according to this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 5 A to 5C, perform the filling of hydrogen.Specifically, first filling is controlled according to the gas tank 30a with high-cooling property.The time t of 100% is reached at the SoC as gas tank 30a
1place, suspends filling gas tank 30a(see the step S1 to S5 shown in Fig. 2).After this, filling is controlled according to the gas tank 30b with low heat emission.The time t of 100% is reached at the SoC as gas tank 30b
2place, stops filling gas tank 30b(see the step S6 to S8 shown in Fig. 2).Therefore, according to this embodiment, gas tank 30a and 30b can be completely filled in, and can avoid overfill and the charging quantity deficiency of gas tank.
Particularly, in this embodiment, providing of shut off valve 40 makes it possible to continue filling gas tank 30b when gas tank 30a is full of completely.Therefore, in whole vehicle 3, filling percentum and the charging quantity of hydrogen can be increased.In addition, because shut off valve 40 is provided in only gas tank 30a side, so enable component count and cost lower than the situation providing shut off valve for each gas tank respectively.In addition, because shut off valve 40 is used as the flowing control mechanism of supply on restriction to the amounts of hydrogen of gas tank 30a, so compared with the situation being constructed (such as by this adjustment with compression flow passages) by the pipeline of branched bottom 34a with limitation of delivery mechanism, make limitation of delivery mechanism simple.
In addition, for judging whether the SoC of gas tank 30a or 30b has reached the index of 100%, namely judge whether the supply of scheduled volume completes (such as, step S3 and S6), the gentle pressure tank Pb of gas tank temperature Tb during filling is used for gas tank 30a, and the gentle pressure tank Pa of gas tank temperature Ta during filling is used for gas tank 30b.Therefore, each in gas tank 30a and 30b of SoC different from each other during filling, can accurate Calculation SoC independently, and required charging quantity is suitably in filling air inlet tank.
Next, by the modified example of explanation first embodiment.Following modified example is suitable for each other.
[the first modified example] SoC of gas tank 30a and 30b of filling, without the need to reaching 100%, and can be the predetermined value lower than 100% according to the process shown in Fig. 2.Such as, when filling, user specifies charging quantity or the budget for filling, calculate with charging quantity or for the corresponding SoC of the budget of filling for each independent in gas tank 30a with 30b, and be executed as to the filling in gas tank 30a with 30b corresponding with the SoC of calculated gas tank 30a and 30b.In addition, according to the process shown in Fig. 2 the SoC of gas tank 30a and 30b of filling without the need to mutually the same.Such as, can whether be greater than 90% by judging in step S3 in fig. 2 the SoC of gas tank 30a and judge whether the SoC of gas tank 30b is greater than the SoC that 80% calculates gas tank 30a and 30b in step s 6 subsequently.
The quantity of [the second modified example] gas tank is not limited to two of above-mentioned structure, and can be three or more.Such as, when three gas tanks with thermal diffusivity different from each other are connected in parallel to container 32, be sufficient that, the branched bottom corresponding with the gas tank of the first and second the highest thermal diffusivities provides shut off valve, and described shut off valve disconnects in the following order: the SoC of gas tank reaches 100% according to the descending order of their thermal diffusivity.In another example, also allow to adopt following structure: wherein two gas tanks have identical thermal diffusivity and other gas tanks one or more have another or other thermal diffusivity.Also in the illustrated case, be sufficient that the one or more branched bottoms corresponding with the gas tank of one or more high-cooling property provide one or more shut off valve, and perform and above-mentioned substantially identical control.
[the 3rd modified example] monitor procedure (calculating of SoC) shown in Fig. 2 can also be performed by the controller 26 at the controller 38 at vehicle 3 side place instead of side place of hydrogen station 2.Such as, the monitoring in the step S2 shown in Fig. 2 can, by suitably calculating the SoC of gas tank 30a based on the gentle pressure tank Pa of gas tank temperature Ta temporarily stored, come to perform in controller 38.In addition, judge whether SoC has reached the step S3 shown in 100%(Fig. 2 and S5 according to gas tank 30a and 30b) can also be performed by controller 38.
[the second embodiment] illustrates the vehicle 3 according to the second embodiment below with reference to Fig. 6.The difference of the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that use traffic control cock 46 is to replace shut off valve 40 as the flowing control mechanism of supply on restriction to the amounts of hydrogen of gas tank 30a.In other respects, the structure of the second embodiment is identical with the first embodiment, therefore represents the parts identical with the first embodiment by same reference numerals, and will repeat no more.
By the aperture of controller 38 control flow check adjustable valve 46, to reduce to the hydrogen flowing quantity of gas tank 30a.In the present embodiment, such as, carry out operations flows adjustable valve 46 by electromagnetic force, but be not limited to this.That is, the flow control valve of various other types can also be used.By carrying out the aperture of control flow check adjustable valve 46 relative to the position of valve seat via Step-motor Control valve body.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 7c, by the aperture of controller 38 control flow check adjustable valve 46, make during hydrogen is fed to vehicle 3 from hydrogen station 2, make the SoC of gas tank 30a with 30b substantially identical each other.Specifically, time from filling, the aperture of control flow check adjustable valve 46, with by hydrogen filling air inlet tank 30a and 30b, makes the SoC of two gas tanks substantially identical each other.Performing in filling in this way, making the pressure increase in gas tank 30a be less than pressure increase in gas tank 30b, as shown in Figure 7A, and making the pressure increase in gas tank 30a also be less than pressure increase in the gas tank 30a shown in Fig. 5.
Therefore, according to this embodiment, the SoC of gas tank 30a with 30b from filling until sand off can be retained as substantially identical each other.Subsequently, if terminate filling when the SoC of two gas tanks reaches anticipated value (such as 100%), then make the SoC of gas tank 30a with 30b can be substantially the same each other, overfill and charging quantity deficiency can be limited.In addition, because only provide flow control valve 46 on gas tank 30a side, component count and cost can be reduced.
Incidentally, in a second embodiment, the SoC of gas tank 30a and 30b can also monitor, to be remained by their SoC substantially identical each other based on the gas tank temperature Ta of two gas tanks and Tb and gas tank pressure Pa and Pb.In this case, be sufficient that, the SoC of two gas tanks is monitored by one of controller 26 and 38.
For other forms of the second embodiment, the second modified example of the first embodiment can be applied to the second embodiment.Such as, when the gas tank that thermal diffusivity is different from each other is in parallel with container 32, flow control valve is provided on the corresponding branched bottom of the gas tank of the thermal diffusivity the highest with first and second, and the aperture of control flow check adjustable valve, make the SoC of all gas tanks identical.
In addition, according to another form of this embodiment, flow control valve 46 can also be mechanical type, instead of automatically controlled type.Such as, the secondary pressure on the downstream of flow control valve 46 is incorporated in the pressure chamber of flow control valve 46, and the secondary pressure moveable partition board of this introducing, the valve body being connected to dividing plate is moved relative to valve seat.Therefore, can the aperture of control flow check adjustable valve 46, make during filling, when its SoC changes (or increase), make the SoC of gas tank 30a with 30b substantially the same each other.According to above-mentioned mechanical type flow control valve 46, without the need to the electric power for driving flow control valve 46, make it possible to the power consumption of the vehicle 3 limited during filling.
[the 3rd embodiment] illustrates the electric system of the fuel cell operation vehicle according to the 3rd embodiment being applicable to the first and second embodiments below with reference to Fig. 8.
As shown in Figure 8, gas tank 30a and 30b provides supply line 52, and hydrogen is fed to fuel cell 50 by it, and this system is different from feed path 34.High voltage DC/DC the conv 54 controlling the output voltage of fuel cell 50 is connected to fuel cell 50.Various high potential annexes 56 for the operation of fuel cell 50 are connected electrically between fuel cell 50 and high voltage DC/DC conv 54.High potential annex 56 is the annexes for high potential (such as, the voltage more than 12V), such as forced feed oxidizing gas to fuel cell 50 air compressor, with circulation pattern, hydrogen waste gas is fed to the hydrogen pump of fuel cell 50.Electrical storage device 58 is can the secondary battery of discharge and recharge, and it is used as high potential electrical storage device.Electrical storage device 58 is such as connected to the traction motor of vehicle 3 via the high voltage DC in parallel with fuel cell 50/DC conv 54.
Low voltage DC/DC conv 60 is connected electrically in high voltage DC/between DC conv 54 and electrical storage device 58.Low voltage DC/DC conv 60 reduces the voltage of the galvanic part at high voltage circuit side place, and the direct current power of reduction is fed to low voltage circuit side.The direct current power that voltage reduces partly for charging for low-voltage storage battery 62, and is partly used as the electric power driving low voltage annex 64.Low-voltage storage battery 62 is used as the electrical storage device of low voltage (such as 12V), and it is the secondary battery of such as nickel metal hydride battery or lithium ion battery.Low voltage annex 64 is the various utensil that drives at lower voltages and different from high potential annex 56.The device being considered to low voltage annex 64 is such as temperature sensor 42a and 42b shown in above-mentioned Fig. 1, pressure sensor 44a and 44b, communicator 36 etc., and the power type flow control valve 46 etc. shown in shut off valve 40, Fig. 5.The driven by power that low voltage annex 64 and controller 38 are also provided by the low-voltage storage battery 62 as power supply.Such as, when vehicle 3 is in flameout state (hereinafter referred to as " IGOFF "), fuel cell 50 does not produce electric power, and is therefore provided for the electric power of low voltage annex 64 and controller 38 from low-voltage storage battery 62.Controller 38 is electrically connected to high voltage DC/DC conv 54, low voltage DC/DC conv 60 etc.Controller 38 provides time meter 70, and it is for measuring various time quantum.Time meter 70 also can provide independent of controller 38.
When hydrogen filling being entered vehicle 3 according to the first and second embodiments, vehicle 3 is in flameout state IGOFF.Therefore, during hydrogen filling, it comprises shut off valve 40 or flow control valve 46 for low voltage annex 64(for low-voltage storage battery 62) and controller 38 supply electric power, make the control of execution shut off valve 40 or flow control valve 46.Therefore, such as shut off valve 40 can keep connecting in step S1 shown in fig. 2, and shut off valve 40 can disconnect in step s 5.Subsequently, after terminating hydrogen filling, terminate to supply electric power etc. from low-voltage storage battery 62 to low voltage annex 64.
In the present embodiment, even if also shut off valve 40, flow control valve 46 etc. can be operated by electricity during vehicle 3 is entered in hydrogen filling, and above-mentioned filling control can suitably be performed.Incidentally, when can also be controlled drive shut off valve 40 and flow control valve 46 and stop driving them during filling by time meter 70.Such as, can by time meter 70 control supply power to shut off valve 40 and flow control valve 46 beginning (namely driving these valves) and supply end (namely, stop driving these valves), make after operation filling nozzle 23 being connected to container 32 or vehicle 3 have the fuel cap of top box open after supply power to shut off valve 40 and flow control valve 46 continues the scheduled time (such as, 30 minutes).
The vehicle with gas tank of embodiment and modified example thereof is not only applicable to and is supplied with hydrogen, and is applicable to other fuel gas, such as natural fuels etc.In addition, the present invention is not only applicable to wheeled car, and is applicable to be equipped with other mobile units by from the tanks for the purpose of extraneous filling gas, such as aircraft, boats and ships and ship, robot etc.
Although describe the present invention with reference to embodiments of the invention, should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to described embodiment or structure.On the contrary, the present invention is intended to contain various modification and equivalence setting.In addition, although disclosed of the present invention various element be shown in each example combination and structure in, comprise more, less or only comprise discrete-component other combination and structure also fall in the scope of claims.
Claims (14)
1. a vehicle (3), it comprises:
First gas tank (30a), described first gas tank has the first thermal diffusivity;
Second gas tank (30b), described second gas tank has the second thermal diffusivity lower than described first thermal diffusivity;
Common aisle (34c), described common aisle is as feed path gas being fed to described first and second gas tanks (30a, 30b) from outside gas station (2); And
First branched bottom (34a) and the second branched bottom (34b), described first branched bottom and the second branched bottom branch to described first and second gas tank (30a from described common aisle (34c) respectively, 30b)
Wherein, described vehicle characteristics is:
Described first branched bottom (34a) is provided with limitation of delivery mechanism (40,46), this limitation of delivery mechanism can supply on restriction to the gas flow of described first gas tank (30a), described second branched bottom is not provided with any limitation of delivery mechanism simultaneously.
2. vehicle according to claim 1 (3), wherein,
Described limitation of delivery mechanism (40,46) is shut off valve (40).
3. vehicle according to claim 2 (3), also comprises:
Vehicle side controller (38), described vehicle side controller controls switching on and off of described shut off valve (40),
Wherein, when supplying gas to described vehicle (3) from described gas station (2), described vehicle side controller (38) allows gas to be supplied to described first and second gas tank (30a while described shut off valve (40) is connected, 30b), subsequently after completing and supplying the gas of scheduled volume to described first gas tank (30a), described vehicle side controller (38) disconnects described shut off valve (40) and is only supplied to described second gas tank (30b) in described first and second gas tanks (30a, 30b) to make gas.
4. vehicle according to claim 2 (3), also comprises:
Vehicle side controller (38), described vehicle side controller controls switching on and off of described shut off valve (40),
Wherein, if user specifies the charging quantity when gas is fed to described vehicle (3) from described gas station (2) or the budget for filling, then described vehicle side controller (38) calculate and this charging quantity maybe this is used for the corresponding described first and second gas tank (30a of the budget of filling, filling state SoC 30b), and
Wherein, described vehicle side controller (38) allows to supply gas to described first and second gas tank (30a, 30b), to make the filling performing described first and second gas tanks (30a, 30b) according to calculated filling state.
5. vehicle according to claim 3 (3), also comprises:
First detector (42a, 44a), the quantity of state that described first detector detection is relevant with the inside of described first gas tank (30a);
Wherein, the information that detected by described first detector (42a, 44a) of described vehicle side controller (38) use is as the index of the supply for judging whether the gas completing described scheduled volume.
6. vehicle according to claim 5 (3), wherein,
Described vehicle side controller (38) carries out the described judgement whether having completed the supply of the gas of described scheduled volume.
7. vehicle according to claim 5 (3), also comprises:
Projector (36), the information detected by described first detector (42a, 44a) is sent to the receptor (25) arranged at described gas station (2) place by described projector by communication.
8. vehicle according to claim 7 (3), also comprises:
Second detector (42b, 44b), the quantity of state that described second detector detection is relevant with the inside of described second gas tank (30b),
Wherein, the information detected by described second detector (42b, 44b) is also sent to described receptor (25) by communication by described projector (36).
9. the vehicle (3) according to any one of claim 2 to 8, wherein,
By the moment that timer device (70) controls described shut off valve (40) operation and stops.
10. vehicle according to claim 1 (3), wherein,
Described limitation of delivery mechanism (40,46) is flow control valve.
11. vehicles according to claim 10 (3), also comprise:
Vehicle side controller (38), described vehicle side controller controls the aperture of described flow control valve (46),
Wherein, described vehicle side controller (38) controls the described aperture of described flow control valve (46), to make substantially identical each other from the filling state SoC in the first and second gas tanks (30a, 30b) described in during described gas station (2) supply gas.
12. vehicles according to claim 11 (3), wherein,
By the moment that timer device (70) controls described flow control valve (46) operation and stops.
13. vehicles according to claim 10 (3), wherein,
Described flow control valve (46) is mechanical valve, the aperture of this mechanical valve is controlled so as to make substantially identical each other from the filling state SoC of described first and second gas tanks (30a, 30b) during described gas station (2) supply gas.
14., according to claim 10 to the vehicle (3) described in 13 any one, also comprise:
Fuel cell (50), described fuel cell utilizes the gas of filling in described gas tank (30a, 30b) to produce electric power; And
Storage battery (62), the electric power produced in fuel cell (50) described in described accumulators store,
Wherein, when gas filling being entered described gas tank (30a, 30b), operate described flow control valve (40,46) by utilizing the electric power stored in described storage battery (62).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010030104A JP5115565B2 (en) | 2010-02-15 | 2010-02-15 | vehicle |
| JP2010-030104 | 2010-02-15 | ||
| PCT/IB2011/000170 WO2011098875A1 (en) | 2010-02-15 | 2011-02-03 | Vehicle |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102762403A CN102762403A (en) | 2012-10-31 |
| CN102762403B true CN102762403B (en) | 2016-04-20 |
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| CN201180009582.4A Expired - Fee Related CN102762403B (en) | 2010-02-15 | 2011-02-03 | Vehicle |
Country Status (6)
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| US (1) | US9604535B2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5115565B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102762403B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2768892C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE112011100541B4 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011098875A1 (en) |
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| JP5901608B2 (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2016-04-13 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Fuel filling system |
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| JP6215090B2 (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2017-10-18 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | Hydrogen gas filling control device, hydrogen gas filling method, and computer program |
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| DE102015206782A1 (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2016-10-20 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for refueling a cryogenic pressure vessel of a motor vehicle |
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-
2011
- 2011-02-03 US US13/577,485 patent/US9604535B2/en active Active
- 2011-02-03 WO PCT/IB2011/000170 patent/WO2011098875A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-02-03 DE DE112011100541.5T patent/DE112011100541B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-02-03 CN CN201180009582.4A patent/CN102762403B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-02-03 CA CA2768892A patent/CA2768892C/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2011098875A1 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
| CA2768892A1 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
| US9604535B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 |
| DE112011100541B4 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
| JP5115565B2 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
| DE112011100541T8 (en) | 2013-05-08 |
| JP2011163534A (en) | 2011-08-25 |
| US20120318378A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
| CN102762403A (en) | 2012-10-31 |
| CA2768892C (en) | 2013-07-23 |
| DE112011100541T5 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
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