CN102757396B - 含苯并五元杂环的环外亚胺化合物、其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
含苯并五元杂环的环外亚胺化合物、其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及与血栓性疾病相关的药物领域。具体而言,本发明涉及一类含苯并五元杂环的环外亚胺结构的PAR-1拮抗剂、其制备方法、及含有它们的药物组合物以及它们在制备治疗血栓性疾病药物中的应用。其中,R1、R2和R3独立选自C1-C5的烷基,X选自O和C(CH3)2。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及与血栓疾病相关的药物领域。具体而言,本发明涉及对血栓性疾病有治疗作用的一类含苯并五元杂环的环外亚胺结构的PAR-1拮抗剂及其制备方法,以及含有它们的药物组合物。
背景技术
蛋白酶激活受体1(Protease Activated Acceptor-1,PAR-1)是最近发现的抗血小板类抗血栓药物的新靶点。蛋白酶激活受体1又叫凝血酶受体,凝血酶被凝血连锁激活后通过PAR-1受体作用于血小板从而激活血小板,引起血小板聚集从而引起血栓和凝血。PAR-1引起的血栓中富含血小板成分,是动脉血栓的主要成因。PAR-1拮抗剂能阻断凝血酶激活血小板,从而阻断动脉血栓形成,可以用于治疗急性冠状动脉疾病(Acute Coronary Syndrome)。已经有几个PAR-1抑制剂处于临床研究(Chackalamannil S.,Thrombin Receptor(Protease Activated Receptor-1)Antagonists as Potent Antithrombotic Agents with Strong Antiplatelet Effects,J.Med.Chem.,2006,49(18),5389-5403)。
传统的用于防治血栓性疾病的药物分为三类。第一类是抗凝血类,分为直接凝血酶抑制剂和间接凝血酶抑制剂,该类药物通过作用于凝血连锁的不同环节来抑制血栓形成,具有抑制各种血栓形成的作用,如维生素K拮抗剂和Xa因子抑制剂等;第二类是抗血小板类,如COX-1抑制剂和ADP受体拮抗剂等,该类药物主要用于防治动脉血栓;第三类是纤维蛋白溶解剂,主要用于溶解血液中形成的纤维蛋白。
抗血小板药物多是传统的动脉血栓防治药物,如氯吡格雷和阿司匹林等。这些药物的缺点是出血风险比较大。而作为新发现的抗血小板类抗血栓药物的PAR-1拮抗剂,则具有较小的出血风险,因此这类化合物可以作为治疗动脉血栓的很有前景的药物。
本发明公开了一类含苯并五元杂环的环外亚胺类PAR-1拮抗剂,可以用于制备抗动脉血栓疾病的药物。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是克服现有技术的缺点和不足,提供一种具有良好抗血栓形成活性的具有通式I的化合物及其药学上可以接受的盐。
本发明的另一个目的是提供制备具有通式I的化合物及其药学上可以接受的盐的方法。
本发明的再一个目的是提供含有通式I的化合物及其药学上可以接受的盐作为有效成分,以及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或稀释剂的药用组合物,及其在治疗动脉血栓方面的应用。
现结合本发明的目的对本发明内容进行具体描述。
本发明具有通式I的化合物具有下述结构式:
其中,
R1、R2和R3独立选自C1-C5的烷基,
X选自O和C(CH3)2。
优选以下具有通式I的化合物,
本发明所述通式I化合物通过以下步骤合成:
化合物II和化合物III反应,得到化合物I。R1和R2的定义如前所述。
应该指出的是,化合物II存在互变异构体,如下图所示,
化合物II根据X的不同,可以按照如下方法制备。
(1)X=O,此时化合物II记为II-1,
化合物IV在碱的存在下与O-(2,4,6-三甲基苯磺酰基)羟胺反应,得到化合物V,化合物V不用分离即可自动环化得到化合物II-1。R1的定义如前所述。
(2)X=C(CH3)2,此时化合物II记为II-2,
化合物VI与CuCN在回流的偶极溶剂(如DMF和DMSO等)中反应,得到化合物VII。VII使用NaN3和三氟乙酸处理得到化合物VIII。VIII使用还原剂,如Raney镍等,在加热下还原,得到化合物II-2。
本发明所述式I化合物的药学上可接受的盐,包括但是不限于与各种无机酸如盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、氢溴酸等形成的盐,也包括与各种有机酸如乙酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、苹果酸以及各种氨基酸等形成的盐。
本发明所述式I化合物,可以与一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或稀释剂共同制成药物组合物。该药物组合物可以制成固体口服制剂、液体口服制剂、注射剂等剂型。所述固体及液体口服制剂包括:片剂、分散片、糖衣剂、颗粒剂、干粉剂、胶囊剂和溶液剂。所述的注射剂包括:小针、大输液、冻干粉针等。
本发明的组合物,所述的药学或食品学上可接受辅料选自:填充剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、助流剂、泡腾剂、矫味剂、防腐剂、包衣材料、或其它赋形剂。
本发明的组合物,所述的药学或食品学上可接受辅料。填充剂为填充剂包括乳糖、蔗糖、糊精、淀粉、预胶化淀粉、甘露醇、山梨醇、磷酸氢钙、硫酸钙、碳酸钙、微晶纤维素的一种或几种的组合物;所述的粘合剂包括蔗糖、淀粉、聚维酮、羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙甲纤维素、羟丙纤维素、甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇、药用乙醇、水的一种或几种的组合物;所述的崩解剂包括淀粉、交联聚微酮、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、低取代羟丙基纤维素、羧甲纤维素钠、泡腾崩解剂的一种或几种的组合物。
本发明所述通式I化合物具有PAR-1的拮抗作用,可作为有效成分用于制备抗动脉血栓方面的治疗药物。本发明所述通式I化合物的活性是通过体外模型验证的。
本发明的通式I化合物在相当宽的剂量范围内是有效的。例如每天服用的剂量约在1mg-1000mg/人范围内,分为一次或数次给药。实际服用本发明通式I化合物的剂量可由医生根据有关的情况来决定。这些情况包括:被治疗者的身体状态、给药途径、年龄、体重、对药物的个体反应,症状的严重程度等。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。需要说明的是,下述实施例仅是用于说明,而并非用于限制本发明。本领域技术人员根据本发明的教导所做出的各种变化均应在本申请权利要求所要求的保护范围之内。
实施例1 1-[3-叔丁基-4-甲氧基-5-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)苯基]-2-(5,6-二乙氧基-2,3-二氢-3-亚氨基苯并[d]异噁唑-2-基)乙酮氢溴酸盐
A.5,6-二乙氧基-2,3-二氢-3-亚氨基苯并[d]异噁唑
一只50mL的圆底烧瓶中加入2.07g(10mmol)4,5-二乙氧基-2-羟基苯腈和20mL无水甲醇,所得混合物在室温下搅拌,而后加入0.56g(10mmol)固体KOH,继续搅拌5分钟后在旋转蒸发仪上蒸干,得到的残余物在真空油泵上室温下下干燥1小时。往所得固体中加入10mL干燥的DMF,室温下搅拌,而后再加入O-(2,4,6-三甲基苯磺酰基)羟胺,所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。TLC显示反应完成。
反应混合物冷却后倾倒到200mL冰水中,所得混合物以50mL×3的二氯甲烷萃取,合并萃取有机相,以饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。抽滤除去干燥剂,得到的滤液在旋转蒸发仪上蒸去溶剂,得到的残余物用柱层析纯化,得到5,6-二乙氧基-2,3-二氢-3-亚氨基苯并[d]异噁唑的纯品,白色固体。ESI-MS,m/z=223([M+H]+)。
B.1-[3-叔丁基-4-甲氧基-5-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)苯基]-2-(5,6-二乙氧基-2,3-二氢-3-亚氨基苯并[d]异噁唑-2-基)乙酮氢溴酸盐
一只50mL的圆底烧瓶中加入1.56g(7mmol)上述制备的5,6-二乙氧基-2,3-二氢-3-亚氨基苯并[d]异噁唑和2.68g(7mmol)3-叔丁基-4-甲氧基-5-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-ω-溴代苯乙酮,以20mL干燥的THF溶解。所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,所得到的黄色浑浊体系抽滤,收集固体,用少量干燥THF洗涤。得到的滤饼在室温下真空干燥,即得到1-[3-叔丁基-4-甲氧基-5-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)苯基]-2-(5,6-二乙氧基-2,3-二氢-3-亚氨基苯并[d]异噁唑-2-基)乙酮氢溴酸盐。类白色固体。ESI-MS,m/z=525([M+H]+)。
实施例2 1-[3-异丙基-4-甲氧基-5-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)苯基]-2-(5,6-二乙氧基-2,3-二氢-3-亚氨基苯并[d]异噁唑-2-基)乙酮氢溴酸盐
一只50mL的圆底烧瓶中加入按照实施例1制备的1.56g(7mmol)上述制备的5,6-二乙氧基-2,3-二氢-3-亚氨基苯并[d]异噁唑和2.59g(7mmol)3-异丙基-4-甲氧基-5-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-ω-溴代苯乙酮,以20mL干燥的THF溶解。所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,所得到的黄色浑浊体系抽滤,收集固体,用少量干燥THF洗涤。得到的滤饼在室温下真空干燥,即得到1-[3-异丙基-4-甲氧基-5-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)苯基]-2-(5,6-二乙氧基-2,3-二氢-3-亚氨基苯并[d]异噁唑-2-基)乙酮氢溴酸盐,类白色固体。ESI-MS,m/z=511([M+H]+)。
实施例3 1-[3-叔丁基-4-甲氧基-5-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)苯基]-2-(5,6-二乙氧基-1,3-二氢-1,1-二甲基-3-亚氨基-2H-异吲哚-2-基)乙酮氢溴酸盐
A.4,5-二乙氧基-2-(1-甲基乙烯基)苯腈
一只100mL的圆底烧瓶中加入2.85g(10mmol)1-溴-2-(1-甲基乙烯基)-4,5-二乙氧基苯、1.79g(20mmol)CuCN和30mL干燥的DMF,所得混合物在氮气气氛中搅拌回流5小时。TLC显示反应完成。
反应混合物慢慢倾倒到200mL冰水中,搅拌,以50mL×3的二氯甲烷萃取,合并萃取有机相,以饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。抽滤除去干燥剂,得到的滤液在旋转蒸发仪上蒸去溶剂,得到的残余物经过柱层析纯化,得到化合物4,5-二乙氧基-2-(1-甲基乙烯基)苯腈。白色固体,熔点83-85℃。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz),δ7.29(s,1H),6.97(s,1H),5.31-5.32(m,1H),5.16(s,1H),4.13(q,2H,J=7.1Hz),4.07(q,2H,J=7.1Hz),2.11(s,3H),1.30-1.35(m,6H)。
B.6,7-二乙氧基-9-氢-9,9-二甲基四氮唑[1,5-a]异喹啉
一只100mL的圆底烧瓶中加入1.85g(8mmol)上述制备的4,5-二乙氧基-2-(1-甲基乙烯基)苯腈、1.95g(30mmol)NaN3和30mL三氟乙酸,所得反应混合物在30℃下搅拌24小时。TLC显示反应完成。
反应混合物慢慢倾倒到200mL冰水中,搅拌,以50mL×3的二氯甲烷萃取,合并萃取有机相,以饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。抽滤除去干燥剂,得到的滤液在旋转蒸发仪上蒸去溶剂,得到的残余物经过柱层析纯化,得到化合物6,7-二乙氧基-9-氢-9,9-二甲基四氮唑[1,5-a]异喹啉。白色固体,熔点125-126℃。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz),δ7.52(s,H),7.50(s,1H),4.12-4.19(m,4H),1.76(s,6H),1.34-1.39(m,6H)。IR(KBr),v3055(w),1624(m),1587(w),1550(w),1495(s),1472(s),1448(s),1393(m)cm-1。
C.5,6-二乙氧基-1,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基-1-亚胺基-2H-异吲哚
一只100mL的圆底烧瓶中加入1.37g(5mmol)6,7-二乙氧基-9-氢-9,9-二甲基四氮唑[1,5-a]异喹啉、10g新制备的Raney镍和30mL异丙醇,所得混合物在氮气气氛中搅拌回流过夜。TLC显示反应完成。
反应混合物冷却后抽滤,滤液在慢慢倾倒到300mL冰水中,搅拌,以50mL×3的二氯甲烷萃取,合并萃取有机相,以饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。抽滤除去干燥剂,得到的滤液在旋转蒸发仪上蒸去溶剂,得到的残余物经过柱层析纯化,得到化合物5,6-二乙氧基-1,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基-1-亚胺基-2H-异吲哚。无色晶体,熔点85-87℃。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz),δ8.79(bs,1H),7.60(s,1H),7.22(s,1H),4.09-4.14(q,2H,J=6.9Hz),4.01-4.06(q,2H,J=6.9Hz),1.39(s,6H),1.33-1.37(m,6H)。HR-MS,calcd for C14H21N2O2([M+H]+)249.1603,found249.1631。
D.1-[3-叔丁基-4-甲氧基-5-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)苯基]-2-(5,6-二乙氧基-1,3-二氢-1,1-二甲基-3-亚氨基-2H-异吲哚-2-基)乙酮氢溴酸盐
一只50mL的圆底烧瓶中加入0.99g(4mmol)上述制备的5,6-二乙氧基-1,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基-1-亚胺基-2H-异吲哚和1.53g(4mmol)3-异丙基-4-甲氧基-5-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-ω-溴代苯乙酮,以20mL干燥的THF溶解。所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,所得到的黄色浑浊体系抽滤,收集固体,用少量干燥THF洗涤。得到的滤饼在室温下真空干燥,即得到1-[3-叔丁基-4-甲氧基-5-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)苯基]-2-(5,6-二乙氧基-1,3-二氢-1,1-二甲基-3-亚氨基-2H-异吲哚-2-基)乙酮氢溴酸盐。白色固体。ESI-MS,m/z=551([M+H]+)。
实施例4 1-[3-异丙基-4-甲氧基-5-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)苯基]-2-(5,6-二乙氧基-1,3-二氢-1,1-二甲基-3-亚氨基-2H-异吲哚-2-基)乙酮氢溴酸盐
一只50mL的圆底烧瓶中加入按照实施例3制备的0.99g(4mmol)上述制备的5,6-二乙氧基-1,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基-1-亚胺基-2H-异吲哚和1.48g(4mmol)3-异丙基-4-甲氧基-5-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-ω-溴代苯乙酮,以20mL干燥的THF溶解。所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,所得到的黄色浑浊体系抽滤,收集固体,用少量干燥THF洗涤。得到的滤饼在室温下真空干燥,即得到1-[3-异丙基-4-甲氧基-5-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)苯基]-2-(5,6-二乙氧基-1,3-二氢-1,1-二甲基-3-亚氨基-2H-异吲哚-2-基)乙酮氢溴酸盐,类白色固体。ESI-MS,m/z=537([M+H]+)。
实施例5
将活性成分、预胶化淀粉和微晶纤维素过筛,充分混合,加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液,混合,制软材,过筛,制湿颗粒,于50-60℃干燥,将羧甲基淀粉钠盐,硬脂酸镁和滑石粉预先过筛,然后加入到上述的颗粒中压片。
实施例6
将活性成分、预胶化淀粉和微晶纤维素过筛,充分混合,加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液,混合,制软材,过筛,制湿颗粒,于50-60℃干燥,将羧甲基淀粉钠盐,硬脂酸镁和滑石粉预先过筛,然后加入到上述的颗粒中压片。
实施例7
将活性成分、预胶化淀粉和微晶纤维素过筛,充分混合,加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液,混合,制软材,过筛,制湿颗粒,于50-60℃干燥,将硬脂酸镁和滑石粉预先过筛,然后加入到上述的颗粒中,装胶囊,即得。
实施例8
将活性成分、预胶化淀粉和微晶纤维素过筛,充分混合,加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液,混合,制软材,过筛,制湿颗粒,于50-60℃干燥,将硬脂酸镁和滑石粉预先过筛,然后加入到上述的颗粒中,装胶囊,即得。
实施例9
在蒸馏水中,先加入蒸馏水和柠檬酸,搅拌溶解和后,再加入样品,微热使溶解,调pH值为4.0-5.0,加0.2克活性碳,室温下搅拌20分钟,过滤,滤液,中控测定溶液浓度,按每安瓶5毫升分装,高温灭菌30分钟,即得注射液。
实施例10
在蒸馏水中,先加入蒸馏水和柠檬酸,搅拌溶解和后,再加入样品,微热使溶解,调pH值为4.0-5.0,加0.2克活性碳,室温下搅拌20分钟,过滤,滤液,中控测定溶液浓度,按每安瓶5毫升分装,高温灭菌30分钟,即得注射液。
实施例11
制备工艺:取注射用水80mL,加主药、甘露醇、乳糖、泊洛沙姆搅拌使溶解后,加1mol/L的枸橼酸调节PH至7.0-9.0,补加水至100mL。加入0.5g活性炭,在30℃下搅拌20分钟,脱炭,采用微孔滤膜过滤除菌,滤液按每支1mL进行分装,预冻2小时后,冷冻下减压干燥12小时,至样品温度到室温后,再干燥5小时,制得白色疏松块状物,封口即得。
实施例12
制备工艺:将主药与辅料分别过100目筛,充分混合,然后称取处方量辅料与主药充分混合。再加入粘合剂制软材,14目筛制粒,55℃干燥,12目筛整粒,测定袋重包装。
实施例13体外血小板聚集抑制试验
在96孔板中,在TRAP(凝血酶受体活化肽)诱导的血小板聚集中进行物质的药理学试验。注射器中预先加入3.13%的柠檬酸钠溶液,然后抽入20mL健康志愿者的血液,在150g下离心20分钟,将富含血小板的血浆(PRP)分离出来并以1μL PGE1溶液(500μg/mL的乙醇溶液)/mL PRP的量进行处理。在室温下孵育5分钟后,将其在120g下离心20分钟以除去白细胞。将不含白细胞的PRP以5mL/份分批转移到15mL的PP管中,并在360g下离心使血小板沉淀。而后,滗出上层血浆,将得自5mL PRP的血小板沉淀重新混悬于1mL Tyrode(120mMNaCl,2.6mM KCl,12mM NaHCO3,0.39mM NaH2PO4,10mM HEPES,0.35%BSA,5.5mM葡萄糖,pH=7.4)中,并用Tyrode调节至3×105/μL的血小板计数。将13mL这种细胞混悬液用866μL的10mM CaCl2溶液处理,以每孔120μL的量将其吸至96孔板中,在96孔板的孔中已经提前加入了15μL待测试物质。在室温下黑暗中孵育30分钟,加入15μL TRAP溶液(70-100μM)作为激动剂,在SpectraMax中37℃下振荡20分钟,在650nm下纪录动力学,计算阴性对照(tyrode/DMSO)和阳性对照(15μL激动剂/DMSO)的曲线下面积,并将差异定为100%。将待测试化合物以系列稀释物的形式吸移,一式两份地进行测定,同样测定各物质浓度的AUC,计算与对照相比的AUC抑制%。通过该抑制%按照4参数方程借助非线性回归分析计算IC50值。下表给出了结果。
从上表可以看出,各个化合物在血小板凝聚试验中均表现出较好的抑制作用。
Claims (6)
1.下列化合物及其药学上可以接受的盐:
2.合成化合物II-1和II-2的方法:
化合物IV在碱的存在下与O-(2,4,6-三甲基苯磺酰基)羟胺反应,得到化合物V,化合物V不用分离即可自动环化得到化合物II-1;R1选自C1-C5的烷基;
化合物VI与CuCN在回流的偶极溶剂中反应,得到化合物VII;VII使用NaN3和三氟乙酸处理得到化合物VIII;VIII使用还原剂Raney镍在加热下还原,得到化合物II-2;R1选自C1-C5的烷基。
3.权利要求1所述的化合物及其药学上可以接受的盐在制备治疗血栓性疾病药物方面的应用。
4.一种药物组合物,含有权利要求1所述的化合物及其药学上可以接受的盐,以及适当的载体或赋形剂。
5.权利要求4所述的药物组合物,其中,所述的组合物为固体口服制剂、液体口服制剂或注射剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述固体及液体口服制剂包括片剂、胶囊、颗粒剂、口服溶液剂,所述注射剂制剂包括注射用水针、注射用冻干粉针、大输液、小输液。
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