CN102747998B - Shale gas method for increasing and shale gas yield-increasing apparatus - Google Patents
Shale gas method for increasing and shale gas yield-increasing apparatus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of shale gas method for increasing and shale gas yield-increasing apparatus.Shale gas method for increasing comprises the following steps: to the rammell conveying heat energy of shale gas well, and make rammell temperature raise by ordering about carried heat energy to realize heat transmission in rammell; Close shale gas well 1-10 days; Open the gas production of shale gas well.Present invention also offers the shale gas yield-increasing apparatus that two kinds realize above-mentioned shale gas method for increasing.The invention solves the problems in the exploitation of existing shale gas, effective raising shale gas desorption rate and seepage velocity, and then improve shale gas output.Shale gas method for increasing provided by the invention is suitable for the shale gas exploitation of straight well, horizontal well or multilateral well.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to shale gas production technique, particularly relate to a kind of shale gas method for increasing and shale gas yield-increasing apparatus.
Background technology
Shale gas composes the natural gas be stored in dark-coloured mud shale layer or high-carbon mud shale layer, it can be created on each stages various of organic origin, a natural gas part is present in crack, rammell, rammell hole and other reservoir space with free phase (about 50%), and another part is present in kerogen, clay particle and clay pore surface with adsorbed state (about 50%).Shale gas is the resource of preciousness, the energy of high-quality and industrial chemicals, and what can be used as conventional gas takes over the energy or the supplementary energy.
Himself desorb of mainly dependence of existing shale gas exploitation, after gas production a period of time, the output of shale gas sharply reduces, and the effect of shale gas exploitation is undesirable, yields poorly, output is unstable, can not reach commercial development standard.Shale gas exploits the low reason of gas production mainly: compared with conventional gas, the storing mode of shale gas is to be adsorbed as master, reservoir energy low (pressure is low), poor permeability, and the output process of shale gas is first desorb, then seepage flow in pore media.The gas production only relying on the more difficult acquisition of self desorb very high and recovery ratio, must find and study the new method improving exploitation rate (or daily output tolerance) and recovery ratio.
In order to improve the recovery ratio of shale gas, output can be opened lower than commercial development standard (individual well 1000 meters at shale gas
3/ day) time, take well stimulation.Existing well stimulation mainly adopts fracturing to carry out reservoir reconstruction.Its principle is, by ground pump truck, fracturing fluid is pumped into shaft bottom, and high pressure fracture liquid pressure break in shale gas reservoir goes out one or more crack, thus provides more passage for the seepage flow of shale gas.Although this method adds seepage channel, the shale gas of part desorb is flowed out, fundamentally do not accelerate the desorb of ADSORPTION STATE shale gas, effect of increasing production is limited.The equipment investment of this shale gas volume increase is large, operating cost is high, also limit its extensive use.
In addition, a kind of method for increasing for shale gas: CO is also had
2absorption method, the method utilizes CO
2have than methane (CH
4) high adsorptivity, inject CO to rammell
2, squeeze methane or change its characterization of adsorption.This method also must suitably step-down, CH in pressure reduction
4desorb, CO
2there is strong adsorptivity and occupy CH
4position, thus make CH
4keep free state.Detailed process is: producing well opens the step-down of shale gas well, and Injection Well injects CO
2, CH after step-down
4desorb is free state, CO
2absorption.Then injection pressure is increased, CH
4along rammell flow of pore from gas well output.After producing a period of time according to the method described above, step-down again, carries out injection and the output of next circulation.But because pressure reduction is at producing well, and CO
2be inject at Injection Well, cause CH
4with CO
2competition may different time occur, in addition due to boosting and the iterative cycles of step-down, shorten the effective time that shale gas is produced, therefore can not improve daily output tolerance very significantly.And this method for increasing equipment is complicated, preparation cost is high, also makes it only stay in the laboratory research stage.
To sum up, existing shale gas method for increasing all cannot realize the volume increase of shale gas fast and effectively, meanwhile, does not also have shale gas yield-increasing apparatus economically and reasonably.So urgently one shale gas method for increasing and yield-increasing apparatus effectively, and then improve shale gas output.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, for above-mentioned shale gas development problem, propose a kind of shale gas method for increasing, to improve shale gas desorption rate and seepage velocity, and then improve shale gas output.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of shale gas method for increasing, comprise the following steps: (1), rammell conveying heat energy to shale gas well, and make by ordering about carried heat energy to realize heat transmission in rammell rammell temperature raise; (2) shale gas well 1-10 days, is closed; (3) gas production of shale gas well, is opened.
Further, realize heat transmission and make with shale gas well as rammell average temperature within the scope of center of circle radius 50 meters raises 20-30 DEG C.
Further, the time of described closedown shale gas well is 1-2 days, waits for the further transfer spreading of heat.
Further, described conveying heat energy comprises superheated vapour heating or heating using microwave.
Further, described superheated vapour heating means are: inject superheated vapour to rammell, shale gas place, superheated vapour is generally 100-300 DEG C, and the individual well steam injection pressure of superheated vapour is than rammell pore pressure height 1-2MPa, and steam injection rate is 5-10m
3/ h water equivalent superheated vapour, makes the superheated vapour mass dryness fraction entering rammell, shale gas place be greater than 50%.When superheated vapour mass dryness fraction is less than 50%, not good to the heating effect of shale gas, shale gas resolution speed does not reach requirement.
Further, described superheated vapour total injection is every meter of shale thickness note 5 ~ 15 tons of water equivalent superheated vapours, or 8 ~ 12 tons of water equivalent superheated vapours.
Further, described heating using microwave is for adopting microwave generator launched microwave heating rammell, shale gas place.Described microwave frequency is 1MHZ-10GHZ, or described microwave frequency 2MHZ-5GHZ; Described microwave generator power is 100 kilowatts-800 kilowatts, or described microwave generator power is 300 kilowatts-500 kilowatts.
Another object of the present invention also proposed a kind of shale gas yield-increasing apparatus, can realize shale gas volume increase when increasing production for shale gas fast and effectively.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of shale gas yield-increasing apparatus, comprise steam generator, injection pump, interior pipe and to be set in outside interior pipe and the outer tube be fixed on shale gas well inwall, the arrival end of described injection pump is communicated with steam generator, and the port of export of described injection pump is communicated with interior pipe.Described outer tube upper end is used for the fixing shale gas well borehole wall, and being arranged in one end, rammell, shale gas place provides passage to the shale gas parsed from rammell, and the shale gas after parsing is imported in interior pipe.
Further, described interior pipe is stainless steel tube or plastic inner lining pipe.As the oil pipe that petroleum industry is conventional.
Further, described interior pipe arranged outside has isolation layer, prevents superheated vapour heat loss before not reaching rammell, shale gas place.
Further, described isolation layer is heat-barrier material (as the polymeric foamed material) layer be coated on outside interior pipe; Or
Be arranged on the layer of inert between described inner and outer tubes or blanket of nitrogen.
Further, described inner and outer tubes are positioned at one section of rammell, shale gas place, all offer sieve aperture.
Another object of the present invention also proposed a kind of shale gas yield-increasing apparatus, realizes shale gas volume increase fast and effectively.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of shale gas yield-increasing apparatus, comprise microwave generator, power supply, interior pipe and to be set in outside interior pipe and the outer tube be fixed on shale gas well inwall, described microwave generator is detachably fixed on interior pipe lower end, and with power supply Electricity Federation, correspondingly with microwave generator on described outer tube be provided with Microwave emission hole.Described outer tube upper end is used for fixing shale gas well inwall, and described Microwave emission hole is passed through for the microwave making microwave generator launch, and provides passage also can to the shale gas of resolving in rammell, and the shale gas of parsing is imported in interior pipe.
Further, described microwave generator comprises pedestal and two or more Microwave emission head, and described two or more Microwave emission head is distributed on pedestal, can to its surrounding and downside launched microwave.The microwave frequency that described microwave generator is launched is 1MHZ-10GHZ; Described microwave generator power is 100 kilowatts-800 kilowatts.
Further, described interior pipe is stainless steel tube or plastic inner lining pipe, as oil pipe.
Further, described interior pipe is provided with sieve aperture near a section of microwave generator.
Further, described outer tube is positioned at a section of rammell, shale gas place and is provided with sieve aperture, for the shale gas of resolving provides more circulation passage.
Operating principle of the present invention: to the rammell conveying heat energy (superheated vapour heating or heating using microwave) of shale gas well, and make shale gas institute rammell temperature raise by ordering about carried heat energy to realize heat transmission in rammell, make the desorb rapidly of the shale gas (methane) in ADSORPTION STATE be adsorbed on rammell, become free state.Along with heat transmits to deep, rammell, a large amount of shale gas desorb is free state, the shale gas expanded by heating again of free state.When opening shale gas well liquid loading, the rapid output of shale gas of these free states, thus improve shale gas well yield significantly.
Shale gas volume increase is selected to adopt which kind of heat energy, mainly considers according to combined factors such as injection scale, equipment investment, operating costs.General steam-heated input is high, but heat is also high, and effect of increasing production is best; The feature of heating using microwave is that equipment investment is little, and applying flexible is convenient, is suitable for small gas fields or well group test.
Shale gas is normally present in rammell pore surface with adsorbed state, and its output at least will through desorb, diffusion and seepage flow three processes, and wherein desorption rate and seepage velocity are the principal elements determining aerogenesis speed.Shale gas method for increasing of the present invention, by injecting heat energy to rock stratum, shale gas place, increases the free energy of ADSORPTION STATE shale gas (methane), thus improves the speed of methane from desorb the pore surface of rammell; Shale gas expanded by heating accelerates seepage flow flowing simultaneously, thus reaches the object increasing substantially shale gas output, realize the industrialized developing of shale gas; Shale gas method for increasing of the present invention exploitation shale gas is adopted to have flexibly, reliably, invest little feature.The invention provides the shale gas exploitation that a kind of shale gas method for increasing is suitable for straight well, horizontal well or multilateral well.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is superheated vapour of the present invention heating schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is superheated vapour of the present invention heating exploitation schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is heating using microwave schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is heating using microwave of the present invention exploitation schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the top view of microwave generator in Fig. 3.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is superheated vapour of the present invention heating schematic diagram; Fig. 2 is superheated vapour of the present invention heating exploitation schematic diagram.
Rammell, the shale gas place buried depth about 1000 meters of exploiting is needed, rammell, shale gas place original temperature about 50 DEG C in the present embodiment.Shale gas well after the normal gas production of a period of time, when individual well daily output is lower than during commercial development standard (1000 meters
3/ day), adopt shale gas method for increasing to continue exploitation shale gas, be specially and adopt superheated vapour method (also claiming superheated vapour to handle up) exploitation shale gas, comprise the following steps:
(1), to the rammell 4 of shale gas well carry heat energy, and make by ordering about carried heat energy to realize heat transmission in rammell 4 rammell temperature raise; Particularly, injected the superheated vapour of steam generator 1 generation to rammell, shale gas place 4 by injection pump 2, heating rammell, shale gas place 4, superheated vapour temperature is 180-200 DEG C, individual well steam injection pressure is than rammell pore pressure height 1MPa, and steam injection rate is 5-7m
3/ h water equivalent superheated vapour, makes the superheated vapour mass dryness fraction entering rammell, shale gas place be greater than 60%.Superheated vapour total injection is: every meter of shale thickness note 10 tons of water equivalent superheated vapours, makes with shale gas well as rammell average temperature within the scope of center of circle radius 50 meters raises 20 DEG C.Heating-up temperature should not be too high, and when heating to prevent superheated vapour, shale gas is pushed to well area far away by hot fluid;
(2), close shale gas well 2 days, the effect of closing shale gas well prevents heat loss, and make the heat of injection further transfer spreading, within the specific limits uniformity of temperature profile in rammell;
(3), open the gas production of shale gas well: the shale gas (methane) of the free state of a large amount of high temperature flows into outer tube 5 and interior pipe 3 successively by rammell, well area far away, carry through interior pipe 3 and arrive ground remittance shale gas gas transmission line.
Be adsorbed in the shale gas of rammell after being heated by superheated vapour, the desorption rate of shale gas improves, and adsorption capacity reduces greatly; Shale gas expanded by heating in the process simultaneously transmitted to rammell at heat energy, is conducive to setting up producing pressure differential, thus increase gas well daily output significantly.Original formation temperature about 50 DEG C in the present embodiment, after heating, within the scope of shale gas shaft bottom radius 50 meters, rammell average temperature can reach 70 DEG C, now the adsorption capacity of rammell is about reduced to original about 1/7, desorption rate improves about 7 times, gas well daily output improves about 7 times (before not increasing production, lower same).
Embodiment 2
As different from Example 1, in the present embodiment, superheated vapour temperature is 250 DEG C, and individual well steam injection pressure is than rammell pore pressure height 1MPa, and steam injection rate is 10m
3/ h water equivalent superheated vapour, makes the superheated vapour mass dryness fraction entering rammell, shale gas place be greater than 60%.Superheated vapour total injection is every meter of shale thickness note 15 tons of water equivalent water vapours, makes with shale gas well as rammell average temperature within the scope of center of circle radius 50 meters raises 30 DEG C.
Original formation temperature about 50 DEG C in the present embodiment, after heating, within the scope of shale gas shaft bottom radius 50 meters, rammell average temperature can reach 80 DEG C, now the adsorption capacity of rammell is about reduced to original about 1/10, and desorption rate improves about 10 times, and gas well daily output improves about 10 times.
Embodiment 3
Fig. 3 is heating using microwave schematic diagram of the present invention; Fig. 4 is heating using microwave of the present invention exploitation schematic diagram.
Rammell, the shale gas place buried depth about 800 meters of exploiting is needed, rammell original temperature about 40 DEG C in the present embodiment.Shale gas well after the normal gas production of a period of time, when individual well daily output is lower than during commercial development standard (1000 meters
3/ day).Adopt shale gas method for increasing to continue exploitation shale gas, be specially the method exploitation shale gas adopting heating using microwave, comprise the following steps:
(1), to the rammell 4 of shale gas well carry heat energy, and make by ordering about carried heat energy to realize heat transmission in rammell 4 rammell temperature raise; Particularly, microwave generator 7 is placed in rammell, shale gas place 4, powered for microwave generator 7 by cable 8 by power supply 6, microwave generator 7 launched microwave heating rammell, shale gas place 4, makes with shale gas well as rammell average temperature within the scope of center of circle radius 50 meters raises 20 DEG C; Microwave frequency is 300MHZ; The power of microwave generator is 2500 kilowatts;
(2) shale gas well 1-2 days, is closed;
(3) gas production of shale gas well, is opened.Because rammell, shale gas place temperature improves, accelerate the desorb of shale gas, add the thermal expansion of shale gas, make shale gas add flow speed and direction shale gas well by rammell, successively by outer tube 5 and interior pipe 3, be transported to ground through interior pipe, and import gas line network.
The present embodiment applies heat energy by arranging microwave generator 7 in shaft bottom to shale gas, make that the free energy of ADSORPTION STATE shale gas increases, desorption rate improves, expanded by heating, and the moisture evaporated in rammell improves vapor phase stream kinetic force, improve shale gas individual well daily output 6 ~ 8 times.
Embodiment 4
As different from Example 3, the present embodiment, by adopting microwave generator launched microwave heating rammell, shale gas place, makes with shale gas well as rammell average temperature within the scope of center of circle radius 50 meters raises 30 DEG C; Microwave frequency is 300MHZ; The power of microwave generator is 4000 kilowatts; Close shale gas well 1-2 days; Open the gas production of shale gas well, improve shale gas individual well daily output 9 ~ 10 times.
Embodiment 5
Fig. 1 is superheated vapour of the present invention heating schematic diagram; Fig. 2 is superheated vapour of the present invention heating exploitation schematic diagram.
Present embodiment discloses the equipment of a kind of shale gas volume increase, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, comprise steam generator 1, injection pump 2, interior pipe 3 and to be set in outside interior pipe 3 and the outer tube 5 be fixed on shale gas well inwall, the arrival end of injection pump 2 is communicated with steam generator 1, and the port of export of injection pump 2 is communicated with interior pipe 3.
The plastic inner lining oil pipe that interior pipe 3 in the present embodiment adopts petroleum industry conventional, can prevent injecting superheated vapour for a long time and interior pipe 3 inwall is got rusty.Interior pipe 3 is positioned at one section of sieve aperture be provided with as superheated vapour and shale gas passage of rammell, shale gas place 4.Be provided with the blanket of nitrogen as isolation layer between interior pipe 3 and outer tube 5, prevent superheated vapour heat loss before not reaching rammell, shale gas place.Be appreciated that the heat insulation mode of other forms of pipeline all can be applicable in this equipment.
The present embodiment middle external tube 5 is positioned at one section of sieve aperture be provided with as superheated vapour and shale gas passage of rammell, shale gas place 4.Outer tube 5 upper end is used for the fixing shale gas well borehole wall, and it is arranged in one end, rammell, shale gas place provides passage to the shale gas parsed from rammell 4, and then in importing in pipe 3.
The operating principle of the equipment of the present embodiment shale gas volume increase: the superheated vapour that steam generator 1 produces is passed into interior pipe 3 by injection pump 2, under the protection of interior pipe 3 lateral septal thermosphere, the thermal loss of superheated vapour is less, superheated vapour, successively by being arranged on the sieve aperture on interior pipe 3 and the sieve aperture on outer tube is transported to rammell, shale gas place 4, realizing heat transmission and rammell 4 temperature is raised in rammell, shale gas place 4; When raising 20-30 DEG C with shale gas well for rammell average temperature within the scope of center of circle radius 50 meters, stop conveying superheated vapour; Close shale gas well 1-10 days; Improved by the shale gas resolution speed in the rammell 4 of heating, and expanded by heating, flowing to shale gas well, successively by being arranged on the sieve aperture on outer tube 5 and the sieve aperture on interior pipe 3, entering interior pipe 3; Open gas well gas production, flow to ground through interior pipe 3, and import shale gas gas line network.
The method for increasing of the employing superheated vapour heating shale gas of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 all can adopt this equipment to complete.
Embodiment 6
Fig. 3 is heating using microwave schematic diagram of the present invention; Fig. 4 is heating using microwave of the present invention exploitation schematic diagram; Fig. 5 is the top view of microwave generator in Fig. 3.
Present embodiment discloses a kind of equipment for realizing shale gas volume increase, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, comprising microwave generator 7, power supply 6, interior pipe 3 and being set in outside interior pipe 3 and the outer tube 5 be fixed on shale gas well inwall.Microwave generator 7 is detachably fixed on interior pipe 3 lower end by bolt, and microwave generator 7 is by cable 8 and power supply 6 Electricity Federation; Correspondingly with microwave generator 7 on outer tube 5 be provided with Microwave emission hole.
As shown in Figure 5, the microwave generator that the present embodiment adopts comprises column pedestal and 8 Microwave emission heads, 10,8 Microwave emission heads 10 are distributed on column pedestal circumferentially, makes Microwave emission head 10 just to rammell, shale gas place 4.Power and the shale gas exploitation of the number foundation Microwave emission head of general Microwave emission head 10 need and determine.
In in the present embodiment, pipe 3 is stainless steel tube, and interior pipe 3 is provided with sieve aperture, as the shale gas passage parsed near a section of microwave generator 7.
The present embodiment middle external tube 5 is positioned at a section of rammell, shale gas place 4 and is provided with sieve aperture, for the shale gas of resolving provides more circulation passage.Outer tube 5 upper end is used for the fixing shale gas well borehole wall.
The job step of the present embodiment shale gas yield-increasing apparatus: lower end microwave generator 7 being fixed on interior pipe 3, being carried by interior pipe 3 enters in shale gas well, and be placed in rammell, shale gas place, switch on power 6, start microwave generator 7 to rammell 4, shale gas place launched microwave, microwave, through the Microwave emission hole on outer tube 5, realizes heat transmission and rammell 4 temperature is raised in rammell 4; When raising 20-30 DEG C with shale gas well for the rammell average temperature within the scope of center of circle radius 50 meters, close the power supply of microwave generator 7; Close shale gas well 1-2 days; Improved by the shale gas resolution speed in the rammell 4 of heating, and expanded by heating, the sieve aperture of the sieve aperture successively on outer tube 5 and interior pipe 3, shale gas flow in interior pipe 3, opens the gas production of shale gas well, flows to ground, and import shale gas gas line network through interior pipe 3.
The employing of embodiment 3 and embodiment 4 the method for increasing of Microwave emission heating shale gas this equipment all can be adopted to complete.
Last it is noted that above each embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention, be not intended to limit; Although with reference to foregoing embodiments to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein some or all of technical characteristic; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (3)
1. a shale gas method for increasing, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps: (1), to shale gas well rammell conveying heat energy, and make by ordering about carried heat energy to realize heat transmission in rammell with shale gas well within the scope of center of circle radius 50 meters rammell average temperature raise 20-30 DEG C; (2) shale gas well 1-10 days, is closed; (3) gas production of shale gas well, is opened;
Described conveying heat energy is superheated vapour heating, and described superheated vapour heating means are: inject superheated vapour to rammell, shale gas place, the individual well steam injection pressure of superheated vapour is than rammell pore pressure height 1-2MPa, and steam injection rate is 5-10m
3/h water equivalent superheated vapour, makes the superheated vapour mass dryness fraction entering rammell, shale gas place be greater than 50%.
2. shale gas method for increasing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the time of described closedown shale gas well is 1-2 days.
3. shale gas method for increasing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described superheated vapour total injection is every meter of shale thickness note 5 ~ 15 tons of water equivalent superheated vapours.
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| CN105822275B (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2019-02-22 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A method of for the pressure break seam of shale |
| CN106884637A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-06-23 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Shale gas thermal process and system |
| CN108825197A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-11-16 | 昆明理工大学 | A method of strengthening shale gas recovery ratio |
| CN110159241A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-08-23 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of microwave irradiation cooperates with the device of exploitation shale gas with hydraulic fracturing |
| CN117371069B (en) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-03-08 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method and system for optimizing filling scheme of single-layer-drive streamline regulator of vertical and inclined well group |
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