CN102729157A - Cubic boron nitride grinding wheel with abrasive particles distributed sequentially in three dimensions and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Cubic boron nitride grinding wheel with abrasive particles distributed sequentially in three dimensions and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cubic boron nitride grinding wheel with abrasive particles distributed sequentially in three dimensions and a manufacturing method thereof. The cubic boron nitride grinding wheel consists of a matrix and an abrasive material layer which is adhered to the matrix, and the is characterized in that the abrasive material layer comprises 40 to 60 weight percent of cubic boron nitride fiber abrasive material and the balance of ceramic bonding agent; and the ceramic bonding agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50 to 55 percent of SiO2, 15 to 20 percent of Al2O3, 10 to 15 percent of B2O3, 5 to 10 percent of K2O and the balance of Na2O. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps of: mixing the materials, performing compression molding in a die, drying, sintering a blank and bonding the abrasive material layer and the matrix. The grinding wheel which is subjected to tests, finishing, checking and appearance processing is long in service life, high in self-sharpening property, high in grinding efficiency and high in machining accuracy, and is suitable for high-efficiency precision grinding of key parts in industry of automobile engines and aircraft engines. According to a sintering method, the blank is heated to the temperature of between 720 and 740 DEG C in a sectional mode, and the temperature is kept for 100 to 120 minutes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cubic boron nitride abrasive wheel of a kind of abrasive particle three-dimensional order distribution and preparation method thereof, be a kind of vitrified bonded grinding wheel, belong to the super hard abrasive technical field of tools.
Background technology
Cubic boron nitride (Cubic Boron Nitride, be called for short CBN) is though abrasive particle hardness is only second to diamond, and it has than diamond stable chemical property more.For example, it not with iron group metal and alloy generation affinity interaction, heat endurance is also much higher than diamond.Therefore, the emery wheel goods that adopt the CBN abrasive particle to make are obtaining application aspect the difficult-to-machine materials such as processing nickel base superalloy, titanium alloy.But, for for parts grinding field most popular vitrified bond CBN emery wheels such as automobile engine crankshaft and gear, blade of aviation engine tenon and turbine wheel shaft spline, exist unsurmountable following problem:
The CBN abrasive particle is generally graininess, and size is between 150 ~ 400 μ m.Abrasive particle is in disorder distribution state (Fig. 1) in emery wheel abrasive material (also claiming working lining) inside, makes not to be that every abrasive particle all can be brought into play effective shear action, and cause chip space inhomogeneous, has restricted representing of CBN wheel grinding potential.It is reported, though China (W.F.Ding, J.H.Xu; M.Shen; Y.C.Fu, B.Xiao, H.H.Su; H.J.Xu.Development and performance of monolayer brazed CBN grinding tools.International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology; 2007,34:491-495), Germany (Peter Herzenstiel, J.C.Aurich.CBN-grinding wheel with a defined grain pattern-extensive numerical and experimental studies.Machining Science and Technology; 2010; Researcher 14:301-322) has realized that at single layer soldering and individual layer electroplating CBN emery wheel working face the sequential 2 D of CBN abrasive particle distributes, and has given play to the grinding performance more excellent than abrasive particle disorder distribution, but does not all see both at home and abroad so far at the abrasive material of multi-layer ceramics bond CBN emery wheel and realize document and the patent report that CBN abrasive particle three-dimensional order distributes.Analyze reason, mainly be in graininess, to cause realizing that multilayer emery wheel inside has on all four abrasive particle distributed in three dimensions relevant, thereby also can't fully represent the grinding potential (comprising life tools and sharpness) of ceramic CBN emery wheel with the CBN abrasive particle.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is; Overcome the shortcoming of existing conventional ceramic bond CBN emery wheel abrasive particle disorder distribution; The cubic boron nitride abrasive wheel that provides a kind of abrasive particle three-dimensional order to distribute; Improve the life-span and the sharpness of vitrified bond CBN emery wheel in view of the above, final purpose is to realize efficient precise grinding automobile engine crankshaft and parts such as gear, blade of aviation engine tenon and turbine wheel shaft spline through this kind emery wheel.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of the cubic boron nitride abrasive wheel that a kind of abrasive particle three-dimensional order distributes.
The present invention is achieved through following technical scheme:
The cubic boron nitride abrasive wheel that the abrasive particle three-dimensional order distributes; Comprise metallic matrix and abrasive material two parts; Abrasive material is adhered on the metallic matrix, and said abrasive material and matrix are bonding to be bonding through the high strength adhesive, and bond strength satisfies grinding speed 200m/s instructions for use.The raw material components of abrasive material and weight percent content are: cubic boron nitride abrasive fibre 40 ~ 60%, all the other are vitrified bond.The abrasive material sectional dimension is that (0.3 ~ 0.5) mm * (0.3 ~ 0.5) mm, length are 3 ~ 5mm.
Vitrified bond comprises following raw material by weight percentage: 50 ~ 55%SiO
2, 15 ~ 20%Al
2O
3, 10 ~ 15%B
2O
3, 5 ~ 10%K
2O, all the other are Na
2O; Vitrified bond is each component to be mixed the back add interim binding agent acquisition, and interim binding agent is a liquid paraffin, and addition is to be as the criterion the each component mixing.The removal because interim binding agent will volatilize in the drying course of emery wheel is so its addition need not quantitative control.Said interim binding agent is a liquid paraffin.
The preparation method of the cubic boron nitride abrasive wheel that the abrasive particle three-dimensional order distributes may further comprise the steps:
Vitrified bond and interim bonding agent mixing material, cubic boron nitride fiber abrasive particle ordered arrangement and with the compression moulding of abrasive material blank and oven dry, abrasive material blank sintering, abrasive material and matrix is bonding, emery wheel turning test, abrasive material cylindrical and end face finishing, the inspection of emery wheel abrasive material, dynamic balancing, outward appearance processing obtain emery wheel; The matrix diameter is that 200 ~ 400mm, thickness are 10 ~ 20mm, and material is a quenched and tempered state 45# steel.
Described ordered arrangement is to realize through the hole of the fiber abrasive particle being put into the template constant spacing;
In detail, be earlier the uniform vitrified bond raw material of compounding to be put into dies cavity shown in Figure 3, then casement plate shown in Figure 2 is placed on vitrified bond raw material top; In the hole of each casement plate, insert CBN fiber abrasive particle again; Take the casement plate away after sticking with the hole, adopt forcing press then, with the pressure of 100MPa with vitrified bond raw material, the compacting of CBN fiber abrasive particle; Pressurize demoulding after 3 minutes can obtain the abrasive material blank that CBN abrasive particle three-dimensional regular is arranged; The abrasive material sectional dimension is that (0.3 ~ 0.5) mm * (0.3 ~ 0.5) mm, length are 3 ~ 5mm.
Described oven dry is in common dryer, and the abrasive material blank was toasted 100 ~ 120 minutes under 100 ~ 120 ℃ of temperature, removes interim bonding agent.
The sintering process of abrasive material blank is carried out in argon shield, and temperature lift-down curve is: be warmed up to 280 ~ 320 ℃ from room temperature in 60 ~ 80 minutes, and be incubated 10 ~ 15 minutes; Be warmed up to 580 ~ 620 ℃ in 60 ~ 80 minutes then, be incubated 15 ~ 25 minutes; Be warmed up to 720 ~ 740 ℃ in 80 ~ 100 minutes then, be incubated 100 ~ 120 minutes; Cool to 280 ~ 320 ℃ in 100 ~ 120 minutes then, be incubated 10 ~ 15 minutes; With the stove cooling, be lower than 150 ℃ (blow-on doors) then, be lower than 80 ℃ and come out of the stove.
Facts have proved: compare with the vitrified bond CBN emery wheel of abrasive particle disorder distribution; CBN wheel grinding automobile engine crankshaft, aero-engine titanium alloy compressor blade and the high-temperature alloy turbine disc/parts such as axle that a plurality of serial abrasive particle three-dimensional order that use the present invention makes distributes can make surface roughness generally improve 1-2 accuracy class, material is removed 2 ~ 3 times of efficient raisings, 2 ~ 3 times of wheel life raisings, have significant overall economic efficiency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a CBN fiber abrasive particle sketch map.
Fig. 2 is casement plate (part) sketch map that is used for CBN fiber abrasive particle ordered arrangement.
Fig. 3 is the mould sketch map that is used for the compression moulding of vitrified bond CBN emery wheel abrasive material blank.
Fig. 4 is the inner CBN abrasive particle three-dimensional order distribution schematic diagram of vitrified bond CBN emery wheel abrasive material.
Fig. 5 is the inner CBN abrasive particle disorder distribution sketch map of conventional ceramic bond CBN emery wheel abrasive material.
Wherein: 1-CBN graininess abrasive particle; The binding material that 2-fiber abrasive particle is inner; 3-template hole; The 4-dies cavity; The 5-mold shell; The vitrified bond that 6-emery wheel abrasive material is inner; The pore that 7-emery wheel abrasive material vitrified bond sintering process forms naturally; 8-CBN fiber abrasive particle.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is done to further describe, raw material that embodiment 1-7 is adopted and relevant content, parameter are seen table 1.(annotate: content is weight percentage in the table)
Each constituent element content of vitrified bond CBN fiber emery wheel abrasive material among table 1 embodiment 1 ~ 7
The preparation method of the cubic boron nitride abrasive wheel CBN emery wheel that the abrasive particle three-dimensional order that embodiment 1 ~ 5 is adopted distributes is:
(1) raw material components of vitrified bond and percentage by weight: 50%SiO
2, 15%Al
2O
3, 15%B
2O
3, 10%K
2O, 10%Na
2O.Take by weighing the vitrified bond raw material, through 40 hours ball mill mixing, 1300 ℃ of meltings, quenchings, pulverize, sieve and make the vitrified bond powder; It is even with the compounding of vitrified bond material powder to add interim binding agent.
(2) the uniform vitrified bond raw material of compounding is put into dies cavity shown in Figure 3, the casement plate with corresponding size specification shown in Figure 2 is placed on vitrified bond raw material end face then, in the hole of each casement plate, inserts CBN fiber abrasive particle again; Take the casement plate away after sticking with the hole; Cold pressing under 100MPa pressure through forcing press, pressurize demoulding after 3 minutes is put into common dryer with blank then again; Baking is 110 minutes under 110 ℃ of temperature, makes interim bonding agent volatilization clean.
(3) sintering process of abrasive material blank is carried out in argon shield, and temperature lift-down curve is:
Be warmed up to 300 ℃ from room temperature in 70 minutes, and be incubated 12 minutes;
Be warmed up to 600 ℃ at 70 minutes then, be incubated 20 minutes;
Be warmed up to 730 ℃ at 90 minutes then, be incubated 110 minutes;
Cool to 300 ℃ at 110 minutes then, be incubated 12 minutes;
With the stove cooling, be lower than 150 ℃ (blow-on doors) then, be lower than 80 ℃ and come out of the stove.
(4) after abrasive material is come out of the stove; Adopt high strength adhesive bonded metal matrix and abrasive material, carry out turning test through the emery wheel strength-testing machine then, and adopt general-purpose grinder finishing abrasive material cylindrical and end face; Inspection emery wheel abrasive material has zero defect; Emery wheel is carried out dynamic balancing, at last outward appearance is modified processing, accomplish emery wheel making thus.
The listed embodiment 6 ~ 8 of table 2 is different from embodiment 2 parts and is that each components contents is different in the vitrified bond raw material, and all the other are identical with embodiment 2.(annotate: content is weight percentage in the table)
Each constituent element percentage by weight in the vitrified bond raw material among table 2 embodiment 6 ~ 8
| The embodiment numbering | SiO 2 | Al 2O 3 | B 2O 3 | K 2O | Na 2O |
| |
55 | 20 | 10 | 5 | All the |
| Embodiment | |||||
| 7 | 52 | 18 | 15 | 10 | All the other |
| Embodiment 8 | 50 | 15 | 12 | 8 | All the other |
Table 3 is listed embodiment 9 ~ 12 and is that with embodiment 2 differences the ladder heating-cooling procedure parameter of abrasive material blank high temperature sintering is different, and all the other are identical with embodiment 2.
The ladder heating and cooling process parameter of table 3 embodiment 9 ~ 12
The listed Comparative Examples 1 ~ 4 of table 4 is that with embodiment 2 differences CBN fiber abrasive particle content is different with dimensions, all the other and embodiment 2 identical (annotate: content is weight percentage in the table).
Table 4 Comparative Examples 1 ~ 4 medium plain emery wheel abrasive material constituent element content
The listed Comparative Examples 5 ~ 7 of table 5 is that with embodiment 2 differences inner each the constituent element content of vitrified bond is different, and all the other are with embodiment 2.
Each constituent element percentage by weight in the vitrified bond raw material in table 5 Comparative Examples 6 ~ 8
| The Comparative Examples numbering | SiO 2 | Al 2O 3 | B 2O 3 | K 2O | Na 2O |
| Comparative Examples 6 | 40 | 25 | 5 | 15 | 15 |
| Comparative Examples 7 | 60 | 10 | 5 | 15 | 10 |
| Comparative Examples 8 | 50 | 15 | 20 | 15 | 0 |
In addition, Comparative Examples 9 adopts common CBN graininess abrasive materials and the vitrified bond raw material components identical with embodiment 2 and percentage by weight and identical sintering process to make vitrified bonded grinding wheel.Table 6 are 12 embodiment of the present invention with 9 Comparative Examples in the grinding performance comparing result of different vitrified bond CBN emery wheels.
Grinding test condition: flat surface grinding; Workpiece material is nickel base superalloy K77; Emery wheel external diameter φ 400mm, thickness 15mm; Grinding speed 120m/s, workpiece feed speed 3m/min.
The performance comparison of the different vitrified bond CBN of table 6 emery wheel
Nickel base superalloy grinding test result confirms; The cubic boron nitride abrasive wheel CBN emery wheel that abrasive particle three-dimensional order of the present invention distributes is compared with conventional ceramic bond CBN emery wheel; Significantly promoting aspect sharpness, chip space, life tools, the crudy, material removing rate is by 3 ~ 10mm
3/ mms brings up to 20 ~ 30mm
3/ mms; Grinding surface roughness is brought up to Ra 0.3-0.4 μ m by Ra 0.8 μ m; Wheel life improves 2 times, and the cumulative volume (can reflect the emery wheel wearability) of removing material is by 1000 ~ 1400cm
3Bring up to 2400 ~ 2500cm
3Improved the overall economic efficiency of CBN emery wheel efficient precise grinding difficult-to-machine material.
Claims (4)
1. the cubic boron nitride abrasive wheel that distributes of abrasive particle three-dimensional order; Comprise metallic matrix and abrasive material two parts; Abrasive material is adhered on the metallic matrix, and the raw material components of abrasive material and weight percent content are: cubic boron nitride abrasive fibre 40 ~ 60%, all the other are vitrified bond.
2. the cubic boron nitride abrasive wheel that abrasive particle three-dimensional order according to claim 1 distributes is characterized in that described vitrified bond comprises following raw material by weight percentage: 50 ~ 55%SiO
2, 15 ~ 20%Al
2O
3, 10 ~ 15%B
2O
3, 5 ~ 10%K
2O, all the other are Na
2O; Vitrified bond is each component to be mixed the back add interim binding agent acquisition, and interim binding agent is a liquid paraffin, and addition is to be as the criterion the each component mixing.
3. the cubic boron nitride abrasive wheel that abrasive particle three-dimensional order according to claim 1 distributes is characterized in that described said abrasive material sectional dimension is 3 ~ 5mm for (0.3 ~ 0.5) mm * (0.3 ~ 0.5) mm, length.
4. the preparation method of the cubic boron nitride abrasive wheel that distributes of abrasive particle three-dimensional order is characterized in that may further comprise the steps: vitrified bond and interim bonding agent mixing material, cubic boron nitride fiber abrasive particle ordered arrangement and with the compression moulding of abrasive material blank and oven dry, abrasive material blank sintering, abrasive material and matrix is bonding, emery wheel turning test, abrasive material cylindrical and end face finishing, the inspection of emery wheel abrasive material, dynamic balancing, outward appearance processing;
Described ordered arrangement is to realize through the hole of the fiber abrasive particle being put into the template constant spacing; The sintering process of abrasive material blank is carried out in argon shield, and temperature lift-down curve is: be warmed up to 280 ~ 320 ℃ from room temperature in 60 ~ 80 minutes, and be incubated 10 ~ 15 minutes; Be warmed up to 580 ~ 620 ℃ in 60 ~ 80 minutes then, be incubated 15 ~ 25 minutes; Be warmed up to 720 ~ 740 ℃ in 80 ~ 100 minutes then, be incubated 100 ~ 120 minutes; Cool to 280 ~ 320 ℃ in 100 ~ 120 minutes then, be incubated 10 ~ 15 minutes; With the stove cooling, be lower than 150 ℃ of blow-on doors then, be lower than 80 ℃ and come out of the stove.
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| CN103406841A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2013-11-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | Device and method for realizing three-dimensional coordinated and ordered arrangement of grinding materials and hollow balls |
| CN103465185A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2013-12-25 | 常熟市巨力砂轮有限责任公司 | Cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheel preparing method |
| CN103846817A (en) * | 2014-01-29 | 2014-06-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | Abrasive cluster and air hole three-dimensional controllable arrangement CBN (cubic boron nitride) grinding wheel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103934758A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-07-23 | 崔仲鸣 | Aggregation-type abrasive grain superabrasive grinding wheel and preparing method thereof |
| CN106272120A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2017-01-04 | 西安航空动力股份有限公司 | A kind of aero-turbine axle spline grinding tool and method for grinding |
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| CN107073686A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2017-08-18 | 3M创新有限公司 | Abrasive material preformed member, the method and bonded abrasive article for preparing abrasive product |
| CN106346375B (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2019-03-15 | 上海鑫轮超硬磨具有限公司 | Ceramic Composite bonding agent and its cubic boron nitride abrasive wheel and preparation method for cubic boron nitride abrasive wheel |
| CN110193785A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-09-03 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | A kind of turbine long axis spline tooth plunge grinding method |
| CN113524058A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-22 | 华侨大学 | Single-layer diamond abrasive particle ordered arrangement brazing method for template-free furnace brazing |
| CN115592581A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-01-13 | 太原理工大学（Cn） | Laser brazing manufacturing device for grinding wheel with orderly arranged abrasive particles |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103406841A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2013-11-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | Device and method for realizing three-dimensional coordinated and ordered arrangement of grinding materials and hollow balls |
| CN103465185A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2013-12-25 | 常熟市巨力砂轮有限责任公司 | Cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheel preparing method |
| CN103846817A (en) * | 2014-01-29 | 2014-06-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | Abrasive cluster and air hole three-dimensional controllable arrangement CBN (cubic boron nitride) grinding wheel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103934758A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-07-23 | 崔仲鸣 | Aggregation-type abrasive grain superabrasive grinding wheel and preparing method thereof |
| CN107073686A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2017-08-18 | 3M创新有限公司 | Abrasive material preformed member, the method and bonded abrasive article for preparing abrasive product |
| CN106272120A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2017-01-04 | 西安航空动力股份有限公司 | A kind of aero-turbine axle spline grinding tool and method for grinding |
| CN106378717A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-02-08 | 南京航空航天大学 | Production method and application of multicrystal diamond tablet |
| CN106346375B (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2019-03-15 | 上海鑫轮超硬磨具有限公司 | Ceramic Composite bonding agent and its cubic boron nitride abrasive wheel and preparation method for cubic boron nitride abrasive wheel |
| CN110193785A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-09-03 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | A kind of turbine long axis spline tooth plunge grinding method |
| CN113524058A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-22 | 华侨大学 | Single-layer diamond abrasive particle ordered arrangement brazing method for template-free furnace brazing |
| CN113524058B (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2022-05-03 | 华侨大学 | Single-layer diamond abrasive particle ordered arrangement brazing method for template-free furnace brazing |
| CN115592581A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-01-13 | 太原理工大学（Cn） | Laser brazing manufacturing device for grinding wheel with orderly arranged abrasive particles |
| CN115592581B (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-03-10 | 太原理工大学 | Laser brazing preparation device for grinding wheel with orderly arranged abrasive particles |
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