CN102712513B - Kind for the treatment of contaminated water, soil or air is implanted with the organic filter device of Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant - Google Patents

Kind for the treatment of contaminated water, soil or air is implanted with the organic filter device of Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant Download PDF

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CN102712513B
CN102712513B CN201080059944.6A CN201080059944A CN102712513B CN 102712513 B CN102712513 B CN 102712513B CN 201080059944 A CN201080059944 A CN 201080059944A CN 102712513 B CN102712513 B CN 102712513B
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plant
filter device
organic filter
grass
soil
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CN102712513A (en
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蒂埃里·雅凯
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Phytorestore
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Phytorestore
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/84—Biological processes
    • B01D53/85—Biological processes with gas-solid contact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
    • B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/101—Sulfur compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/36—Organic compounds containing halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/02—Odour removal or prevention of malodour
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/24—Separation of coarse particles, e.g. by using sieves or screens
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/151—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to the organic filter device for processing pollutent, it has the device of the import of a need process pollutent, the outlet of a non-degradation of contaminant, the filtration of inserting between pollutent import and outlet and decontamination, it is characterized in that the device of above-mentioned filtration and decontamination adopt following form a) by 10-20% polymer, more than 30% the organic underlayer that forms of vegetable fibre, 20-40% compost, polymer is preferably water insoluble, and surface imperfection; Vegetable fibre is wooden; Compost contain more than 30% wooden, best Biostatic sex index (ISB) is greater than 0.5, b) on organic underlayer plant have Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant, these stalk stem plants preferably contribute to fixing great amount of carbon dioxide; At least comprise the device being used for processing the water, soil and the air that are polluted of an above-mentioned plant organic filter device; With the treatment process of a kind of contaminated water, soil and air, comprise in device described before the introducing of contaminated water, soil and air.

Description

Kind for the treatment of contaminated water, soil or air is implanted with the organic filter device of Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant
This application claims the right of priority of the patent application FR0906430 that on December 31st, 2009 submits to same applicant's name.The application quotes in data the content including above-mentioned application as proof.
Technical field
The kind that the present invention relates to for the treatment of contaminated water, soil or air is implanted with the organic filter device of Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant, and uses the technique of decontamination of this kind of plantation organic filter device.
Background technology
Nowadays, after recognizing the harm of polluting and causing public health, France and European standard to the regulation of pollutant emission more and more strictly, comprise gas, liquid and solid emission.
In pollution problem, the impact that the problem that nowadays Carbon emission causes produces is particularly important, particularly defines the Carbon emission license amount that industry is relevant.
However, the scheme addressed these problems at present is also not fully up to expectations, especially when consider stabilizing carbon dioxide gas restriction climate warming in key.
Therefore, when we pay close attention to sludge treatment, present purification scheme mainly relies on biological purifying process decontamination: on purifying station use biopurification is disposed of sewage and ploughed, spray biopurification process agricultural emissions thing.Because these technology exist various shortcoming (stench, be difficult to incorporate in beautiful landscape, be not suitable for process micropollutant, power consumption is large, running cost is high), so develop other solution.
Be included in vegetation or there is no the filtering technique on the water-borne sediments of vegetation in the technology of exploitation.
It is the standard x PP16-603(numbering DTU64.1 promulgated in August, 1988 that the sand bed recommended in self-purification filters) the middle old technology of one illustrated.The basis of this simple and effective technology is with a large amount of sand infiltration-diafiltration sewage.However, this technology needs very large area on the one hand, also can produce blockage problem, so must regularly replace the sand in strainer on the other hand.
For alleviating these shortcomings of layer of sand strainer, and develop vegetation pedestal.Plant above these pedestals comprise and have plant, the gravel laid layer by layer, sand or rubble.The plant of plantation has powerful root system system, and can keep the perviousness of base interior, what usually plant is reed or bamboo.
In addition, in order to prevent blocking, two or three vegetation pedestals can be installed, alternate run, regularly to be had a rest.If have a structure of three strainers, that time of having a rest can be at most the twice of working time.
The solution of the decontamination aspect of recent development is based on biopurification, or phytoremediation, and relies on the ability of some plant from soil, extract some pollutent, accumulates, and even some plant can also be degraded these pollutents.But the resistibility of each kind of plant to toxic substance has difference greatly, on the other hand, because of accumulation pollutent, the disposal of contaminated plant is also a problem.
In order to improve the technique of decontamination, develop a kind of by " plant leaching " or the technical process adopting the decontamination based on plant leaching before contriver, International Patent Application PCT WO2006/030164 is to this has been explanation.
The basis of this technique replaces in the aerobic/anaerobic stage, the microorganism of plant organic filter device rhizosphere can degradation of contaminant, and undegradable kind can circulate (by dilution) again, especially metal species, thus make their leachings (plant leaching) and flow to second cell with concentrating filter effect.
As for the current Problems existing of decontamination, still constantly need more effective and/or that cost is lower new departure.
Summary of the invention
Contriver have now been developed a kind of technical process of new decontamination, not only simple but also economical, and what mainly rely on is a kind of specifically developed plantation organic filter device.This plant organic filter device is applied to the technical process of decontamination.International Patent Application PCT WO2006/030164 to this has been explanation, and also contains this part content in the bibliography of presents.
Content of the present invention also comprises a kind of plant organic filter device being used for processing pollutent, and this plant organic filter utensil has:
The import of a need process pollutent;
The outlet of a non-degradation of contaminant;
The filtration of inserting between pollutent import and outlet and the device of decontamination, is characterized in that the device of above-mentioned filtration and decontamination adopts following form:
By 10-20% polymer, more than 30% the organic underlayer that forms of vegetable fibre, 20-40% compost, polymer is preferably water insoluble, and surface imperfection; Vegetable fibre is wooden; Compost contain more than 30% wooden, best Biostatic sex index (ISB) is greater than 0.5;
Organic underlayer is planted and has Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant, these stalk stem plants preferably contribute to fixing great amount of carbon dioxide.
Therefore, organic underlayer can make the capture rate of carbonic acid gas higher than 10% of inlet flow, preferably reaches 10-35%.
The plant organic filter device of the present invention's design also can according to FRANCEZ and VASANDER(1995) the beak leaf sphagnum moss set up and grey strain sedge peat bed fluid model be modified as positive carbon balance to run after calculating.
In view of strainer of the present invention take into account waste water or the municipal sludge inlet flow of COD, BOD5 containing 1 kilogram/square meter/sky and dry-matter (MS), can estimate that most of carbon (60%) accumulates with the form of mineralising mud in filter interior, with in carbonic acid gas and methane form discharge air after only having small portion (30%) to decompose, a last seldom part (10%) is for the plant production of strainer of the present invention.Therefore can reach a conclusion: it is extremely positive carbon balance that plant organic filter utensil of the present invention has, and these strainers need the energy of operation hardly.This is just to the real breakthrough at conventional purge station (biological, chemical, physics even membrane purification station), and worldwide, conventional purge station is to airborne release great amount of carbon dioxide, even also many than the livestock inventories often mentioned.
Advantage of the present invention is from pozzuolana, flint and quartz sand, select the above-mentioned soluble polymer with irregular surface.
Preferably from lower group, select lignocellulose plant fibre: bagasse, cocoa pericarp, leaf of Fortune Windmillpalm, bark, particularly Cortex Pini, and the whole European and/or torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant.
Advantage of the present invention is, high wooden content fixes them by changing the chemical species of pollutent, and can prevent the saturated or pollutent of strainer from saltouing.Xylogen can make the Biostatic sex index (ISB) of organic underlayer high.
Biostatic sex index (ISB) refers to that an organic product produces the effective capacity of stable humus in soil.The method that Lineres & Djakovitch can be adopted to illustrate determines this coefficient easily.(the organic biologically stable feature of biochemical analysis, 159-168 page.Decroux & Ignazi (ed.) organic substance and agricultural.Soil analysis the 4th day (Gemas).16-18 day in November, 1993 the 5th rationalizes fertilising forum (Comifer)).The method relates in one aspect to the Mierocrystalline cellulose total content (method of standard NFV03-040) measured primarily of Mierocrystalline cellulose, trace wooden and hemicellulose composition, then relate to VanSoest & Wine (1967 on the other hand, 1968) fractionation, distinguishes four little that is considered to equal: soluble molecule, hemicellulose, Mierocrystalline cellulose and xylogen and keratin.By setting up contacting between the biochemical composition of various product and the carbon mineralising adopting Breathing Method to measure, Lineres & Djakovitch has formulated this Biostatic sex index (ISB).Its account form has been included in standard NFXPU44-162.
According to Europe or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant, preferably include:
1) whole perennial grass, its cane is solid, high more than 1 meter, and annual output is more than 3 ton/hectare, and this can fix great amount of carbon dioxide, because they generally belong to C4 class plant.
2) plant that subterraneous root is very flourishing because all these plants have rhizome, and according to different plant species, respectively can in immersion water 10 centimetres to 1 meter do not wait (except bamboo, because bamboo cannot bear strong hydraulic pressure variation).
3) rhizome can adapt to the plant of variation near organic filter device, like this, if desired, can load at most 1.5 meters of thick organic underlayers in strainer.
4) produce after dry be rich in woody stems stalk (after compost, dry-matter is more than 90%) and containing a small amount of moisture (according to different plant species, moisture is 10-15%, and the moisture content of the coppice of short-term crop rotation willow more than 20 or 30%).Therefore, all these stalk stem plants at their biomass as having strong appreciation potential in energy, because their PCI(calorific value) higher than trees (PCI is between 4000 to 5000) and their stem stalk not perishable (this makes them through being often used as material of construction, such as thatched roof).
5) plant finally also having evaporotranspiration very competent, is greater than 4 millimeters/day/square meter always.
Finally, advantage of the present invention is from lower group of plant, select above-mentioned Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant: calamus (AcorusCalamus), Herba Kalimeridis grass (Amnophilaarenaria), Mauritania's grass (Ampelodesmosmauritanicus), Jie Shi bluestem grass (Andropogongerardii), giantreed (Arundodonaxsensu), awnless brome (Bromusinermis), alfa (Calamagrostisacutiflora), wild blue or green thatch (Calamagrostisarundinacea), not Roche tongue (Carexmorrowii), great Ye sedge (Carexpendula), littlely expect grass (Chasmanthiumlatifolium), Chionochloa conspicua (Chionochloaconspicua), Qiu Zhu (Chusqueaculeou), taro (Colocasiaesculenta), sward (Cortaderiafulvida), the stem or leaf of cattail belongs to (Cortaderiarichardi), Cortaderia selloana (Cortaderiaselloana), lemongrass (Cymbopogoncitratus), Cyperus (Cyperusensiatus), bur common vetch (Cyperusgiganteus), Soviet Union is according to storehouse, ground non-(Cyperuslongus), papyrus (Cyperuspapyrus), hairgrass (Deschampsiacespitosa), ring pine (Elegiacapensis), Radix Scorzonerae Albicaulis (Equisetumamericanum), scouring rush (Equisetumhyemale), water horsetail (Equisetumfluviatile), large scouring rush (Equisetummaximum), legendary god of farming's arrow bamboo (Fargesiamurielae), Fargesia nitida (Fargesianitida), the sweet thatch of water (Glyceriamaxima), brocade bamboo (Hibanobambusatranquillans), arrow shaft bamboo (Indocalamussolidus), indocalamus (Indocalamustessellatus), short sharp Rush (Juncusacutus), Rush (Juncuseffusus), leymus (Leymusarenarius), Chinese silvergrass and mutation (Miscanthussinensisetvar.) thereof, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli (Miscanthusfloridulus), reed (Miscanthussacchariflorus), huge awns (Miscanthusgiganteus), Maxwell grass belongs to (Moliniaaltissima), Maxwell grass belongs to (Moliniaarundinacea), peat bog grass (Moliniacaerulea), switchgrass (Panicumvirgatum), millet belongs to (Panicumrigidulum), sudd (Papyruspapyrus), Pennisetum and mutation (Pennisetumetvar.) thereof, snipe grass (Phalarisarundinacea), spot thatch (Saccharumarundinaceum), sugarcane (Saccharumofficinarum), husky raw Ravenna grass (Saccharumravennae), California Scirpus tabernaemontani (Schoenoplectuscalifornicus), Scirpus tabernaemontani (Schoenoplectustabernaemontanis), natural pond unboiled water green onion (Scirpuslacustris), Shi Mao (Sorghumhalepeus), spartina alterniflora loisel (Spartinaalterniflora), large oily awns (Sponiopogonsibiricus), needle Rhizoma Imperatae (Stipacalamagrostis), Stem of Lovely Achnatherum (Stipasplendens), typha minima (Typhaminima), rice-pudding leaf reed (Thysanolaenalatifolia), aquatic wild rice (Zizaniaaquatica), wild rice stem bamboo shoot (Zizanialatifolia) and natural pond raw wild rice (Zizaniapalustris), Ge Lisilan Sinobambusa (Greslaniarivularis), Ge Lisilan Sinobambusa crisp bar algae Flagellariasp., bilimbate seta Fischer grass (Scirpussubulatus), Rhizome of Wild Sweetcane (Sacharumspontaneum), dead ears bluestem grass (Andropoganleucostachyus), Alocasia ordora (Colocasigigantea), the huge water arum of Madagascar (Typhonodorumlindlleyanum), dredge fringe nutgrass flatsedge (Cyperusdistans), Heliconias belongs to (Heliconialatisphana), salon's venezuela heliconia (Heliconiastricta) and alfalfa (Medicagosativa).
Plant organic filter device of the present invention preferably has at least two kinds of species, preferably three kinds, if having at least four kinds of different Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant species, better.
Contriver can prove that plant organic filter device of the present invention can avoid the formation of peculiar smell, and these peculiar smell may cause some pollution problem.The efficient of strainer gives the credit to the outstanding perviousness of organic underlayer (being greater than 15mm/h) especially, makes humification coefficient be greater than 50% on the one hand, and can limit latch up phenomenon, can also optimize the oxygenation of the microorganism of the rhizosphere participating in contaminant degradation on the other hand.This rhizosphere contacted with the organic substance being rich in soil ulmin just defines and can form to pollutent the root system worked.
When plant organic filter device of the present invention is set in the technical process of the decontamination illustrated in International Patent Application PCT WO2006/030164, without the need to adding any natural organic acids to eliminate heavy metal contamination.Above-mentioned plant organic filter device is installed and not only can dramatically this technique of simplification, also can reduce use cost.In addition, also without the need to adding any sterilizing agent (lime and/or chlorine) municipal sludge of sterilizing.
Finally, contriver can prove that organic filter device of the present invention is when processing solid, liquid or gas pollutant, to the filtration efficiency of a large amount of pollutent; In example, efficiency is illustrated.
These key elements can be avoided adding natural organic acids and sterilizing agent (lime and/or chlorine).
Content of the present invention also comprises device that at least contain the plant organic filter device of an above-mentioned explanation, that be used for processing contaminated water, soil and air.
Finally, content of the present invention also comprises the treatment process of contaminated water, soil and an air, comprises and contaminated water, soil and air are introduced this device.
Preferably present treatment technique is used for capturing carbon dioxide, the capture rate of its carbonic acid gas, higher than 10% of input fluid, preferably reaches 10-35%.
When organic filter device uses brown peat to carry out compost, above-mentioned treatment process is preferably used in trap heavy metals, and its reduced rate is greater than 90% of input fluid, preferably especially from copper, lead, zinc and aluminium, selects heavy metal.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Table 1 describes the detailed features of European stalk stem plant of the present invention.
Table 2 describes the detailed features of the torrid zone of the present invention/desert stalk stem plant.
Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic sectional view of a waste disposal plant, and this device has two the organic filter devices connected continuously, carries out horizontal and vertical filtration respectively; A settling tank and a catcher/filter.
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic sectional view of the plant organic filter device that is disposed of sewage.
Fig. 3 is the diagrammatic sectional view of the plant organic filter device that second is disposed of sewage.
Fig. 4 is the sectional view of a sludge treatment equipment, and this device has first plant organic filter device, after connect a catcher/filter.
Fig. 5 is the diagrammatic sectional view of the horizontal organic filter device of a lignin-sludge.
Fig. 6 is the diagrammatic sectional view of the vertical flat organic filter device of a lignin-sludge.
Embodiment
Plant organic filter device of the present invention will be horizontal or vertical inner and carry out horizontal or vertical filtration through it according to the discharge that need process.
Plant organic filter device of the present invention, does not have pollutent to select Europe or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant the plant of accumulation ability from known.Therefore in a decontamination cycle, these plants can be rised in value easily, particularly at energy, furnishings and construction, furnishing fields, even at human and animal's field of food.In human and animal's field of food, in fact can particularly point out, in many developing countries, a large amount of stalk stem plants are used as the feed of domestic animal.
Can also use other can not accumulate pollutent, the plant grown under riverbank or wet environment.
The Wintering Period of these different plants is shorter than reed.Therefore, the efficiency ratio of decontamination uses the strainer of reed to obtain to show and promotes, because they are improved to the tolerance level of temperature variation.
Above-mentioned Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant can be selected as an example: calamus (AcorusCalamus) from lower group of plant, Herba Kalimeridis grass (Amnophilaarenaria), Mauritania's grass (Ampelodesmosmauritanicus), Jie Shi bluestem grass (Andropogongerardii), giantreed (Arundodonaxsensu), awnless brome (Bromusinermis), alfa (Calamagrostisacutiflora), wild blue or green thatch (Calamagrostisarundinacea), not Roche tongue (Carexmorrowii), great Ye sedge (Carexpendula), littlely expect grass (Chasmanthiumlatifolium), Chionochloa conspicua (Chionochloaconspicua), Qiu Zhu (Chusqueaculeou), taro (Colocasiaesculenta), sward (Cortaderiafulvida), the stem or leaf of cattail belongs to (Cortaderiarichardi), Cortaderia selloana (Cortaderiaselloana), lemongrass (Cymbopogoncitratus), Cyperus (Cyperusensiatus), bur common vetch (Cyperusgiganteus), Soviet Union is according to storehouse, ground non-(Cyperuslongus), papyrus (Cyperuspapyrus), hairgrass (Deschampsiacespitosa), ring pine (Elegiacapensis), Radix Scorzonerae Albicaulis (Equisetumamericanum), scouring rush (Equisetumhyemale), water horsetail (Equisetumfluviatile), large scouring rush (Equisetummaximum), legendary god of farming's arrow bamboo (Fargesiamurielae), Fargesia nitida (Fargesianitida), the sweet thatch of water (Glyceriamaxima), brocade bamboo (Hibanobambusatranquillans), arrow shaft bamboo (Indocalamussolidus), indocalamus (Indocalamustessellatus), short sharp Rush (Juncusacutus), Rush (Juncuseffusus), leymus (Leymusarenarius), Chinese silvergrass and mutation (Miscanthussinensisetvar.) thereof, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli (Miscanthusfloridulus), reed (Miscanthussacchariflorus), huge awns (Miscanthusgiganteus), Maxwell grass belongs to (Moliniaaltissima), Maxwell grass belongs to (Moliniaarundinacea), peat bog grass (Moliniacaerulea), switchgrass (Panicumvirgatum), millet belongs to (Panicumrigidulum), sudd (Papyruspapyrus), Pennisetum and mutation (Pennisetumetvar.) thereof, snipe grass (Phalarisarundinacea), spot thatch (Saccharumarundinaceum), sugarcane (Saccharumofficinarum), husky raw Ravenna grass (Saccharumravennae), California Scirpus tabernaemontani (Schoenoplectuscalifornicus), Scirpus tabernaemontani (Schoenoplectustabernaemontanis), natural pond unboiled water green onion (Scirpuslacustris), Shi Mao (Sorghumhalepeus), spartina alterniflora loisel (Spartinaalterniflora), large oily awns (Sponiopogonsibiricus), needle Rhizoma Imperatae (Stipacalamagrostis), Stem of Lovely Achnatherum (Stipasplendens), typha minima (Typhaminima), rice-pudding leaf reed (Thysanolaenalatifolia), aquatic wild rice (Zizaniaaquatica), wild rice stem bamboo shoot (Zizanialatifolia) and natural pond raw wild rice (Zizaniapalustris), Ge Lisilan Sinobambusa (Greslaniarivularis), the crisp bar algae (Flagellariasp.) of Ge Lisilan Sinobambusa, bilimbate seta Fischer grass (Scirpussubulatus), Rhizome of Wild Sweetcane (Sacharumspontaneum), dead ears bluestem grass (Andropoganleucostachyus), Alocasia ordora (Colocasigigantea), the huge water arum of Madagascar (Typhonodorumlindlleyanum), dredge fringe nutgrass flatsedge (Cyperusdistans), Heliconias belongs to (Heliconialatisphana), salon's venezuela heliconia (Heliconiastricta) and alfalfa (Medicagosativa).
These detailed features that the is European and torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant are respectively illustrated in Table I and Table II.
Europe of the present invention and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant preferably amphiphyte, can tolerate water logging and prolonged drought, and root system is huge, and rhizosphere can depth grow, and length is more than 1.5 meters, and width is more than 5 meters.
Plant organic filter device of the present invention preferably has at least two kinds of species, preferably three kinds, if having at least four kinds of different Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant species, better.
According to the special manufacture of the organic filter device of special disposal sewage, various Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant of plant organic filter device of the present invention can be selected: awnless brome (Bromusinermis) from lower group of plant, Soviet Union is according to storehouse, ground non-(Cyperuslongus), peat bog grass (Moliniacaerulea), Maxwell grass belongs to (Moliniaarundinacea), Stem of Lovely Achnatherum (Stipasplendens), husky raw Ravenna grass (Saccharumravennae), Scirpus tabernaemontani (Schoenoplectustabernaemontanis), natural pond unboiled water green onion (Scirpuslacustris), sward (Cortaderiafulvida), the stem or leaf of cattail belongs to (Cortaderiarichardi), Cortaderia selloana (Cortaderiaselloana), papyrus (Cyperuspapyrus), sudd (Papyruspapyrus), bur common vetch (Cyperusgiganteus), Chinese silvergrass (Miscanthussinensis), Caulis Miscanthis floriduli (Miscanthusfloridulus), reed (Miscanthussacchariflorus), huge awns (Miscanthusgiganteus), Maxwell grass belongs to (Moliniaaltissima), Cyperus (Cyperusensiatus), ring pine (Elegiacapensis), spot thatch (Saccharumarundinaceum), sugarcane (Saccharumofficinarum), California Scirpus tabernaemontani (Schoenoplectuscalifornicus), aquatic wild rice (Zizaniaaquatica), wild rice stem bamboo shoot (Zizanialatifolia) and natural pond raw wild rice (Zizaniapalustris).
According to the special manufacture of another kind of special disposal air-polluting organic filter device, various Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant of plant organic filter device of the present invention can be selected: not Roche tongue (Carexmorrowii) from lower group of plant, great Ye sedge (Carexpendula), scouring rush (Equisetumhyemale), water horsetail (Equisetumfluviatile), large scouring rush (Equisetummaximum), needle Rhizoma Imperatae (Stipacalamagrostis), Stem of Lovely Achnatherum (Stipasplendens), alfa (Calamagrostisacutiflora), sward (Cortaderiafulvida), the stem or leaf of cattail belongs to (Cortaderiarichardi), Cortaderia selloana (Cortaderiaselloana), the blue or green thatch (Calamagrostisarundinacea) of Radix Scorzonerae Albicaulis (Equisetumamericanum) and open country.
According to the special manufacture of another kind of the organic filter device of special disposal contaminated soil, various Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant of plant organic filter device of the present invention can be selected: not Roche tongue (Carexmorrowii) from lower group of plant, great Ye sedge (Carexpendula), peat bog grass (Moliniacaerulea), Maxwell grass belongs to (Moliniaarundinacea), switchgrass (Panicumvirgatum), millet belongs to (Panicumrigidulum), Chinese silvergrass (Miscanthussinensis), Caulis Miscanthis floriduli (Miscanthusfloridulus), reed (Miscanthussacchariflorus), huge awns (Miscanthusgiganteus), Maxwell grass belongs to (Moliniaaltissima) and millet belongs to (Panicumamarum).
In plant organic filter device, the density of Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant is preferably at 5 ~ 15 strains/square meter, and best mean density is 10 strains/square meter.
For ensureing the good efficiencies of plant organic filter device, according to different abatement of pollution operations, the thickness of organic underlayer is 300 centimetres to 1500 centimetres.
More specifically, in the organic filter device of special disposal sewage or contaminated soil, the thickness of organic underlayer is 300mm to 700mm, and in the air-polluting organic filter device of special disposal, its thickness is 300mm to 1500mm.
Organic underlayer refers to by compost, the compost preferably specified in standard NFU44-051, but the compost of one of feature listed in preferably also possessing Table III below.
Table III
* the definition of various composition please refer to GUIDONG and the VALAT engineering (1988) of La Mangshibo Pood town peat research
Above-mentioned compost is preferably rich in xylogen and fiber, and content of lignin is greater than 30%, as the result observed in golden yellow peat.Insider has known the character of golden yellow peat, can be transformed into Mierocrystalline cellulose and carbon, has so-called fiber quality, and other principal character comprise density low, containing large water gaging and containing little mineral slag charge, because it always very young (2000).At least need compost can obtain material of equal value in 1 to 3 years, preferably at least 2 to 3 years.
The output of non-degradation of contaminant preferably adopts the form of one or more recovery tube, and insider knows these recovery tube.
For ease of discharging leaching thing, the outlet of pollutent is arranged on the drainage layer of organic underlayer, and drainage layer is made up of pebbles or other equivalent drainage material.
In order to ensure the good efficiencies of drainage layer, its thickness is decided to be between 100mm to 1500mm, is preferably between 150mm to 1000mm, if then better between 200mm to 500mm.
Use tightness system that organic filter device of the present invention and ground are isolated, tightness system can infiltrate physical environment by preventing pollution thing.What adopt is that insider knows tightness system.Above-mentioned tightness system preferably adopts ground form membrane.If soil pollution, then the strainer made is not equipped with mulch film, but on existing organic underlayer, be equipped with a simple refilling member on the ground, and organic underlayer has the compost that fibrous matter content is greater than 30%.
Organic filter utensil of the present invention has a ventilation system, and ventilation system is preferably connected with surperficial drainage layer.The irrigation that this ventilation system illustrates in International Patent Application PCT WO2006/030164 kind/dry cycle, when substituting continuously, can improve the efficiency of dry phase.
This ventilation system can adopt the ventilating pit form be connected with plant organic filter device pedestal by pipeline or pipeline.Above-mentioned ventilation system can be connected with the recovery tube be arranged in drainage layer especially.
This ventilation system preferably adopts one end to be connected with organic underlayer, the ventilating pit form that the other end is connected with the recovery tube be arranged in plant organic filter device pedestal drainage layer, realizes connecting by pipeline or pipeline.
According to needing the different properties processing " discharge ", plant organic filter device of the present invention also can be slightly different.So during process gaseous effluent, plant organic filter device of the present invention also will have an irrigation system.
Plant organic filter device of the present invention preferably has one or more and non-degradation of contaminant and exports and the valve that need process pollutent import and be connected, and during process gaseous effluent, may be equipped with an irrigation system.
Different valves can improve the supply and discharge of plant organic filter device of the present invention, particularly irrigation/dry (the aerobic/anaerobic cycle) of stitch technique substitutes, as as described in International Patent Application PCT WO2006/030164, thus optimize rhizospheric microorganism to the degraded of pollutent.
These valves preferably can organize the irrigation of plant organic filter device/dry cycle according to the pollution that need process.
If these valves can be irrigated according to the proportional distribution of 2/1 to 1/50/are dried up the cycle, preferably 1/1 to 1/20, such as 1/2 to 1/20, particularly just better by the proportional distribution of 1/3 to 1/20.
According to a kind of special manufacture method, plant organic filter device of the present invention is for trapping pollutent, and particularly metal pollutant, so the compost used adopts the plant debris of mineralising process in advance, lists the feature that they have in Table IV below.
Table IV
Composition Ratio
Organism >50%
Drying regime >30%
PT 5-10%
Potassium 5-10%
Calcium 5-10%
Magnesium 5-10%
Proportion of fibers >40%
Density 0.2-0.4
Organic slag charge ratio <6%
Carbon/nitrogen ratio ≥30
Or brown peat can be used can to obtain these features easily by plant debris compost at least 3 years.
In fact, contriver can prove efficiency, particularly demonstrates the efficiency that brown peat fixes heavy metal.This peat changes by Woody plant remains (various trees) and Ericaceae remains, and by mixing the fibrous of more very thin element, fiber, from the deeper degraded of plant, gives its meson quality.Its (5000) is more older than golden yellow peat.
Use this special shape of plant organic filter device, contriver can prove to be fixed on peat particle by metallic element by peat/root interface.More specifically, he can prove that the zinc (starting point concentration is 1mmol/l) of 90% was absorbed by brown peat in 10 minutes.The time penetrating into delivery pipe of water is enough to zinc to be fixed on peat.Therefore can realize reclaiming, then utilize some pollutent, as raw material.To being subject to copper (Cu 2+) research carried out of contaminated land shows to exist the metallic copper (Cu) of polymer forms, but do not have in leaching thing.Therefore we think that the microorganism of root and/or the biological activity of root itself can reduce the successive polymerization effect of the organic copper of metallic forms and the copper atom of particle form; This reduces and polymerization is a kind of removing toxic substances.
This special shape of plant organic filter device under any circumstance can obtain the pollutent of ultrahigh concentration, and with low cost.The organic moiety of strainer collects pollutent, then can be entered easily appropriate processing enter (bury, burn or, when ore bed enriches, extraction mould can be installed).
The Section 2 content of invention is used to the device of the plant organic filter device of the present invention of at least built-in above-mentioned explanation processing contaminated water, soil or air.
Above-mentioned pollution can be caused by least one pollutent, comprises heavy metal, organochlorine, salt, sulfide, sulphite and composition thereof.
In the first manufacture, device is used for sewage disposal, and this device has two-layer, is called vertically passing filter and horizon-lai filters, and each strainer includes at least one plant organic filter device of the present invention carries out horizontal or vertical filtration respectively.
The quantity preferably more than 4 or 4 of the Individual plant strainer of every layer (being made up of the plant organic filter device of horizontal or vertical filtration respectively), best about 10.This quantity can increase the time of having a rest by the per-cent of working time, and raises the efficiency as far as possible when not adding chemical reaction agent.
Device also can be equipped with the device of the suspended substance that can be separated in contaminated water and mud in the liquefied room downstream that may arrange.These devices preferably adopt the form of trash rack, water channel and/or precipitation-digestion tank.
If the mud polluted, plant organic filter device typically irrigates/the dry up cycle be 4 hours to some months, preferably 12 hours to 2 months, if about one month just better.
When disposing of sewage, the arrangement in these cycles will be slightly different, irrigate/the dry cycle is arrive some months, preferably 1 to 15 days in 4 hours, if about 1 to 7 days are just better.
This significant movement is considered, if sludge pollution (same to soil), the dilution of kind of not degrading needs the washing time grown very much, and if water pollutions, undegradable kind has become more soluble form, can simplify its leaching in plant organic filter device.
In another kind of manufacture, device is used for gaseous effluent process, and this device has a plant organic filter device at least, and its thickness is at least 30 centimetres; This is the thickness threshold value of vertically filtering wall or filtering top.
Said apparatus also can adopt horizontal filtering or plant organic filter device or " vertically filtering wall " form.
Device also at least has the gaseous effluent import that is positioned at organic underlayer, and has an irrigation system, can carry out Rational Irrigation, and bottom is circulated with water form.
The gaseous effluent that need process also is forced through a plant strainer, and a part of pollutent is degraded by microorganisms.Another part then changes into and dissolves nondegradable form hardly.Remaining pollutent retains in the filter, and then leaching, is then recycled to leaching thing in the vent pipe of filter bottom.
In this case, the irrigation/dry cycle of plant organic filter device will be 2 hours to 24 hours, preferably 5 to 200 minutes, if about 10 minutes just better.
Irrigate/the dry cycle is so short compared with cycle during sewage disposal, is relevant with the discharge of process itself.In fact, passing into air will accelerate the rate of drying of plant organic filter device greatly, and in fact this cause the time of irrigating/drying up the cycle to greatly reduce, thus can obtain surviving and the plant organic filter device that can run.
In the manufacture that another supplements, device is used for processing contaminated soil.
In the case, device is similar with the device being used for processing contaminated mud, but also can have first liquefied room, transforms contaminated soil or " contaminated mud ", thus be convenient to the process of these soil by increasing dry-matter.As before, device also can be equipped with the device of the suspended substance that can be separated in contaminated mud in the downstream of this liquefied room.
Under default situations, also the first liquefied room can be replaced to a plant organic filter device different from plant organic filter device of the present invention, just as previously described, in this plant organic filter device, replace organic underlayer with contaminated soil.Then at the leaching thing that this plant organic filter device of the two-layer interior process of continuous print produces, this is two-layer is called as vertically passing filter and horizon-lai filters, and every layer at least has a plant organic filter device of the present invention, carries out vertical and horizontal filtering respectively.
For such contaminated soil treatment unit, the irrigation/dry cycle of plant organic filter device will be arrive some months, preferably 12 hours to 2 months in 4 hours, if about 1 month just better.
In the best manufacture of device of the present invention, use the irrigation of closed circuit, with water saving.
In another best manufacture of device of the present invention, device also has at least one plant organic filter device, and compost is wherein brown peat, and is used for trapping pollutent, particularly metal pollutant.
Section 3 content of the present invention is the treatment process of a kind of contaminated water, soil and air, comprises as described above, and contaminated water, soil and air are introduced this device.
This treatment process is preferably used in capturing carbon dioxide, and the capture rate of its carbonic acid gas, higher than 10% of input fluid, preferably reaches 10 to 35%.
When organic filter device uses brown peat to carry out compost, above-mentioned treatment process is preferably used in trap heavy metals, and its reduced rate is greater than 90% of input fluid, preferably especially from copper, lead, zinc and aluminium, selects heavy metal.
Section 4 content of the present invention uses the treatment unit of above-mentioned explanation to carry out capturing carbon dioxide, and the capture rate of its carbonic acid gas, higher than 10% of input fluid, preferably reaches 10 to 35%.
Such use preferably relies on a kind for the treatment of unit based on brown peat described before, that be used for trap heavy metals, and its reduced rate is greater than 90% of input fluid, preferably especially from copper, lead, zinc and aluminium, selects heavy metal.
Further feature of the present invention will be described in the following example, these examples do not form any restriction of the present invention.
Example
1. gaseous effluent treatment unit example
Fig. 6 depicts the structure of the vertical organic filter device of filtering gas discharge, and its flow is 8000Nm3/h.
This vertical organic filter device is arranged along wall (19), is isolated by mulch film (20).The import of gaseous effluent is connected with ventilation pipe network (13), gaseous effluent can be imported kind of the organic underlayer (4) having Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant (6).Vacuum (22) is kept, to ensure correctly to distribute discharge between ventilation pipe network (13) and organic underlayer (4).Enter for preventing gaseous effluent and organic underlayer is dried up, have one to irrigate network (15) and flow through organic underlayer (4).Equally, in order to maintain organic underlayer (4), organic underlayer leans against on the framework (21) of gabion type, and framework is then sealed within the walls (19).
The performance of Fig. 6 device is described in Table V below:
Table V
VOC: volatile organic compounds; PM10:10 μm or following particle
Fig. 5 depicts the structure of the another kind of organic filter device of process gaseous effluent, and wherein gaseous effluent enters filter base by import (10), uses mulch film (2) strainer and ground to be isolated.The pedestal of this organic filter device has floor support (18), and discharge import (10) is through these strut members, and one piece of grillflooring (17) then leans against on strut member.On this block grillflooring (17), being drainage layer (5) successively, is then the organic underlayer (4) that special kind has Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant (6).Gaseous effluent is through import through drainage layer, and then through organic underlayer, and degrade there, some gaseous effluent also can accumulate at organic underlayer.An irrigation system (15) can realize at strainer place irrigating the/dry cycle, discharges the pollutent (16) for degraded to carry out supplementing process in other strainer simultaneously.
2. wastewater treatment equipment example
Fig. 1 depicts the structure of the device that can process organic substance contained in waste water.This device has two continuous print organic filter devices, and wherein first is vertical filtration, and second is horizontal filtering.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 represent two kinds of organic filter device may structures, the discharge that wherein wastewater inlet (1) need process imports filter base, use mulch film (2) by strainer and ground every.Then, wastewater effluent is before entering drainage layer (5), with minimum altitude (8) through being then the organic underlayer (4) that special kind has Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant (6), drainage layer can increase one deck intermediate filter layer (13), comprising sand or little gravel especially.In all cases, strainer has the organic underlayer (9) of minimum thickness.For ensureing that pollutent can correctly be degraded through strainer, using collection tube (3) to ensure leg space ventilation, and ensureing the overdraught (7) between drainage layer and organic underlayer.
Wastewater effluent through processing after inflow Fig. 1 illustrates the first two organic filter device of device enters through import (10) has anti-drowning in the pond of step (11) and oxygenous waterplant (11).This pond becomes the water source, top of downstream catcher/filter by water shoot (3), and water shoot yet forms both the ventilation hole between twice filling in pond.Therefore, the discharge of anticipating is transported to kind of the organic underlayer (4) having the catcher/filter in Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant (6) by this water shoot (3).In the end degraded and the accumulation in this strainer of last pollutent.
The performance of this device at two different factory's build-in tests, and be illustrated in Table VI below and Table VII.
Table VI
MES: suspended substance; COD: chemical oxygen demand (COD); BOD5: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD); MO: organic substance; NTK: nitrogen
Table VII
3. contaminated soil treatment unit example
Fig. 4 depicts the structure of the device that can process organic substance contained in contaminated soil or mud.
This device has the entrance (1) of a contaminated soil or mud, and the discharge that need process imports organic strainer, uses mulch film (2) strainer and ground to be isolated.Therefore, the liquid level of organic filter device (14) increases gradually, same Europe or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant (6) is also corresponding increases.In addition, also can select these stalk stem plants, make its ripe height (8) be greater than 1.2m.Irrigation filter can be carried out by the liquid of discharge or extra irrigation system, now the pollutent of discharge is entering gradually through organic underlayer (4) before drainage layer (5), in drainage layer, they are placed in water shoot (10), and leaching thing can be entered catcher/filter by water shoot.For ensureing that pollutent can correctly be degraded through strainer, using collection tube (3) to ensure leg space ventilation, and ensureing the overdraught (7) between drainage layer and organic underlayer.
The drainage layer (5) of the leaching thing arrival catcher/filter of catcher/filter is entered through water shoot (10), and rise gradually, enter thickness correct (9) and plant the special organic underlayer (5) having Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant (6), also can select these stalk stem plants, make its ripe height (8) be greater than 1.2m.
The performance of this device is described in Table VIII below:
Table VIII
Input Export concentration Efficiency
Parameter mg/l mg/l %
pH 7.5 7.0
MS 8354 36 99.6%
MES 7241 25 99.7%
COD 6055 200 96.7%
BOD 1910 40 97.9%
Organic carbon 2640 360 86.4%
NTK 211 0.5 99.8%
NH 4 11.4 0.08 99.3%
Add up to P 37 8 78.4%

Claims (15)

1., for the treatment of a plant organic filter device for pollutent, it has:
The import of a need process pollutent;
The outlet of a non-degradation of contaminant;
Insert the device of filtration and decontamination between pollutent import and outlet, it is characterized in that the device of above-mentioned filtration and decontamination adopts following form:
By 10-20% polymer, more than 30% the organic underlayer that forms of vegetable fibre, 20-40% compost; Vegetable fibre is wooden; Compost contain more than 30% wooden, the percentage composition sum of each component equals 100%;
Organic underlayer is planted and has Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant,
Wherein above-mentioned plant organic filter device is used for trapping metals pollutent, above-mentioned compost is the plant debris of mineralising process in advance, and described compost contains the organism being greater than 50%, the PT of 5-10%, the potassium of 5-10%, the calcium of 5-10%, the magnesium of 5-10%, is greater than the proportion of fibers of 40%, the part being wherein greater than 30% is drying regime, density is 0.2-0.4, and organic slag charge ratio is less than 6%, and has the carbon/nitrogen ratio of more than 30.
2. plant organic filter device according to claim 1, is characterized in that from pozzuolana, flint and quartz sand, select the above-mentioned soluble polymer with irregular surface.
3. plant organic filter device according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that selecting lignocellulose plant fibre from lower group: bagasse, cocoa pericarp, leaf of Fortune Windmillpalm, bark.
4. plant organic filter device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that selecting above-mentioned Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant lesdites Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant from lower group of plant: calamus (AcorusCalamus), Herba Kalimeridis grass (Amnophilaarenaria), Mauritania grass (Ampelodesmosmauritanicu) s, Jie Shi bluestem grass (Andropogongerardii), giantreed (Arundodonaxsensu), awnless brome (Bromusinermis), alfa (Calamagrostisacutiflora), wild blue or green thatch (Calamagrostisarundinacea), not Roche tongue (Carexmorrowi) i, great Ye sedge (Carexpendula), littlely expect grass (Chasmanthiumlatifolium), Chionochloa conspicua (Chionochloaconspicua), Qiu Zhu (Chusqueaculeou), taro (Colocasiaesculenta), sward (Cortaderiafulvida), the stem or leaf of cattail belongs to (Cortaderiarichardi), Cortaderia selloana (Cortaderiaselloana), lemongrass (Cymbopogoncitratus), Cyperus (Cyperusensiatus), bur common vetch (Cyperusgiganteus), Soviet Union is according to storehouse, ground non-(Cyperuslongus), papyrus (Cyperuspapyrus), hairgrass (Deschampsiacespitosa), ring pine (Elegiacapensis), Radix Scorzonerae Albicaulis (Equisetumamericanum), scouring rush (Equisetumhyemale), water horsetail (Equisetumfluviatile), large scouring rush (Equisetummaximum), legendary god of farming's arrow bamboo (Fargesiamurielae), Fargesia nitida (Fargesianitida), the sweet thatch of water (Glyceriamaxima), brocade bamboo (Hibanobambusatranquillans), arrow shaft bamboo (Indocalamussolidus), indocalamus (Indocalamustessellatus), short sharp Rush (Juncusacutus), Rush (Juncuseffusus), leymus (Leymusarenarius), Chinese silvergrass and mutation (Miscanthussinensisetvar.) thereof, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli (Miscanthusfloridulus), reed (Miscanthussacchariflorus), huge awns (Miscanthusgiganteus), Maxwell grass belongs to (Moliniaaltissima), Maxwell grass belongs to (Moliniaarundinacea), peat bog grass (Moliniacaerulea), switchgrass (Panicumvirgatum), millet belongs to (Panicumrigidulum), sudd (Papyruspapyrus), Pennisetum and mutation (Pennisetumetvar.) thereof, snipe grass (Phalarisarundinacea), spot thatch (Saccharumarundinaceum), sugarcane (Saccharumofficinarum), husky raw Ravenna grass (Saccharumravennae), California Scirpus tabernaemontani (Schoenoplectuscalifornicus), Scirpus tabernaemontani (Schoenoplectustabernaemontanis), natural pond unboiled water green onion (Scirpuslacustris), Shi Mao (Sorghumhalepeus), spartina alterniflora loisel (Spartinaalterniflora), large oily awns (Sponiopogonsibiricus), needle Rhizoma Imperatae (Stipacalamagrostis), Stem of Lovely Achnatherum (Stipasplendens), typha minima (Typhaminima), rice-pudding leaf reed (Thysanolaenalatifolia), aquatic wild rice (Zizaniaaquatica), wild rice stem bamboo shoot (Zizanialatifolia) and natural pond raw wild rice (Zizaniapalustris), Ge Lisilan Sinobambusa (Greslaniarivularis), the crisp bar algae (Flagellariasp.) of Ge Lisilan Sinobambusa, bilimbate seta Fischer grass (Scirpussubulatus), Rhizome of Wild Sweetcane (Sacharumspontaneum), dead ears bluestem grass (Andropoganleucostachyus), Alocasia ordora (Colocasigigantea), the huge water arum of Madagascar (Typhonodorumlindlleyanum), dredge fringe nutgrass flatsedge (Cyperusdistans), Heliconias belongs to (Heliconialatisphana), salon's venezuela heliconia (Heliconiastricta) and Herba Trigonellae Ruthenicae (Medicagosativa).
5. plant organic filter device according to claim 4, is characterized in that having at least two kinds of different Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant.
6. plant organic filter device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that above-mentioned compost is rich in xylogen, its content of lignin is greater than 30%.
7. plant organic filter device according to claim 1, is characterized in that above-mentioned compost is brown peat.
8. plant organic filter device according to claim 1, is characterized in that above-mentioned plant organic filter device is used for not having mulch film when processing contaminated soil and manufacture.
9. for the treatment of the device of an at least built-in plant organic filter device according to any one of claim 1 to 7 of contaminated water, soil or air.
10. treatment unit according to claim 9, is characterized in that at least having a plant organic filter device being used for trapping pollutent according to claim 7.
The treatment process of 11. 1 kinds of contaminated water, soil and air, comprises the device of contaminated water, soil and air introducing according to any claim 9 or 10.
12. treatment process according to claim 11, is characterized in that for capturing carbon dioxide, and the capture rate of its carbonic acid gas is higher than 10% of inlet flow.
13. treatment process according to claim 11, it is characterized in that having a plant organic filter device according to claim 7 and be used for trap heavy metals, its reduced rate is greater than 90% of input fluid.
14. use the device according to any one of claim 9 or 10 to carry out the method for capturing carbon dioxide, and the capture rate of its carbonic acid gas is higher than 10% of inlet flow.
15. use treatment unit according to claim 10 to carry out the method for trap heavy metals, and its reduced rate is greater than 90% of input fluid.
CN201080059944.6A 2009-12-31 2010-12-29 Kind for the treatment of contaminated water, soil or air is implanted with the organic filter device of Europe and/or the torrid zone/desert stalk stem plant Active CN102712513B (en)

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FR0906430A FR2954762B1 (en) 2009-12-31 2009-12-31 ORGANIC FILTER PLANT WITH EUROPEAN AND / OR TROPICAL / DESERTICAL CANNES FOR THE TREATMENT OF POLLUTED WATER, SOIL OR AIR
FR09/06430 2009-12-31
PCT/IB2010/003363 WO2011080578A1 (en) 2009-12-31 2010-12-29 Organic filter planted with european and/or tropical desertic canes for the treatment of polluted water, soil or air

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