CN112514742A

CN112514742A - Saline-alkali soil vegetation recovery structure and recovery method

Info

Publication number: CN112514742A
Application number: CN202011284907.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张波
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-11-17
Filing date: 2020-11-17
Publication date: 2021-03-19

Abstract

The invention relates to a saline-alkali soil vegetation recovery structure and a recovery method, the structure comprises a plurality of drainage ditches dug on the saline-alkali soil, a saline-alkali pressing layer arranged on the saline-alkali soil between two adjacent drainage ditches, a saline-alkali soil layer laid on the saline-alkali pressing layer and a plurality of repair grooves dug on the saline-alkali soil layer, saline-alkali soil improvement matrix for planting saline-alkali tolerant herbaceous plants is filled in the repair grooves, the saline-alkali soil layer is formed by piling saline-alkali original soil dug in the drainage ditches on the saline-alkali pressing layer, and the middle part of the saline-alkali soil layer is higher than the side part of the saline-alkali soil layer connected with the drainage ditches. The method can effectively reduce the salt content in the saline-alkali soil, create a favorable living space for vegetation growth and realize vegetation restoration of the saline-alkali soil by changing the means of pressing a saline-alkali layer by combining terrain, filling a soil improvement matrix in the restoration groove and the like, has wide application range, is convenient and fast to construct, greatly reduces the engineering amount, particularly restores the vegetation of the saline-alkali soil with large area, greatly saves the cost and has wide application prospect.

Description

Saline-alkali soil vegetation recovery structure and recovery method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil treatment, and particularly relates to a saline-alkali soil vegetation restoration structure and a restoration method.

Background

Due to factors such as natural environment and artificial damage, a large amount of soil is polluted by serious salt and alkali, the salinization degree of the soil is gradually increased, and due to the improvement of the content of inorganic salt pollutants such as salt and alkali in the soil, on one hand, the nutritional structure and the geological structure of the soil are seriously damaged, on the other hand, the vegetation is seriously damaged, and even hardened soil is caused in serious conditions, and hard rocks are used, so that the vegetation is almost completely eradicated, and serious ecological environment harm is caused. Aiming at the problem, no efficient treatment method exists at present, the saline-alkali pressing can be carried out only by the traditional land ploughing and repeated vegetation planting, but the working efficiency is low, the treatment effect is relatively poor, and the requirements of actual treatment work and normal production and life cannot be effectively met.

China is a big agricultural country and the world has the most agricultural wastes, the resources of cow dung and various crop straws are very rich, the annual output of cow dung is nearly 30 hundred million tons, and the annual output of straws reaches more than 7 hundred million tons. Along with the solution of rural energy problem, the straw no longer uses as fuel, and the phenomenon that the crop straw is burnt by the concentration is increasingly outstanding in the season of reaping, not only pollutes the environment, still can bring the hidden danger to social public safety. Therefore, the recycling and harmless treatment of agricultural wastes are very important.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an improved saline-alkali soil vegetation restoration structure which has the advantages of convenience in construction, capability of greatly reducing the engineering quantity, cost saving and the like.

The invention provides a method for recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

the utility model provides a saline and alkaline land vegetation recovery structure, saline and alkaline land vegetation recovery structure is including digging many escape canals of establishing on the saline and alkaline land, setting adjacent two pressure saline and alkaline layer on the saline and alkaline land between the escape canal, lay saline and alkaline soil layer on the pressure saline and alkaline layer and dig to establish a plurality of restoration grooves on the saline and alkaline soil layer, the saline and alkaline improvement matrix that is used for planting resistant saline and alkaline herbaceous plant is filled to the restoration inslot, saline and alkaline soil layer by dig out the saline and alkaline former soil heap in the escape canal and establish form on the pressure saline and alkaline layer, the middle part on saline and alkaline soil layer is higher than with the lateral part that the escape canal links to each other.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the plurality of drainage ditches are arranged in parallel, and the height of the saline-alkali soil layer gradually decreases from the middle of the saline-alkali soil layer to the two sides of the saline-alkali soil layer in the direction of the drainage ditches to form a gentle slope type terrain.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the drainage ditches are 2 or 3 or more, the distance between two adjacent drainage ditches is 10-50 m, the width of each drainage ditch is 1-5 m, and the depth of each drainage ditch is 1-3 m.

Preferably, the gradient of the gentle slope type terrain is controlled to be 1-5%.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the repair grooves in each saline-alkali soil layer are arranged in parallel, each repair groove extends along the length direction of the drainage ditch, the distance between two adjacent repair grooves is 0.5-2 m, and the width and the depth of each repair groove are 0.1-0.3 m and 0.2-0.5 m, respectively.

Preferably, the plurality of restoration grooves on each saline-alkali soil layer are distributed in sequence from the middle of the saline-alkali soil layer to the slope bottoms on both sides.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the thickness of the saltpressing base layer is 3-10 cm. Preferably, the thickness of the salt pressing alkali layer is about 5 cm.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the saline-alkali pressing layer comprises a first layer paved on the saline-alkali soil and optionally a second layer positioned between the first layer and the surface of the saline-alkali soil, the first layer comprises porous filler and a porous reticular framework made of biodegradable materials for bearing the porous filler, and the second layer is a straw layer.

The porous filler has the function of adsorbing substances such as metal ions and salts, and preferably, the porous filler is one or more of straw fiber, potassium humate, turfy soil, diatomite, perlite, vermiculite, medical stone, zeolite and activated carbon.

According to some preferred and specific embodiments of the present invention, the saline alkali soil layer may be only the first layer directly laid on the saline alkali soil.

According to other preferred and specific embodiments of the present invention, the saline-alkali soil layer may further include a first layer laid on the saline-alkali soil and a second layer located between the first layer and the surface of the saline-alkali soil, and preferably, the saline-alkali soil layer has a thickness of 5 to 10cm, and the first layer has a thickness of about 3 cm.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the saline-alkali soil vegetation restoration structure further comprises saline-alkali tolerant aquatic plants planted within the drainage trench.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the saline-alkali tolerant aquatic plant is one or more of reed, arundo donax, cattail, lythrata, and allium fistulosum, but is not limited thereto.

According to some embodiment aspects of the invention, the saline-alkali tolerant herbaceous plant is one or more of alfalfa, suaeda salsa, festuca arundinacea, sesbania, sarcandra glabra, and viola yedoensis, but is not limited thereto.

According to another technical scheme, the method for recovering the vegetation in the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:

(1) planning the positions of a plurality of drainage ditches on the saline-alkali land to be treated;

(2) paving a salt and alkali pressing layer on the salt and alkali land between the planned positions of two adjacent drainage ditches;

(3) digging a drainage ditch at the planned position of the drainage ditch, and piling dug saline-alkali original soil on the saline-alkali pressing layer to form a saline-alkali soil layer with a high middle part and a low side part connected with the drainage ditch;

(4) digging a plurality of repair grooves in the saline-alkali soil layer, and enabling the repair grooves to extend along the length direction of the drainage ditch;

(5) filling saline-alkali soil improvement matrix in the repair groove, and broadcasting saline-alkali tolerant herbaceous plant seeds;

(6) saline-alkali tolerant aquatic plants are planted in the drainage ditch to obtain the saline-alkali land vegetation recovery structure.

According to some preferred and specific embodiments of the invention, the method of restoration further comprises the step of pre-treating the saline-alkali soil before planning the location of the drainage ditch.

The pretreatment comprises the steps of cleaning up sundries such as weeds and bricks on the saline-alkali soil, leveling the soil and exposing the surface soil. On one hand, the pretreatment is to remove impurities such as weeds, bricks and the like on the surface of the saline-alkali soil; on the other hand, the saline-alkali soil is clear of soil with more salt on the surface due to obvious salt segregation surface property.

According to some implementation aspects of the invention, in the step (5), the raw material formula of the saline-alkali soil improvement matrix comprises local soil and a soil improvement agent, and the preparation of the soil improvement agent comprises the following steps:

(a) mixing dry livestock manure and straws according to the mass ratio of 2: 1-3: 1, and mechanically crushing;

(b) soaking the crushed material obtained in the step (a) in an acetic acid solution;

(c) and (c) mixing the soaked material obtained in the step (b) with one or more of trace element fertilizer, vermiculite, turfy soil and bentonite to prepare the soil conditioner.

Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

according to the invention, the saline-alkali pressing layer is laid on the flat ground of the saline-alkali soil, so that the construction is convenient and fast while the saline-alkali components in the lower saline-alkali soil are quickly and effectively pressed, the engineering quantity can be greatly reduced, and the cost is saved; saline-alkali soil layers of high and two side lands in the middle are molded above the saline-alkali pressing layer, so that natural rainfall can be fully utilized to drip saline-alkali components into the drainage ditch, the salt content of the soil is reduced, and the vegetation recovery is promoted; the restoration groove can absorb and purify saline and alkaline components which move to the restoration groove along with rainwater leaching step by step, and adverse effects on vegetation caused by the saline and alkaline components in the moving process are greatly reduced; the arrangement of the drainage ditch can effectively discharge the saline alkali components leached into the drainage ditch along with rainwater out of the treatment area. In a word, the invention can effectively reduce the salt content in the saline-alkali soil by changing the terrain (the terrain of the saline-alkali soil layer) and combining the technical means of setting the saline-alkali soil layer, filling the soil improvement matrix in the restoration groove and the like, creates a favorable living space for vegetation growth, realizes vegetation restoration of the saline-alkali soil, has wide application range and convenient construction, can greatly reduce the engineering quantity, can greatly save the cost especially for restoring the vegetation of the large-area saline-alkali soil, and has wide application prospect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a saline-alkali soil vegetation restoration structure according to an embodiment of the invention;

in the figure: 1. saline-alkali soil; 2. a drainage ditch; 3. pressing a salt-alkali layer; 4. a saline alkali soil layer; 5. and repairing the groove.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific examples so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the examples.

The method for recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:

(1) pretreating the saline-alkali soil 1 to be treated, removing impurities such as weeds and bricks on the surface, and leveling the soil to expose the surface soil;

(2) planning the positions of a plurality of parallel drainage ditches 2 on the pretreated saline-alkali soil 1 at intervals of 10-50 m;

(3) paving a salt pressing alkali layer 3 with the thickness of 3-10 cm on the saline-alkali soil 1 between the planned positions of the two adjacent drainage ditches 2;

(4) excavating drainage ditches 2 with the width of 1-5 m and the depth of 1-3 m at the positions of the planned drainage ditches 2, stacking the excavated saline-alkali original soil on a saline-alkali pressing layer 3 to form a saline-alkali soil layer 4 of a gentle slope type terrain with a high middle part and gradually reduced towards the drainage ditches at two sides, and controlling the gradient of the gentle slope type terrain to be 1-5%;

(5) a plurality of parallel restoration grooves 5 with the width of 0.1-0.3 m and the depth of 0.2-0.5 m are dug on the saline-alkali soil layer 4 from the middle part of the saline-alkali soil layer 4 to the slope bottom direction of two sides at intervals of 0.5-2 m, and each restoration groove 5 extends along the length direction of the drainage ditch 2;

(6) filling a saline-alkali soil improvement matrix formed by mixing local soil and a saline-alkali modifier in the repair groove 5, and broadcasting saline-alkali tolerant herbaceous plant seeds;

(7) saline-alkali tolerant aquatic plants are planted in the drainage ditch 2 to obtain a vegetation recovery structure of the saline-alkali soil as shown in figure 1;

(8) and (4) performing daily maintenance, such as watering in drought.

In the step (3), the laid salt and alkali pressing layer 3 is mainly used for preventing salt and alkali components in the soil below the salt and alkali pressing layer 3 from returning salt, so that adverse effects are caused to the soil above, in the present example, the salt and alkali pressing layer 3 is only formed by a first layer laid on the surface of the saline and alkali land 1, the first layer comprises a porous filler and a porous reticular framework made of biodegradable materials for bearing the porous filler, wherein the porous filler has an adsorption effect and can adsorb metal ions, salts and other substances in the soil, and preferably, the porous filler is one or more of straw fiber, potassium humate, turfy soil, diatomite, perlite, vermiculite, medical stone, zeolite and activated carbon; the porous reticular skeleton has air permeability and water permeability, can be gradually degraded along with the time extension by using biodegradable materials, and can not pollute soil, for example, biodegradable porous membranes or biodegradable non-woven fabrics or other biodegradable materials are selected. When in specific laying, the porous reticular framework can be laid firstly, and then the porous filler is laid to form a two-layer structure; or a porous reticular framework layer is paved firstly, then the porous filler is paved, and then the porous reticular framework is paved to form a three-layer structure; or adopting other laying methods to lay more layers of structures; or a bag-shaped framework is adopted, the porous filler is filled in the bag-shaped framework, and then the bag-shaped framework is paved on the saline-alkali soil.

In the step (6), the saline-alkali soil improvement matrix is prepared by mixing local soil and a saline-alkali soil improvement agent according to the mass ratio of 3: 1-5: 1.

In the embodiment, the saline-alkali modifier is prepared by the following steps:

(a) mixing dry livestock manure and straws according to the mass ratio of 2: 1-3: 1, and mechanically crushing to obtain dry crushed materials;

(b) soaking the dry crushed material obtained in the step (a) in an acetic acid solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L for 24 hours, and taking out to obtain a soaked material;

(c) and (c) mixing the soaked material obtained in the step (b) with one or more of trace element fertilizer, vermiculite, turfy soil and bentonite to prepare the soil conditioner particles.

In the step (b), the crushed dry powder is soaked in an acetic acid solution, so that the decomposition of organic matters is facilitated, and the absorption of plants is promoted.

Referring to fig. 1, the saline-alkali soil vegetation recovery structure obtained by the method comprises a plurality of drainage ditches 2 dug in parallel in a saline-alkali soil 1, a saline-alkali pressing layer 3 arranged on the saline-alkali soil 1 between two adjacent drainage ditches 2, a saline-alkali soil layer 4 laid on the saline-alkali pressing layer 3 and a plurality of parallel repair grooves 5 dug in the saline-alkali soil layer 4, wherein the saline-alkali soil layer 4 is formed by digging saline-alkali raw soil in the drainage ditches 2 and laying the saline-alkali raw soil above the saline-alkali pressing layer 3, the height of the saline-alkali soil layer 4 from the middle part to the drainage ditches 2 at two sides of the saline-alkali soil layer 4 is gradually reduced to form a gentle slope type terrain with the gradient of 1-5%, and the repair grooves 5 are filled with an improved substrate for planting saline-alkali tolerant herbaceous.

According to the area of the saline-alkali soil to be treated, 2 or 3 or more drainage ditches 2 can be arranged, the distance between every two adjacent drainage ditches 2 is 10-50 m, the width of each drainage ditch 2 is 1-5 m, and the depth of each drainage ditch 2 is 1-3 m; the plurality of restoration grooves 5 are distributed from the middle part of the saline-alkali soil layer 4 to the slope bottoms on the two sides in sequence, the distance between every two adjacent restoration grooves 5 is 0.5-2 m, the width of each restoration groove 5 is 0.1-0.3 m, and the depth is 0.2-0.5 m.

The saline-alkali tolerant herbaceous plants are selected from one or more of alfalfa, suaeda salsa, common curculigo rhizome, sesbania, sarcandra and philippine violet herb, and the saline-alkali tolerant aquatic plants are selected from one or more of reed, floral leaf reed, cattail, loosestrife and allium mongolicum.

The saline-alkali soil vegetation recovery method has the following advantages when treating saline-alkali soil:

1) through changing topography (the saline-alkali soil layer of gentle slope formula topography) and combining the setting of salt and alkali layer, fill technical means such as soil improvement matrix in the restoration groove, can effectively reduce the salt content in the saline-alkali soil, build favorable living space for vegetation growth.

2) Through laying on the level land and pressing salt alkali layer, when quick effectual suppression salt alkali composition in the saline and alkaline soil of lower floor, it is convenient to be under construction, can reduce the engineering volume by a wide margin, practices thrift the cost.

3) Through moulding the saline and alkaline soil layer of gentle slope formula topography in pressure saline and alkaline layer top, can make full use of nature rainfall drip washing saline and alkaline composition to the escape canal in, reduce soil salinity, promote the vegetation and resume.

4) Through set gradually a plurality of restoration grooves along saline and alkaline soil layer top of a slope to the bottom of a slope, can adsorb step by step, purify and remove to restoration trench position saline and alkaline composition along with the rainwater drip washing, reduce saline and alkaline composition by a wide margin and remove the harmful effects that the in-process vegetation caused.

5) Through setting up the escape canal, can drip washing the saline and alkaline composition effective discharge treatment district to the escape canal along with the rainwater, combine the saline and alkaline aquatic plant of enduring of planting in the escape canal to absorb saline and alkaline effect simultaneously, reach better treatment.

6) By adopting the biodegradable material as the framework of the salt pressing alkali layer, after a certain time, the framework can be biodegraded, new pollution can not be brought to the treated land, and meanwhile, the porous filler can not generate new pollution to the environment of the treated area.

The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a saline and alkaline land vegetation recovery structure which characterized in that: saline and alkaline land vegetation recovery structure is including digging many escape canals of establishing on the saline and alkaline land, setting two adjacent pressure salt alkali layer on the saline and alkaline land between the escape canal, laying pressure saline and alkaline soil layer on the saline and alkaline soil layer and digging and establishing a plurality of restoration grooves on the saline and alkaline soil layer, it packs the saline and alkaline land improvement matrix that is used for planting resistant saline and alkaline herbaceous plant to restore the inslot, saline and alkaline soil layer by dig out the saline and alkaline former soil in the escape canal and pile and establish form on the pressure salt alkali layer, the middle part on saline and alkaline soil layer is higher than saline and alkaline soil layer with the lateral part that the escape canal links to each other.

2. The saline-alkali soil vegetation restoration structure of claim 1, wherein: many escape canal parallel arrangement, saline and alkaline soil layer by its middle part to saline and alkaline soil layer's both sides escape canal direction height reduces gradually and forms the formula topography of slowly sloping.

3. The saline-alkali soil vegetation restoration structure of claim 2, wherein: the escape canal is 2 or 3 or more, two adjacent escape canals are 10~50m apart from each other, and the width of each escape canal is 1~5m, the degree of depth is 1~3 m.

4. The saline-alkali soil vegetation restoration structure of claim 2, wherein: the gradient of the gentle slope type terrain is controlled to be 1-5%.

5. The saline-alkali soil vegetation restoration structure of claim 1, wherein: the plurality of the repair grooves on each saline-alkali soil layer are arranged in parallel, each repair groove extends along the length direction of the drainage ditch, the distance between every two adjacent repair grooves is 0.5-2 m, the width of each repair groove is 0.1-0.3 m, and the depth of each repair groove is 0.2-0.5 m.

6. The saline-alkali soil vegetation restoration structure of claim 1, wherein: the plurality of the repair grooves on each saline-alkali soil layer are distributed from the middle part of the saline-alkali soil layer to the slope bottoms on two sides in sequence.

7. The saline-alkali soil vegetation restoration structure of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of pressing salt alkali layer is 3~10cm, press salt alkali layer including lay first layer on the saline and alkaline land with optionally be located second layer between first layer and the saline and alkaline ground surface, first layer includes porous filler and is used for bearing porous netted skeleton of the biodegradable material of porous filler, porous filler is one or several kinds among straw fiber, potassium humate, turfy soil, diatomaceous earth, pearlite, vermiculite, medical stone, zeolite, active carbon, the second layer is the straw layer.

8. The saline-alkali soil vegetation restoration structure of claim 1, wherein: saline and alkaline land vegetation recovery structure still including planting be in resistant saline and alkaline aquatic plant in the escape canal, resistant saline and alkaline aquatic plant is one kind or several kinds in reed, floral leaf bamboo reed, cattail, loosestrife, the allium mongolicum regel, resistant saline and alkaline herbaceous plant is alfalfa, suaeda glauca, soda grass, sesbania, shazhuan, one kind or several kinds in the viola yedoensis.

9. A method for recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(6) saline-alkali tolerant aquatic plants are planted in the drainage ditches to obtain the saline-alkali land vegetation recovery structure of any one of claims 1-8.

10. The method of claim 9 for recovering vegetation in saline and alkaline land, wherein: in the step (5), the raw material formula of the saline-alkali soil improvement matrix comprises local soil and a soil improvement agent, and the preparation of the soil improvement agent comprises the following steps: