CN104550224A - Method for removing lead from contaminated soil by virtue of taro leaf or achyranthes bidentata leaching - Google Patents
Method for removing lead from contaminated soil by virtue of taro leaf or achyranthes bidentata leaching Download PDFInfo
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- CN104550224A CN104550224A CN201410818526.0A CN201410818526A CN104550224A CN 104550224 A CN104550224 A CN 104550224A CN 201410818526 A CN201410818526 A CN 201410818526A CN 104550224 A CN104550224 A CN 104550224A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of remediation of contaminated soil in the environment, and particularly relates to a method for removing lead from contaminated soil by virtue of taro leaf or achyranthes bidentata leaching. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing biomass leachate: washing a biomass material taro leaves with tap water, rinsing the taro leaves with distilled water, air-drying the taro leaves at a naturally-ventilated place, grinding the taro leaves by virtue of a crusher, sieving the taro leaves with a 2mm sieve, adding a proper amount of distilled water, performing oscillatory extraction on the mixed liquor for 12h, and performing filtration to obtain the leachate; (2) leaching the contaminated soil: adding the leachate obtained in step (1) into the lead-contaminated soil, regulating the pH value of the mixed solution to 4.4 to 5.0 by virtue of diluted hydrochloric acid and a sodium hydroxide solution, and performing oscillatory leaching. Achyranthes bidentata can be used instead of the biomass material taro leaves. The method is convenient and simple, an obvious leaching effect on the lead-contaminated soil is played, and secondary contamination to the environment is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the recovery technique field of contaminated soil in environment, in particular a kind of method utilizing taro leaf or root of bidentate achyranthes drip washing to remove lead in contaminated soil.
Background technology
Heavy metal pollution of soil is one of serious environmental problems of facing of the current whole world.Lead is the nonessential nutrient of organism, will produce acute toxicity, cause human body various diseases usually through food chain transmission after its concentration exceedes certain threshold value to biology.Mining, smelting, plating, sewage irrigation, chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals abuse etc. are all main sources of lead contamination, and along with China's industrial and agricultural development and urbanization, heavy metal in soil lead contamination spreads degree also to be deepened gradually.Therefore, the reparation of lead-contaminated soil has become China's problem demanding prompt solution.
At present, heavy-metal contaminated soil mainly adopts physics, chemistry and biological method reparation.Physical method mainly comprises the method for improving the soil, electro reclamation and heat treatment, is applicable to the soil that contaminated area is little, degree is lighter, but for contaminated area is comparatively large and the soil remediation of heavy contamination then shows the defects such as time and effort consuming, destructible soil texture and fertility; Biological prostheticly mainly comprise phytoremediation, animal repairing method and microorganism remediation method, wherein, phytoremediation is planted on contaminated soil by super enriching plant, heavy metal in soil content is reduced by the enrichment of plant, there is the advantage such as economy, environmental protection, but repairing efficiency is longer and efficiency is lower; Chemical remediation technology mainly contains soil washing, solidification-stabilizing method etc., has the advantages such as efficiency is high, easy to operate in practical application.
Soil leaching technology is the one of chemical repair method, and it is the heavy metal effect utilized in eluent and solid phase of soil, forms deliquescent heavy metal ion or metal complex, makes it be transferred in leacheate and then collects leacheate recovery heavy metal.Therefore, suitable eluent is selected to be the key component of Soil leaching technology.At present, the main eluent for Pb in Soil drip washing reparation is inorganic acid, salt, surfactant, chelating agent and organic acid.The inorganic acids such as HCl have the washout rate of 56% to Cadmium in Soil, but are only 35% to the washout rate of Pb in Soil under equal conditions; CaCl
2be applicable to the drip washing of acidity, neutral contaminated soil respectively with the salt such as KCl, but remain in the Cl in soil
-the soil salinization is easily caused to pollute; Plumbously in chelating agent EDTA and surfactant saponin drip washing contaminated soil most effectively reach 68.95%, but there are some researches show the easy spoiled soil structure of EDTA, secondary pollution is caused to soil, and the surfactant use costs such as saponin are higher; Although the part such as citric acid, malic acid low molecular organic acids has higher washout rate to Cadmium in Soil, but the research of the people such as Wang shows, the citric acid of 0.2mol/L and the elution efficiency of malic acid to Pb in Soil lower, only have the clearance of about 50%, and easily cause soil acidification and nutrient loss.Therefore, be badly in need of finding the eluent that a kind of cost is low, pollution-free, elution efficiency is higher.
Biological material is the organic substance renewable or capable of circulation formed by biological agent, has that source is wide, output large and advantages of environment protection.The KCl leaching liquor of watermelon peel powder can remove the cadmium of in contaminated soil 72.35%, shows that biological material has certain potentiality in removal heavy metal in soil.But due to the different in kind of variety classes heavy metal, the drip washing clearance of KCl leaching liquor to Lead In Soil Cadmium in Soil being removed to effectively watermelon peel powder is lower, is difficult to practical implementation.Therefore, screen Pb in Soil neoformation eluent material to have important practical significance.
To sum up, there is the problems such as secondary pollution, with high costs or poor efficiency in prior art, therefore needs to improve, and filters out environmental protection, the drip washing material that with low cost and elution efficiency is high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for above-mentioned technical problem, provide a kind of convenient simple and easy, to the drip washing successful of lead-contaminated soil, and utilize taro leaf or the root of bidentate achyranthes drip washing of secondary pollution will be caused to remove method plumbous in contaminated soil to environment.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:
Utilize taro leaf or root of bidentate achyranthes drip washing to remove a method plumbous in contaminated soil, the method comprises following step:
(1) preparation of biological material leacheate:
Cleaned by biological material taro leaf running water, be placed on gravity-flow ventilation place air-dry with distilled water rinse, use pulverizer by its milled 2mm sieve, add appropriate distilled water, vibration mixed liquor lixiviate 12h refilters, obtained leacheate; In vibration drip washing, the oscillation rate of lixiviate mixed liquor is 180r/min, and the concentration of described leacheate is 30-50g/L.
(2) drip washing of contaminated soil
The leacheate obtained in step (1) is added in the lead-contaminated soil of farmland, regulates after within the scope of mixed solution pH value to 4.4-5.0 with watery hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution and carry out vibration drip washing;
The described biological material taro leaf root of bidentate achyranthes substitutes, and it is identical with the method that lead in contaminated soil is removed in the drip washing of taro leaf that method plumbous in contaminated soil is removed in root of bidentate achyranthes drip washing.
As preferably, be lead-contaminated soil near the Pb-Zn deposits of Hanyuan for examination soil, the content recording this Lead In Soil is 700.42mg/kg.
The volume ratio of described contaminated soil and biological material leacheate is chosen for 1:20.
The present invention select wide material sources and be easy to collect biological material taro leaf or the root of bidentate achyranthes as drip washing material, with low cost, workable, there is stronger replicability; Simultaneously also for the drip washing removal of heavy metal lead contaminated soil develops new biological material.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1), lessivation simple operation of the present invention is simple and easy, to the drip washing successful of lead-contaminated soil.
(2), the distilled water leaching liquor of taro leaf powder promotes comparatively large relative to distilled water itself to removal ability plumbous in contaminated soil, and after three drip washing, the total washout rate of taro leaf leacheate to Pb in Soil of 30g/L and 50g/L concentration reaches 94.19% and 97.74% respectively.
(3) content of the Lead In Soil, after drip washing of the present invention meets national Soil-environmental standard, and the residual lead of leacheate reclaims by methods such as biomass absorbents, and ring waste can reach discharging standards.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described, but do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
1, the preparation of contaminated soil leacheate
Taro leaf, the root of bidentate achyranthes, white clover and watermelon peel are cleaned with running water respectively, is placed on gravity-flow ventilation place with distilled water rinse air-dry, use pulverizer by its milled 2mm sieve.
10g, 20g, 60g and 100g taro leaf powder is joined in 2000ml distilled water separately, to filter after the speed oscillation lixiviate 12h of 180r/min, makes taro leaf powder fully contact mixing with distilled water.Obtained solution taro leaf concentration is the leacheate of 5g/L, 10g/L, 30g/L and 50g/L respectively.The root of bidentate achyranthes, white clover and watermelon peel concentration are that 5g/L, 10g/L, 30g/L are identical with the compound method of taro leaf leacheate with the preparation method of the distilled water lixiviate leacheate of 50g/L.
, contaminated soil drip washing
Press distilled water, distilled water+5g/L taro leaf leacheate, distilled water+10g/L taro leaf leacheate, distilled water+30g/L taro leaf leacheate, distilled water+50g/L taro leaf leacheate respectively; Distilled water+5g/L root of bidentate achyranthes leacheate, distilled water+10g/L root of bidentate achyranthes leacheate, distilled water+30g/L root of bidentate achyranthes leacheate, distilled water+50g/L root of bidentate achyranthes leacheate; Distilled water+5g/L white clover leacheate, distilled water+10g/L white clover leacheate, distilled water+30g/L white clover leacheate, distilled water+50g/L white clover leacheate; Distilled water+5g/L watermelon peel leacheate, distilled water+10g/L watermelon peel leacheate, distilled water+30g/L watermelon peel leacheate, distilled water+50g/L watermelon peel leacheate etc. 17 process drip washing lead-contaminated soil respectively.Each process carries out drip washing to contaminated soil in the following manner: take the contaminated soil 10.000g that lead concentration is 700.42mg/kg, the above-mentioned leacheate prepared is got 200ml at every turn to add in soil, regulate pH of mixed within the scope of 4.4-5.0, with the speed oscillation drip washing 2h of 250r/min with watery hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution again.After drip washing, mixed liquor is left standstill 5min, poured into by upper liquid in centrifuge tube centrifugal, supernatant is poured out to filter and is measured for upper machine, and residual soil continues to add the drip washing of 200ml equivalent leacheate, in triplicate.Waste liquid Heartleaf Houttuynia Herb after drip washing recycles, and concrete processing mode absorbs the research of heavy metal lead see document Heartleaf Houttuynia Herb.(note: during concrete engineering application, can save native liquid separate section, the object of this step of this research use is the statistical error in order to reduce repeatedly washout rate in lessivation, does not participate in practical application.）
Get supernatant, survey lead content (table 1) in leacheate with Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS).
Efficiency plumbous in contaminated soil is removed in the drip washing of table 1 biological material
Note: eluent concentration is the lixiviate concentration of taro leaf, the root of bidentate achyranthes, white clover and watermelon peel; Each process repetition 3 times, in table, data are the mean value repeated for 3 times.
By analysis, along with the increase of the biological material concentration added, the drip washing clearance of lead-contaminated soil is also progressively being increased, particularly in distilled water+30g/L and the process of distilled water+50g/L taro leaf leacheate, the drip washing clearance of lead-contaminated soil can reach 59.19% and 65.23% respectively under the present embodiment condition, after three drip washing, total washout rate can reach 94.19% and 97.74%, and three total washout rates exceed 48.84%, 68.78% and 79.93% and 35.68%, 61.38% and 78.48% than the root of bidentate achyranthes of comparable sodium process, white clover and watermelon peel.In addition, the root of bidentate achyranthes is under the treatment conditions of distilled water+50g/L, and after three drip washing, total washout rate can reach 62.06%, exceeds 25.70% and 42.80% than the white clover under comparable sodium process and watermelon peel.
Embodiment 2:
1, the preparation of taro leaf and root of bidentate achyranthes leacheate
Taro leaf and the root of bidentate achyranthes are cleaned with running water to be respectively placed on gravity-flow ventilation place air-dry, use pulverizer to be ground.
Join in 100L running water separately by 0.5kg, 1kg, 3kg and 5kg taro leaf powder, to use filtered through gauze after the speed oscillation lixiviate 12h of 180r/min, obtained solution taro leaf concentration is the leacheate of 5g/L, 10g/L, 30g/L and 50g/L respectively.Root of bidentate achyranthes concentration is that 5g/L, 10g/L, 30g/L are identical with the compound method of taro leaf leacheate with the preparation method of the running water lixiviate leacheate of 50g/L.
, 500g contaminated soil drip washing
Press running water, running water+5g/L taro leaf leacheate, running water+10g/L taro leaf leacheate, running water+30g/L taro leaf leacheate, running water+50g/L taro leaf leacheate respectively; The process such as running water+5g/L root of bidentate achyranthes leacheate, running water+10g/L root of bidentate achyranthes leacheate, running water+30g/L root of bidentate achyranthes leacheate, running water+50g/L root of bidentate achyranthes leacheate drip washing lead-contaminated soil respectively.
Each process carries out drip washing to contaminated soil in the following manner: take the contaminated soil 500g that lead concentration is 700.42mg/kg, the above-mentioned leacheate prepared is got 10L at every turn to add in soil, regulate pH of mixed within the scope of 4.4-5.0 with concentrated hydrochloric acid and pulverized limestone solution again, vibration drip washing 2h.After drip washing, mixed liquor is left standstill 5min, pour out supernatant etc. to be recycled, residual soil continues to add the drip washing of 10L equivalent leacheate, in triplicate.Waste liquid Heartleaf Houttuynia Herb after drip washing recycles.
Get supernatant, survey lead content (table 2) in leacheate with Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS).Contrast table 1 data are known, close to total washout rate of lead after three drip washing of little soil sample amount under the drip washing clearance of larger soil sample amount lead-contaminated soil and distilled water+30g/L and distilled water+50g/L taro leaf and the process of root of bidentate achyranthes leacheate in running water+30g/L and running water+50g/L taro leaf and the process of root of bidentate achyranthes leacheate.
Efficiency plumbous in contaminated soil is removed in table 2 taro leaf and the drip washing of the root of bidentate achyranthes larger soil sample amount
Note: eluent concentration is the lixiviate concentration of taro leaf and the root of bidentate achyranthes; Each process repetition 3 times, in table, data are the mean value repeated for 3 times.
To sum up, taro leaf and the root of bidentate achyranthes have outstanding effect as biological drip washing material to remediating lead-contaminated soil.
Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or convert, and all these improve and convert the protection domain that all should belong to claims of the present invention.
Embodiment 3:
The preparation method of eluent and the condition in the rinsing step of contaminated soil and embodiment is consistent, only change the volume ratio parameter of wherein contaminated soil and biological material leacheate, the situation of change of test washout rate under different proportion condition, concrete data reference table 3.
The lower four kinds of biological materials of the different native liquor ratio condition of table 3 remove efficiency plumbous in contaminated soil
Note: eluent concentration is the lixiviate concentration of taro leaf, the root of bidentate achyranthes, white clover and watermelon peel; Each process repetition 3 times, in table, data are the mean value repeated for 3 times.
As shown in Table 3, under equal conditions, adopt the eluent that biological material taro leaf, the root of bidentate achyranthes, white clover and watermelon peel are prepared respectively, under same eluent concentration conditions, the volume ratio of contaminated soil and biological material leacheate also plays an important role, can obviously find out, when the volume ratio of contaminated soil and biological material leacheate is 1:20-30, better to the drip washing successful of contaminated soil, but consider from financial cost, the volume ratio of preferred contaminated soil and biological material leacheate is 1:20.
Claims (4)
1. utilize taro leaf or root of bidentate achyranthes drip washing to remove a method plumbous in contaminated soil, it is characterized in that the method comprises following step:
(1) preparation of biological material leacheate:
Cleaned by biological material taro leaf running water, be placed on gravity-flow ventilation place air-dry with distilled water rinse, use pulverizer by its milled 2mm sieve, add appropriate distilled water, vibration mixed liquor lixiviate 12h refilters, obtained leacheate;
(2) drip washing of contaminated soil:
The leacheate obtained in step (1) is added in lead-contaminated soil, regulates after within the scope of mixed solution pH value to 4.4-5.0 with watery hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution and carry out vibration drip washing;
The described biological material taro leaf root of bidentate achyranthes substitutes.
2. the method utilizing taro leaf or root of bidentate achyranthes drip washing to remove lead in contaminated soil according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the concentration of described leacheate is 30-50g/L.
3. the method utilizing taro leaf or root of bidentate achyranthes drip washing to remove lead in contaminated soil according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described vibration drip washing, the oscillation rate of lixiviate mixed liquor is 180r/min.
4. the method utilizing taro leaf or root of bidentate achyranthes drip washing to remove lead in contaminated soil according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the volume ratio of described contaminated soil and biological material leacheate is 1:20.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN104923555A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-09-23 | 四川农业大学 | Method for removing lead and zinc in contaminated soil by leaching with biologic materials |
| CN111408616A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-07-14 | 温州大学 | Method for extracting cadmium from polluted soil by using sargassum fusiforme or sargassum thunbergii |
| CN112251236A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-22 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 | Preparation and application method of plant-derived soil multi-metal eluting agent |
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