CN102712409A - 通过挤压制造的可生物降解的淀粉和纤维包装 - Google Patents
通过挤压制造的可生物降解的淀粉和纤维包装 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了适应环境的和可生物降解的空隙填充颗粒和包装板。该空隙填充颗粒和包装板由可能来自再生纸废弃物的淀粉和纤维素纤维构成。该空隙填充颗粒具有较硬的外壳以及泡沫状的内部。这使得它们在受到挤压时具有弹性,同时能可逆转地压缩,从而对包装里的物品提供保护。本发明的加固包装板也有硬的外壳和泡沫状的内部,并通过多重层压或者瓦楞结构而加固。所述颗粒和板都通过产生外层的挤压工艺并且用泡沫填充内部而制成。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供100%都来源于消费后纸质废弃物的、经过挤压的纸浆和淀粉纤维。其能用于制造瓦楞包装产品以及保护性的空隙填充产品。
背景技术
由于大量的商品在国家内以及国家之间并且在批发和零售行业之间的运输,因而需要使用大量的包装产品。易碎或昂贵的部件往往用瓦楞纸箱运输,瓦楞纸箱的空隙被填充以悬放和衬垫所装产品,从而避免挤压和冲击性损坏。
用于包装的瓦楞纸板由大的高精密瓦楞机生产。纸通过能软化纸纤维的高压蒸汽进行加湿,以使瓦楞的形成以及随后的胶粘变得顺畅。加湿使所述纸上增加了大量的水,在纸板形成后,通过使用热板加压干燥从而去湿。
包装花生形物(peanuts)是一种松散的包装填充材料,其用作运输中的外包装容器的空隙填充材料。所形成的该材料当受压时是联动的,当未受压时,则是自由流动的,该材料大约于1965年由Dow Chemical Corp推出。花生形物最初从100%的纯聚苯乙烯树脂制造,由100%再生聚苯乙烯制造的花生形物自90年代中叶以来就在市面销售。作为运输用空隙填充物的聚苯乙烯填充物的优点是其非常轻(通常为0.17至0.2磅每立方英尺)且易于使用。
瓦楞纸箱包装、空隙填充物以及类似的产品在包材供应公司有售,这些公司如Shipping Supplies,Chicago IL;Geami,MorrsvilleNC;Robins Paper Bag Co.Ltd.,Canterbury,Kent(英国);Nobisco Ltd,Birmingham(英国);PilloPak B V,Eerbeek(荷兰),Wholesale PackagingLtd,Toronto(加拿大);Doverco Inc,Montreal(加拿大)以及LionShipping Supplies Canada Inc,Mississauga(加拿大)。
旧瓦楞包装容器理论上适合回收利用。然而在废料中的外来物质必须筛选出来:特别是会堵塞造纸机以及会污染循环利用的纸的软橡胶颗粒。这些污染物可能来源于书的封面、热熔胶、纸标签上的PSA粘合剂以及层压粘合剂。泡沫聚苯乙烯花生形物寿命非常长——当其不能再用于包装时,其必须以与其他聚苯乙烯产品相同的方式回收利用。
因此,要求外部包装以及空隙填充产品两者都是可生物降解的且是环境友好的。
附图说明
图1是本发明的挤压包装颗粒的各种形状的图示,该颗粒包括纸浆和淀粉(深灰色)的硬化外表面,填充有仅由淀粉(浅灰色)制成的泡沫。
该颗粒通过两个挤压工艺步骤制成。
图2显示了本发明另一实施方式,其中硬化的外表面和内部的泡沫均是纸浆和淀粉的组合,其通过单个挤压工艺步骤制成。
图3显示了本发明的两种加固的可生物降解的纸板。图3A中,该纸板包含刚性的顶部和底部表面以及瓦楞形的内部(深灰色),其与泡沫淀粉相互包裹(浅灰色)。在图3(B)中,内部不是瓦楞形,剖面显示由纸浆和淀粉管形成的开放的空间。两种纸板均以跨制造过程中所用的挤压方向的横截面显示。
具体实施方式
本发明提供与目前市场上已有的产品类似的、能满足包装供应商的需求的、具有新的组分的空隙填充颗粒和包装板。本发明的材料由于其能有效地生物降解并且与环境兼容,因而与之前的材料相比,具有显著的进步。它们能以相对适中的成本进行生产,并且对于本领域技术人员来说具有很多重要的属性。
本发明的空隙填充颗粒具有较硬的外壳以及泡沫状的内部,这使得它们在受到挤压时具有弹性,同时能可逆转地压缩,从而对包装里的物品提供保护。本发明的加固包装板也有硬的外壳和泡沫状的内部,并通过多重层压或者瓦楞结构而加固,这将在下文阐述。
所述颗粒和板都通过挤压工艺制备,该挤压工艺产生外层并且同时或者连续地用泡沫填充内部。
起始材料
本发明的包装板和空隙填充物通过纤维素纤维和淀粉的组合而制成。
作为纤维内含物的合适的纤维包括人造纤维聚合物,如聚酰胺尼龙、聚酯、酚醛、聚乙烯醇纤维、聚氯乙烯纤维、聚烯烃、腈纶纤维、碳纤维、聚氨酯和其他树脂基纤维。优选纤维素纤维,其为绿色植物初生细胞壁和结缔组织的自然结构成分。所有植物物质的约33%为纤维素。在工业上,纤维素可以从木浆和棉花中提取(棉花中的纤维素含量是90%,而木浆中是50%)。
特别地,纤维素纤维被提供作为本发明的材料的起始组分纸浆。这涉及通过化学或机械方法从木材或纤维农作物中分离纤维进而制备纤维材料。机械纸浆、化学热机械(chemithermomechanical)纸浆、通过Kraft工艺或者通过亚硫酸盐处理而制得的化学纸浆以及从工业和消费废弃物中回收利用的纸浆都包含在内。
用于附图中所示的示例中的纸浆源材料是通过在温水池中击打回收的纸,并且接着使用搅拌机将纤维分散开这样的方法制备的。
淀粉是多糖碳水化合物,其由通过糖苷键连接在一起的葡萄糖单体组成。淀粉可以由作为能量库的所有绿色植物生产。纯淀粉是白色的,其由线性直链淀粉、螺旋直链淀粉、分支支链淀粉或这些淀粉的任何组合物组成。根据植物来源的不同,淀粉一般含有20%至25%的直链淀粉和75%至80%支链淀粉。每个植物物种具有独特的淀粉颗粒大小:大米淀粉相对较小(约2微米),马铃薯淀粉颗粒较大(可达100微米)。
用于本发明中的合适的淀粉源为工业玉米淀粉。这可以从现在归Akzo Nobel N V所有的National Starch and Chemical Company(NACAN),Brampton,Ontario获取。他们提供湿部淀粉添加剂,以提高在酸性、中性或碱性纸和纸板生产过程中的淀粉强度和生产力,并且提供表面淀粉强度和印刷适性添加剂用于诸如无涂层的办公用纸、食品包装用纸和无涂层的书纸等的纸和纸板。
还可以使用一些改性的淀粉。下面所列的改性淀粉通过由食品添加剂国际编码系统(International Numbering System for Food Additives)(INS)所建立的系统进行分类:
1401酸处理淀粉
1402碱处理淀粉
1403漂白淀粉
1404氧化淀粉
1405酶处理淀粉
1410单淀粉磷酸酯
1411双淀粉甘油
1412三偏磷酸钠酯化的二淀粉磷酸酯
1413磷酸化双淀粉磷酸酯
1414乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯
1420醋酸酐酯化的淀粉醋酸酯
1421醋酸乙烯酯化的淀粉醋酸酯
1422乙酰化二淀粉己二酸酯
1423乙酰化二淀粉甘油
1440羟丙基淀粉
1442羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯
1443羟丙基二淀粉甘油
1450辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠
其他材料,可根据需要用于纸浆浆料中或者在工艺过程中使用:例如一种或多种表面活性剂、强化剂、粘合剂、分散剂,亲-或抗-微生物剂等。然而,这些成分往往是没有必要的,在这些情况下,它们可以被排除在外,以促进产品的亲-环境状况。
制造过程
本发明的包装纸板和空隙填充物通过挤压法制得。
纤维素或其他纤维与淀粉的悬浮液或者浆液最先在液体介质(通常为水)中以约2∶1-10∶1的比例制备,具体比例取决于所需的硬度,通常为约3∶1。然后通过离心法将水分去除,从而将浆液浓缩到合适的浓度。挤压法的另一个优点是其中的压力能起到糊化淀粉的效果。
为了形成如图1所示的包装颗粒的横截面,浓缩的浆液通过具有期望横截面的模具的推拉,形成具有极好的表面成形的完工部件。在两步挤压法中,刚性壳首先通过淀粉和纤维的组合形成,让水分通过排气从浆液中排除。然后,将纯的但浓度较低的淀粉水悬浮液注入所述壳内部的空间并对该产品进行第二步的挤压。在挤压材料的同时,将其加热至大气沸腾温度(约300°F)以上,其由于压力保留在液体状态。当材料从模具出来后,与大气压强重新平衡,使得悬浮物中的水分得以蒸发。这同时造成发泡和干燥,从而导致外壳(图中深灰色部分)中的整个内部填充有发泡的淀粉(浅灰色部分)。在诸如O型、8字形、三角形和星形的一些挤压中,有一个或多个沿着挤压长度方向延伸的内部空隙空间,该空间由具有与外壳相同材料的内壁形成。
图2描绘了可替代的方法。除了外壳和内部的泡沫均是由纤维和淀粉的组合构成之外,过程是类似的。通过在约300°F进行挤压工艺步骤,在基本同一步骤中生成该外壳和内部的泡沫。
连续的挤压工艺步骤将产生通常对于空隙填充包装的目的来说太长的片材。因此,在制造期间通过使用半连续工艺或通过使用连续挤压工艺步骤的产品并将其切割成合适尺寸来得到1cm到10cm之间的片材。可选地,该切割的片材的末端覆盖有纤维和淀粉的外壳或其他合适材料的外壳。
如图3所示,本发明的加固的包装板也由挤压工艺步骤制成。图3(A)所示为在正交于制模维度的板的正截面。该挤压工艺步骤制模形成壳的顶部和底部,以及提供该加固的内部瓦楞层(图中深灰色所示)。将在大气沸腾温度之上(约300°F)的第二挤压工艺步骤与淀粉溶液一起使用,以生产出现在该壳顶部和底部之间的瓦楞间隙中的泡沫的淀粉填充物。在图3(B)中,使用具有不同制模的类似过程,产生通过多个内部柱状壳将柱状空隙与该泡沫包装分隔的内部结构。
通过改变纤维和淀粉的比率,通过将淀粉的植物源变为具有不同特性的植物源,以及通过调整不同部件的形状:如外壳和内壳的厚度以及内部发泡的程度等能调整本发明材料的缓冲特性、弹性和日常耐久性以适合使用者的目的。
应用
在制造完成后,本发明的材料能以与常用包装材料相同的方式投入服务。本发明加固的包装板可预切割或折叠成箱或其他适合包装和装货的容器。对于装载重的,易碎的或不常见形状的物品,可以悬挂底部以及用空隙填充颗粒围绕,以防止内部物品在运输过程中移动,并且缓冲撞击损坏。本发明的材料可用于坚固并且可生物降解的板材和颗粒所适用的其他场所。例如,该可生物降解板材能用于临时标牌(使用环保植物性油墨),或在住房紧急过去后易于处理的救灾住房的一些情况下。
本发明的材料设计为“可生物降解的”,这意味着当暴露在户外的自然环境下尤其是水时,该材料易于降解。水将很快移除淀粉,留下非压缩形式的纤维。这能发生在水中暴露的几天或几周内。当纤维是由也是天然产品的纤维素构成时,其本质上与由植物构成的纤维素一样,并且通过相同的过程降解。因为空隙是由盐的流失造成的,所以降解是快速的。因此,使用者能简单的将材料放到水贮槽中或把它们铺在草坪上,那么在仅一个主要降水事件后该材料将会消失成不可见颗粒,通常在一月内或更少时间内完成。使用者要小心通过检查当地规程并从一个小的测试样品开始以确保该材料放置位置的相容性,以防止附近有对降解的任何成分或副产物特别敏感的植物、动物或其他环境特征。
本披露的材料能在不脱离本发明下述权利要求精神的前提下通过常规优化有效地修改。
Claims (20)
1.一种用作包装填隙料的生物降解颗粒,其主要由纤维素纤维和淀粉组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生物降解颗粒,其包括坚固成形的外表面和泡沫状的内部。
3.根据权利要求2所述的生物降解颗粒,其中所述坚固的外表面由纤维素纤维和淀粉制成,且所述内部由发泡淀粉制成。
4.根据权利要求2所述的生物降解颗粒,其中所述坚固的外表面和所述泡沫状的内部均由纤维与淀粉制成。
5.根据权利要求1-4所述的生物降解颗粒,其进一步包括一个或更多内部间隙,该内部间隙衬有由纤维素纤维与淀粉制成的坚固表面。
6.根据前面任一项权利要求所述的生物降解颗粒,其中所述纤维素纤维获取自再生纸废弃物制成的纸浆。
7.根据前面任一项权利要求所述的生物降解颗粒,其按照图1所示任何图示成形。
8.一种生产根据前面任一项权利要求所述生物降解颗粒的方法,其包括将纤维与淀粉的悬浮体挤压通过按照所述生物降解颗粒的外形成形的模具。
9.一种生产根据权利要求3所述生物降解颗粒的方法,其包括将纤维和淀粉的悬浮体挤压通过模具形成所述外表面,并接着用发泡淀粉填充所述内部。
10.一种生产根据权利要求4所述生物降解颗粒的方法,其包括将纤维和淀粉的悬浮体挤压通过模具以便在单个步骤中形成所述外表面和所述泡沫状的内部。
11.用于包装的生物降解多层板,其主要由纤维素纤维和淀粉组成。
12.根据权利要求11所述的生物降解板,其包括坚固成形的外表面和泡沫状的内部。
13.根据权利要求12所述的生物降解板,其中所述坚固的外表面由纤维素纤维和淀粉制成,且所述内部由发泡淀粉制成。
14.根据权利要求11-13所述的生物降解板,其包括由纤维素纤维和淀粉制成的瓦楞状内部加固物。
15.根据权利要求11-13所述的生物降解板,其包括由纤维素纤维和淀粉制成的内部加固物,其形成贯通所述生物降解板的柱状空隙。
16.一种生产根据权利要求11-15所述生物降解板的方法,其包括将纤维和淀粉的悬浮体挤压通过模具形成上表面与下表面,并接着用发泡淀粉填充所述上表面与下表面中间的间隙。
17.一种包装物品的方法,其包括将所述物品用根据权利要求11-16的生物降解板装盒。
18.一种在装货期间保护物品避免可能损坏的方法,其包括使用根据权利1-7所述的生物降解填隙颗粒包装所述物品。
19.一种为装运准备物品的方法,其包括将所述物品用根据权利要求17的生物降解板装盒,并使用根据权利要求18所述的填隙颗粒保护所述物品避免可能的损坏。
20.一种处理根据权利要求1-7所述填隙颗粒或根据权利要求11-16所述包装板的方法,其包括将所述填隙颗粒或包装板放置在将被基本上暴露于潮湿的地方。
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CA2670216A CA2670216A1 (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2009-06-22 | Biodegradable packaging of starch and fiber made by extrusion |
CA2,670,216 | 2009-06-22 | ||
PCT/CA2010/000949 WO2010148489A1 (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2010-06-22 | Biodegradable packaging of starch and fiber made by extrusion |
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CN2010800374086A Pending CN102712409A (zh) | 2009-06-22 | 2010-06-22 | 通过挤压制造的可生物降解的淀粉和纤维包装 |
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US (1) | US20120097067A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102712409A (zh) |
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CA2670216A1 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
WO2010148489A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
US20120097067A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
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