CN102686788A - 增强的轻型防弹材料 - Google Patents

增强的轻型防弹材料 Download PDF

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CN102686788A
CN102686788A CN2010800599874A CN201080059987A CN102686788A CN 102686788 A CN102686788 A CN 102686788A CN 2010800599874 A CN2010800599874 A CN 2010800599874A CN 201080059987 A CN201080059987 A CN 201080059987A CN 102686788 A CN102686788 A CN 102686788A
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layer
fabric
woven
woven layer
weaving
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Y·巴德
N·蓬
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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    • F41H5/00Armour; Armour plates
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    • F41H5/04Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • F41H5/0478Fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers in combination with plastics layers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41HARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
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    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B32B5/262Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary characterised by one fibrous or filamentary layer being a woven fabric layer
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00Other non-woven fabrics
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41HARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02Plate construction
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046Synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/048Natural or synthetic rubber
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261Polyamide fibres
    • B32B2262/0269Aromatic polyamide fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B2270/00Resin or rubber layer containing a blend of at least two different polymers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/54Yield strength; Tensile strength
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2571/00Protective equipment
    • B32B2571/02Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates or anti-ballistic clothing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T442/3472Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及包含至少一个织造层和至少一个非织造层的织物,其中所述至少一个织造层和所述至少一个非织造层之间的数量比在0.1-1的范围内。根据本发明的织物尤其能够被用于制造防弹背心、硬质和软质防弹板、防刺和防刀切系统以及防弹系统,并且它们使用此类系统大大降低跳弹的可能性。

Description

增强的轻型防弹材料
发明领域
本发明涉及增强的轻型吸能材料及它们的制备方法。这些材料可被用于制造防弹背心、硬质或软质防弹板、防刺和防刀切系统以及防弹系统。
发明背景
防弹级纤维(例如芳族聚酰胺纤维)及由其制备的产品是本领域为人们所熟知的。它们通常被用作航空和军事用途,用于防弹衣织物或石棉替代品。
针刺制毡,本文中有时称作针刺法或简称针刺,是纺织物行业的一种方法,该方法将元件(如带倒钩的针)穿进和穿出织物,使纤维缠绕起来以制成毛毡。针刺制毡是本领域所熟知的方法,对于该方法的描述可见于这些文档,例如US5989375。
毛毡在防弹系统中的用途是众人皆知的。US7101818公开了由至少一个防弹级纤维织造层和至少一个纤维非织造层制成的制品,其中两层之间通过针刺制毡方法缠在一起。
将织造和非织造防弹级纤维结合起来所制成的防弹系统,其防护性能优于仅由织造纤维制成的防弹系统。
针刺制毡方法通过将两层纤维融合起来并使其紧密接触,使各层能够保持稳定并防止各层在弹道事件中发生分离,这也正是US7101818所公开的防弹系统优于未使用针刺制毡而仅由织造层制成的系统的原因所在。
然而,在US7101818的防弹系统中,毛毡仅用于使各层稳定。
在弹道事件中,尤其是当射来的子弹防弹与防护系统平面所成角度不垂直(非90°)时,射弹可能从防护系统弹开并继续沿不同弹道飞行。这也称作跳弹。
跳弹是射击时常见的一种危险,因为从物体弹开后发生跳弹的射弹具有“不可预计”的严重危险,可能对旁观者、动物、物体甚至对穿着个人防打击系统的人员造成间接伤害。如果变形的射弹击中旁观者或穿着者,可能会非常危险。子弹将不会有规律地穿过身体,其表现将更类似于中空子弹,会造成更大的创伤腔体,甚至成为碎片造成多处创伤。
射来的子弹弹道与防护系统的平面所成角度越小,发生跳弹的可能性越大。
射弹很容易从平坦的硬表面(例如混凝土或钢表面)上弹开,然而跳弹几乎会发生在任何表面上,包括个人防护系统防弹包的表面上,因为此类系统在受到打击时会产生一个足够平的角度。
软质材料能够轻松化解或吸收冲击力,发生跳弹的几率较小。这是因为部分动能被软质材料吸收,使射弹减速并使其离开的角度更平,从而使射弹改变方向进入材料而不会发生跳弹。
然而,当射来的子弹防弹靠近防护系统的边缘,角度很浅时,射弹可能会穿透一层或多层防护材料并从防护材料相邻两层之间穿过,最终通过防护系统的凸缘射出。此类事件可能具有致命性,例如,如果射弹从颈部周围的上凸缘射出将会导致严重的颅颌面创伤。
为了改善防弹包对刀切和针刺的防护性能,现在通常采用聚合物树脂对其进行强化。此类技术在(例如)WO0137691A1中有所描述。
聚合物树脂可以压延、层压或热压到防弹包或防护组织的每一层中。
然而,这将使得防弹包硬化,而硬化到一定程度后会导致发生跳弹的可能性大大增加。
在一些情况下,防弹背心的制造商常使用聚合物泡沫来降低发生跳弹的可能性,并减少背面创伤。这些聚合物泡沫(例如聚氨酯泡沫)被用作与穿着者身体相接触的内衬。
这些聚合物泡沫在射弹穿透防弹层后几乎没有防弹作用,内衬的防护性能很低,无法阻止射弹。
另一方面,使用毛毡(尤其是具有防弹特性的毛毡)作为内衬将产生其它不足,例如防弹毛毡的低弹性。
所谓低弹性材料是指材料变形或受压若干次后将无法恢复其初始形状。
尽管毛毡具有初始厚度和缓冲作用,能够防止背面创伤并减小发生跳弹的可能性,但长期穿着防弹背心和紧固的压力逐渐将较厚的毛毡层压缩为更薄、更致密的毛毡层。这种压缩的厚层将不再具有初始层的缓冲作用,因此在防止发生跳弹方面效率降低,从而使穿着者和旁观者暴露于更高的风险之中。
此外,在弹道事件中,毛毡在射弹冲击所引起的变形应变作用下容易开裂。
另外,将毛毡缝合到防弹背心的另一层纤维上也存在问题。穿着防弹背心以及防弹过程本身都会使毛毡的缝合处产生缝隙,导致针脚变松。
有必要对内衬进行改进,使其不仅具有防弹特性,而且能够减小发生跳弹的可能性,并且在其使用过程中所述的性能不会丢失。
发明概述
本发明涉及包含至少一个织造层和至少一个非织造层的织物,其中至少一个织造层和至少一个非织造层的数量比在0.1-1的范围内,并且进一步地其中至少一个织造层包含具有180厘牛顿(cN)/Tex至320cN/Tex的韧度和3600cN/Tex至10600cN/Tex的拉伸模量的纤维,且至少一个非织造层包含至少一种芳族聚酰胺纤维和至少一种聚酯的共混物。根据本发明的织物尤其适用于制造防弹背心、硬质和软质防弹板、防刺和防刀切系统以及防弹系统,并且使用此类系统能够大大降低发生跳弹的可能性。
发明详述
根据本发明的织物包含至少一个织造层和至少一个非织造层,其中至少一个织造层和至少一个非织造层的数量比在0.1-1的范围内,并且进一步地其中至少一个织造层包含具有180cN/Tex至320cN/Tex的韧度和3600cN/Tex至10600cN/Tex的拉伸模量的纤维,且至少一个非织造层包含至少一种芳族聚酰胺纤维和至少一种聚酯的共混物。适用于根据本发明所述织物的至少一个织造层的纤维材料可为防弹级纤维。防弹级纤维可从对位芳族聚酰胺纤维(可以商品名Kevlar
Figure BPA00001571255400031
从DuPont de Nemours商购获得)、聚对亚苯基-2,6-苯并二
Figure BPA00001571255400041
唑(PBO)、高分子量聚乙烯纤维(HMPE)、防弹尼龙和/或它们的组合中进行选择。
适用于根据本发明所述织物的至少一个织造层的编织样式包括平织、篮式、斜纹、缎纹和其它复杂编织样式,其包括但不限于单向、类似单向、EP0805332中所述的多轴编织样式和三维材料,可为单独某种样式或其组合。
在单向织物中,纱线始终沿同一方向延伸。在类似单向织物中,纱线可以沿多个方向延伸,但某些纱线并非完全平直。如本文所用,“单向”包含单向和类似单向织物,除非上下文另有要求。
适用于根据本发明所述织物的至少一个织造层的防弹级纤维为具有180cN/Tex至320cN/Tex的韧度和3600cN/Tex至10600cN/Tex的拉伸膜量的纤维。
本发明所用的术语韧度和拉伸模量是熟悉本领域的人员所熟知的。
根据本发明所述,织物的至少一个织造层可通过层压、压延、热压、浸渍或其它方式用聚合物树脂对其强化,所用聚合物树脂可为热塑性树脂或热固性树脂。
当所用聚合物树脂为热固性树脂时,所用热固性树脂可为氢化丁腈(HNBR)、丁苯(SBR)、乙烯丙烯二烯单体(EPDM)、氟化烃(FKM)、丙烯酸橡胶(ACM)、乙烯丙烯酸橡胶(AEM)、聚丁二烯、氯化丁基橡胶(CIIR)、异丁烯异戊二烯丁基橡胶(IIR)、羧基单体丙烯腈丁二烯橡胶(XNBR)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、酚醛树脂和/或它们的组合。
优选地,所用热固性树脂可为聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、酚醛树脂和/或它们的组合。
当所用聚合物树脂为热塑性树脂时,所用热塑性树脂可为离聚物、聚烯烃、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚碳酸酯、聚氨酯、聚醚醚酮、酚醛改性树脂和/或它们的混合物。
优选地,所用热塑性树脂可为聚酰胺、聚烯烃、离聚物和/或它们的混合物。
更优选地,所用热塑性树脂为离聚物。
离聚物为除了聚合物的有机主链外还包含金属离子的热塑性树脂。
当所用热塑料树脂为离聚物时,所用离聚物为烯烃单体(例如乙烯)与部分中和的不饱和C3-C8羧酸单体的共聚物。优选地,羧酸为丙烯酸(AA)或甲基丙烯酸(MAA)。优选的中和剂为钠离子、钾离子、锌离子、镁离子、锂离子以及它们的组合。
本发明中所用离聚物的酸性基团被从1.0%中和至99.9%,并且优选地被从20%中和至75%。
离聚物可任选地包含至少一种可与乙烯共聚合的软化共聚单体。
离聚物及其制备方法在例如美国专利3,264,272中有所描述。适用于本发明的离聚物可以商标Surlyn
Figure BPA00001571255400051
从E.I.du Pont de Nemours and Company(Wilmington,Delaware,USA)商购获得。
根据本发明所述,织物的至少一个非织造层可由制毡方法制得。
制毡方法可为任何适用的制毡方法,例如针刺制毡、喷水制毡、喷气或胶合制毡。
优选的制毡方法为针刺制毡方法。
针刺制毡方法可根据本发明中所述的织物所要求的织造层和非织造层的数目进行调整。
针刺制毡方法的修改形式还可包括每单位面积针脚数和/或那些针脚的深度。
最佳针数和针形以及非织造纤维的数量可通过防弹测试来确定,优选采用标准防弹测试程序(例如熟悉本领域的人所熟知的英国内政部科学发展处(HOSDB)HG1/A标准)进行测试。
根据本发明所述,适用于至少一个非织造层的纤维材料可为高性能防弹纤维,尤其是具有180cN/Tex至320cN/Tex的韧度和3600cN/Tex至10600cN/Tex的拉伸模量的防弹级纤维(下文称作“防弹级非织造纤维”)。
防弹级非织造纤维可从芳族聚酰胺纤维、伸展链聚乙烯纤维、PBO(聚对亚苯基-2,6-苯并二
Figure BPA00001571255400052
唑)纤维、高分子量聚乙烯纤维(HMPE)、再生纤维素、人造丝、富强纤维、纤维素酯、聚丙烯酸、变性腈纶、聚酰胺、聚烯烃、聚酯(例如聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、橡胶、合成橡胶、赛伦、玻璃、聚丙烯腈、丙烯腈-氯乙烯共聚物、聚己二酰己二胺、聚己酰胺、聚十一碳酰胺、聚乙烯和聚丙烯。
优选的防弹级非织造纤维为芳族聚酰胺纤维、伸展链聚乙烯纤维或PBO纤维。
最优选的防弹级非织造纤维为芳族聚酰胺纤维。
当所用防弹级非织造纤维为芳族聚酰胺纤维时,芳族聚酰胺纤维可为对位芳族聚酰胺纤维或间位芳族聚酰胺纤维。优选的芳族聚酰胺为对位芳族聚酰胺纤维。
在另一个实施方案中,所述至少一个非织造层包含至少一种芳族聚酰胺纤维与至少一种聚酯的共混物。优选地,所述聚酯选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯。
优选地,相对于所述至少一个非织造层的总重量,所述共混物包含按重量计70-99%的芳族聚酰胺纤维和按重量计1-30%的聚酯。
更优选地,相对于所述至少一个非织造层的总重量,所述共混物包含按重量计75-90%的芳族聚酰胺纤维和按重量计10-25%的聚酯。
最优选地,所述共混物包含相对于非织造织物的总重量按重量计75%的芳族聚酰胺纤维以及相对于所述至少一个非织造层的总重量按重量计25%的聚酯。
本实施方案的一个优点在于根据本发明的至少一个非织造层具有高机械弹性。聚酯纤维共混到非织造层中保证其具有高机械弹性。
聚酯纤维允许长期使用根据本发明的织物,因为非织造层不会随着时间的延长而变平和损失厚度。反过来,它将保持非织造层的缓冲作用,能够有效降低发生跳弹的可能性。
根据本发明,基于所述共混物的总重量,可使用按重量计多于25%的聚酯纤维,所述共混物由至少一种芳族聚酰胺纤维和至少一种聚酯纤维共混而成。
然而,聚酯纤维按重量计超过30%是不可取的,因为聚酯纤维易燃且对热敏感。采用本领域已知的方法(例如添加阻燃剂、添加剂、填充剂和/或它们的组合)可降低其易燃性。阻燃剂能够降低聚酯纤维的易燃性,但不能防止聚酯纤维在受到火焰加热时发生熔融和软化。软化和熔融的聚酯纤维将变得致密,由其制得的织物也将失去本发明所述的预期性能,因此,发生跳弹的可能性将会增加。
在一个优选的实施方案中,所述至少一个非织造层包含长度不均匀的纤维,例如二切割纤维(two-cut fiber)或多切割纤维(multiple-cut fiber)。
本发明中所用的术语二切割纤维是指具有两种不同长度的纤维,本发明中所用的术语多切割纤维是指具有两种以上不同长度的纤维。
使用二切割纤维共混物或多切割纤维共混物能够提高非织造层和织造层之间的缠结水平,因为在下文描述的制毡方法中,较长的纤维将能更加深入织造层。
在另一个优选实施方案中,非织造层包含长度不均匀的纤维,其中长度不均匀的纤维根据纤维长度具有不同的线性质量密度。
细小的纤维(例如1.7分特纤维,其仅具有切割长度38mm)可与较粗的纤维(例如2.5分特纤维,其切割长度为63mm)混合形成非织造棉絮层,其中棉絮层是指将通过制毡缠结形成至少一个非织造层的未制毡层。
本发明中所用的术语分特是熟悉本领域的人员所熟知的。
据信,在制毡方法中非织造棉絮层的细小和短纤维进入织造层与织造层广泛接触,将可获得高度缠结。
另一方面,粗纤维提供了非织造层的厚度和弹性性能。
在制毡方法之前,所述至少一个织造层与至少一个非织造棉絮层在制毡机上结合形成叠堆。
然后所得叠堆经过制毡方法处理,将织造层与非织造棉絮层融入根据本发明的织物中。
对于叠堆进行制毡可采用针刺制毡、喷水制毡、喷气或胶合制毡,从而将至少一个非织造棉絮层制毡形成根据本发明所述织物的至少一个非织造层。
制毡方法是熟悉纺织物领域的人员所熟知的,为了简洁起见,此处不做进一步地详细讨论。
优选地,所述至少一个织造层和所述至少一个非织造层之间的数量比在0.1-1的范围内。
更优选地,所述至少一个织造层和所述至少一个非织造层之间的数量比在0.1-0.9的范围内。
更优选地,所述至少一个织造层和所述至少一个非织造层之间的数量比小于2/3或0.66,尤其是在0.1-0.66的范围内。
所述至少一个织造层和所述至少一个非织造层之间的重量比可以介于0.1-5之间。
优选地,所述至少一个织造层和所述至少一个非织造层之间的重量比可以介于0.1和3之间。
更优选地,所述至少一个织造层和所述至少一个非织造层之间的重量比可以介于0.3和1.5之间。
更优选地,所述至少一个织造层和所述至少一个非织造层之间的重量比可以介于0.3和1之间。
由织造层的数量与非织造层的数量之和组成的层的总量可为2-10,优选地为2-6,更优选地为2-4。
最优选地,由织造层的数量与非织造层的数量之和组成的层的总量为2,同时二者数量比为1/2或0.5。
根据本发明所述织物的织造层能使织物缝合到防弹包的内部或之间或者防弹系统的背面。根据本发明的织物的一个优点在于当长时间穿着时,所述织造织物层将最终材料牢牢固定在原位,因为织造织物层具有规则结构,可防止产生间隙。
如果织物仅由非织造毡层制成并随后缝到防弹系统背面或内部,所述非织造层将在针脚周围开裂并形成间隙,将对毛毡的功能产生负面影响。
根据本发明的织物与此前所用的解决方案相比具有多个优点,能够降低发生跳弹的可能性,以前通常在防弹系统中使用如聚氨酯泡沫作为内衬材料。
根据本发明的织物具有聚氨酯泡沫层的优点,即具有弹性和缓冲作用,能够降低发生跳弹的可能性,同时克服了聚氨酯泡沫的缺点。
聚氨酯泡沫的一个不足之处在于它们在弹道事件中发生变形时容易损坏。
在弹道事件中,冲击点周围的材料被射弹推压成圆锥形。根据射弹的速度和口径不同,圆锥形变形的深度可能相当大。
变形会将聚氨酯泡沫撕裂和/或造成聚氨酯泡沫中产生裂缝。
然而,根据本发明的织物不容易撕裂,因为它包含防弹级纤维。
在根据本发明的织物中,防弹级纤维的存在使织物具有防弹特性。
与此相反,聚氨酯泡沫则不具备防弹性。
当射弹(例如子弹碎片)进入防弹系统的防护层时,子弹碎片将形成大量形状不规则的小碎片,这些小碎片通常被防弹系统的防弹层(包)所阻止。然而,这些碎片中的一些可能会穿透防弹层(包)并对穿着者造成相当大的伤害。
根据本发明的织物中所用的纤维具有高拉伸模量和高韧度,能够使织物除了具有缓冲作用(降低发生跳弹的可能性)以外还具有防弹性。
一般来讲,给定织物的防护性能取决于与射弹相接触的纤维的数量。本发明的毛毡含有高面密度的纤维。因此,它们能够大大减慢甚至阻止可能穿透实际防弹包的射弹碎片。
在另一个实施方案中,根据本发明的织物可以固定到防弹包的各层之间,以降低在弹道事件中发生跳弹的可能性。
根据本发明的织物可通过缝合、卷曲、铆合、胶合、钉合和/或其组合进行固定。
优选地,根据本发明的织物通过缝合进行固定。
根据本发明的织物可以平均或非平均固定到防弹包的各层之间。
实施例
实施例1
层压对位芳族聚酰胺织造层的制备
将线密度为1100分特的聚对苯二酰对苯二胺纱线织入具有8.5ends/cm(经纱)和8.5ends/cm(纬纱)的平织织物中,随后与厚度为55μm的离聚物膜层压到一起。
所述离聚物为乙烯和19重量%的MAA(甲基丙烯酸)的共聚物,其中45%的可用羧酸部分被钠离子中和(由E.I.du Pont de Nemours andCompany,Wilmington,Delaware提供的产品,商标为Surlyn
Figure BPA00001571255400091
)。
聚对苯二酰对苯二胺纱线可以商品名Kevlar
Figure BPA00001571255400101
1K1533从E.I.du Pont deNemours and Company(Wilmington,USA)商购获得。
层压的对位芳族聚酰胺织造层可以商品名Kevlar
Figure BPA00001571255400102
AS 400S 802从E.I.du Pont de Nemours and Company(Wilmington,USA)商购获得。
实施例2
制备根据本发明的织物并将其组合为防弹包
非织造织物棉絮层包含相对于非织造织物的总重量按重量计75%的聚对苯二酰对苯二胺纤维以及相对于非织造织物的总重量按重量计25%的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,总面重量为335g/m2,其叠加在平织对位芳族聚酰胺织物层(面重量为185g/m2)上形成叠堆。
然后对叠堆进行针刺制毡加固,得到厚度大约为2.72mm的毛毡,所述厚度根据ISO 9073:2测得。
所得毡化材料根据EN 29073-3测量其拉伸强度,并根据DIN 53859-4测量其撕裂强度。结果总结于表1中。
然后将根据本发明的所得织物布置于16层对位芳族聚酰胺层压织物(AS 400S 802)之间,然后布置于14层对位芳族聚酰胺层压织物(AS 400S802)之间以形成多层防弹包,所述防弹包具有由根据本发明所述织物组成的芯层,其总的面重量为7.756kg/m2。然后将所得多层防弹包在室温下放置24小时,再对其进行多项测试。
在测试过程中,所述多层防弹包的取向为将16层对位芳族聚酰胺层压织物(AS 400S 802)定位在击打面上。
所述平织对位芳族聚酰胺织造层可以商品名KevlarST 802从E.I.duPont de Nemours and Company(Wilmington,USA)商购获得。
实施例3
耐刀切及耐刺测试
按照英国内政部科学发展处的英国警用HOSDB防弹衣标准(2007)第3部分对实施例2所制得的叠堆进行耐刀切及耐刺测试,其中使用冲击能量为24和36焦耳的P1B测试刀片、由泡沫制成的背衬材料以及同一刀片的5次刺入。
其结果记录并总结于表2中。
实施例4
防弹测试
对根据实施例2制成的叠堆进行跳弹发生率测试,测试按照HOSDBHG2规定进行,使用0.357Magnum SJHP Remington枪弹进行0°角射击和30°角射击。
当子弹残留在多层防弹包中即认为未发生跳弹,而是改变了方向。
0.357Magnum、Remington SPFN、R357M3射弹的速度为大约455m/s。记录发生跳弹的次数,其结果总结于表3中。
比较实施例1
采用现有技术制备比较织物并将其组合为防弹包
比较叠堆为33层多层防弹包,由33层层压对位芳族聚酰胺纤维(AS400S 802)组成。33层组合在一起得到多层防弹包,该防弹包与根据实施例2制备的防弹包具有基本相同的面重量(7.965kg/m2)。
然后将所得多层防弹包在室温下放置24小时,再对其进行多项测试。
聚对苯二酰对苯二胺纱线可以商品名Kevlar
Figure BPA00001571255400111
1K1533从E.I.du Pont deNemours and Company(Wilmington,USA)商购获得。
层压的对位芳族聚酰胺织物可以商品名Kevlar
Figure BPA00001571255400112
AS 400S 802从E.I.du Pont de Nemours and Company(Wilmington,USA)商购获得。
比较实施例2
耐刀切及耐刺测试
根据比较实施例1制成的比较叠堆经受根据实施例3所述的耐刀切及耐刺测试。
结果记录并总结于表2中。
比较实施例3
防弹测试
根据比较实施例1制成的比较叠堆经受根据实施例4所述的防弹测试。
记录跳弹发生的次数,其结果总结于表3中。
表1
Figure BPA00001571255400121
表1显示了用于测定毡化织物机械特性的测试结果。可以看到,所述毛毡具有良好的机械特性。在制毡方法中织造层与棉絮层毡化到一起,使得根据本发明的毡化织物具有更强的机械稳定性。
表2
Figure BPA00001571255400122
表2显示了根据英国内政部科学发展处的英国警用HOSDB防弹衣标准(2007)第3部分规定的测试结果,测试过程中分别使用24焦耳和36焦耳的P1B测试刀片。执行5次刀刺,并记录比较织物(33*AS400S)和根据本发明的织物(16*AS400S+FF520+14*AS400S)。与每次刀刺相对应的刀片穿透深度以毫米表示,用逗号隔开。两种织物都符合KR1/E1和KR2/E2防护水平的要求。
表3
表3显示了使用0.357Magnum SJHP Remington枪弹进行两次30°角射击的HOSDB HG2测试结果。对照织物(33*AS400S)未拦截住子弹,意味着在两次测试中发生了两次跳弹。根据本发明的织物(16*AS400S+FF520+14*AS400S)能够将子弹拦截在内部,因此在两次测试时未发生跳弹。
如表3所示,根据本发明的织物能够更好地防止跳弹发生。然而,与具有相同重量的对照织物相比,它还具有类似的针对0°角射弹的防弹特性(数据未示出)。据信,具有更高的防跳弹等级是源于由毡化织物制成的芯层。
毡化织物的机械特性能使该织物在弹道事件中保持其结构完整性。所述机械特性至少部分来自于在制毡方法中毡化到棉絮层中的织造层,其能够防止毡化织物在弹道事件中撕裂或松开。

Claims (12)

1.织物,所述织物包含至少一个织造层和至少一个非织造层,其中所述至少一个织造层和所述至少一个非织造层之间的数量比在0.1-1的范围内,并且进一步地其中所述至少一个织造层包含具有180cN/Tex至320cN/Tex的韧度和3600cN/Tex至10600cN/Tex的拉伸模量的纤维,并且所述至少一个非织造层包含至少一种芳族聚酰胺纤维和至少一种聚酯的共混物。
2.根据权利要求1的织物,其中所述至少一个非织造层包含二切割或多切割纤维。
3.根据权利要求1或2的织物,其中由所述织造层的数量和所述非织造层的数量之和组成的层的总量为2-10。
4.根据权利要求3的织物,其中由所述织造层的数量和所述非织造层的数量之和组成的层的总量为2-4。
5.根据任何一项前述权利要求的织物,其中所述至少一个织造层和所述至少一个非织造层之间的数量比在0.1-0.9的范围内。
6.根据任何一项前述权利要求的织物,其中所述至少一个织造层和所述至少一个非织造层之间的重量比介于0.1-5之间。
7.根据任何一项前述权利要求的织物,其中相对于所述至少一个非织造层的总重量,所述至少一种芳族聚酰胺纤维和所述至少一种聚酯的共混物包含按重量计70-99%的芳族聚酰胺纤维和按重量计1-30%的聚酯。
8.包含至少一个织造层和至少一个非织造层的织物的用途,其中作为在弹道事件中降低跳弹发生率的方法,所述织造层和所述非织造层之间的比率在0.1-1的范围内。
9.根据权利要求8的织物的用途,其中所述非织造层包含二切割或多切割纤维。
10.根据权利要求8或9的织物的用途,其中由所述织造层的数量和所述非织造层的数量之和组成的层的总量为2-10。
11.根据权利要求1-7的织物作为在弹道事件中降低跳弹发生率的设施的用途。
12.个人防护装置,包含根据权利要求1-7的织物。
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