CN102675394A - 一种杠柳新苷类农用杀虫化合物 - Google Patents

一种杠柳新苷类农用杀虫化合物 Download PDF

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CN102675394A
CN102675394A CN2011100630021A CN201110063002A CN102675394A CN 102675394 A CN102675394 A CN 102675394A CN 2011100630021 A CN2011100630021 A CN 2011100630021A CN 201110063002 A CN201110063002 A CN 201110063002A CN 102675394 A CN102675394 A CN 102675394A
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CN102675394B (zh
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师宝君
白建军
吴文君
魏少鹏
姬志勤
胡兆农
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Inst Of Pesticides Xibei Univ Of Agricultural & Forestry Science & Technolo
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种具有农用杀虫活性的杠柳新苷类化合物,属农药技术领域。本发明涉及的化合物其结构式如下所示,其IUPAC化学名称为:Δ5-孕甾烯-3β,17α-二羟基-,20(S)-氧-(2-O-乙酰基-β-D-洋地黄糖(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大糖-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大糖-(1→4)-((1→5)-3,7-二脱氧-4-O-甲基-α-D-葡萄糖-2-庚酮糖(2,4)-二羟基-(1→3)-β-D-加拿大糖)。本发明涉及的化合物选择性地对菜青虫、小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾具有强烈的胃毒杀虫活性,可用于加工成农用杀虫制剂。

Description

一种杠柳新苷类农用杀虫化合物
技术领域:
本发明涉及农药技术领域,具体涉及一种杠柳新苷类新化合物用于防治菜青虫、小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾的用途。
技术背景:
菜青虫、小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾等鳞翅目昆虫是威胁甘蓝、白菜等十字花科蔬菜生产的重要害虫,一般一年发生3-4代,南方地区甚至多达10多代,造成减产20%一30%,严重的减产可达60%以上。当前用于防治此类害虫的主要技术手段仍是化学防治,以高效氯氟氰菊酯,高效氯氰菊酯,阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素等杀虫剂品种为主。由于长期高频次施药,害虫对上述药剂已产生不同程度的耐药性或抗药性,要达到理想的防治效果,只有不断提高施药剂量,导致农产品中的农药残留超标,对食品安全构成了严重威胁。本发明提供了一种源于植物的甾体糖苷类化合物,具有结构新颖、作用机制独特的优点,同时当前商品化杀虫剂中尚未有该种结构类型的化合物。
发明内容:
针对目前杀虫剂使用中存在的上述缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种具有农用杀虫活性的杠柳新苷类新化合物,该化合物可自萝藦科植物杠柳(Periploca sepium Bunge)中提取分离得到。采用高分辨质谱和核磁共振等波谱技术,确定了本发明所涉及化合物的化学结构,其IUPAC化学名称为:Δ5-孕甾烯-3β,17α-二羟基-,20(S)-氧-(2-O-乙酰基-β-D-洋地黄糖(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大糖-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大糖-(1→4)-((1→5)-3,7-二脱氧-4-O-甲基-α-D-葡萄糖-2-庚酮糖(2,4)-二羟基-(1→3)-β-D-加拿大糖),其结构式如下所示。
本发明所涉及的化合物可以采用甲醇回流提取,经多次硅胶柱层析等常规方法分离获得纯品。
本发明所涉及的化合物可以以不同含量的植物提取物,或经分离精制的纯品等形式加工成常规农药剂型,如微乳剂、水乳剂、悬浮剂等。
该发明的优点在于:本发明所涉及的化合物在杠柳中分布较高,且该植物分布广泛,繁殖迅速;采用甲醇等常规溶剂即可将该化合物从植物材料中有效提取出来,甲醇在我国来源丰富,产量大,且自身对环境的压力小;杠柳一直被广泛用作中草药,对哺乳动物和非靶标生物安全;该化合物对菜青虫、小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾等鳞翅目害虫具有杀虫活性,表现出较好的田间防治效果。
具体实施方式
通过下述实施例有助于理解本发明,但并不限制本发明的内容。
实施例一
化合物的分离
将500g杠柳植物根皮,粉碎后的该植物样品,置于5L圆底烧瓶中,加入3000mL甲醇回流提取3小时,滤出上清液,再加入3000mL甲醇回流提取2小时,滤出上清液,合并滤液,减压浓缩至约100mL。将该浓缩液悬浮于400mL水中,再用正丁醇萃取三次,每次500mL,合并丁醇相,减压浓缩至近干。浓缩物60.0g氯仿溶解后,硅胶拌样,转入硅胶柱(4.0×100cm)中,依次用石油醚/丙酮=9/1,8/2,7/3(体积比)进行洗脱,每个溶剂比例冲洗1000mL,每100mL收集一份,将6/4的洗脱液浓缩至干,转入硅胶柱(3.0×50cm)中,依次用石油醚/丙酮=7/3,6/4(体积比)进行洗脱,最终获得该化合物0.6g。
实施例二
0.2%杠柳新苷水乳剂的配制
称取含有本发明涉及的化合物的粗提物20.0g(含有本发明涉及的化合物≥0.20g)溶于35g二甲苯中,再加入非离子型表面活性剂农乳4005.0g,TX-55.0g,水35g,搅拌至乳状,即得以该化合物为有效成分的水乳剂,其中有效成分含量为0.2%。
实施例三
0.1%杠柳新苷微乳剂的配制
称取称取含有本发明涉及的化合物的粗提物10.0g(本发明涉及的化合物≥0.10g)溶于20g甲醇中,再加入阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钙(DBS-Ca)3.0g,非离子型表面活性剂宁乳337.0g,水60g,搅拌至透明均相,即得以该化合物为有效成分的微乳剂,其中有效成分含量为0.10%。
实施例四
田间防治十字花科蔬菜(甘蓝)菜青虫试验
田间试验于2010年在陕西杨凌进行,试验地面积2.0亩,供试作物为甘蓝,品种为夏光,在甘蓝结球期施药。供试药剂为0.2%杠柳新甘水乳剂、0.1%杠柳新甘微乳剂,对照药剂为1.8%阿维菌素乳油。试验共设8个处理,分别为供试药剂0.2%杠柳新甘水乳剂稀释500倍、750倍、1000倍,0.1%微乳剂稀释300倍、500倍、700倍和对照药剂1.8%阿维菌素乳油稀释3000倍、清水对照,每处理重复4次。每小区30平方米,施药后1、3、7天调查防治效果,结果见表1。
表1  0.2%杠柳新苷水乳剂、0.1%杠柳新苷微乳剂对防治甘蓝菜青虫防治试验结果
Figure BSA00000452160700041
表1的结果说明,药后7天供试药剂0.2%杠柳新苷水乳剂500倍、750倍处理、0.1%杠柳新苷微乳剂300倍、500倍处理防治十字花科蔬菜(甘蓝)菜青虫的防治效果和1.8%阿维菌素乳油稀释3000倍相当,可达90%以上。田间观察表明供试药剂对作物和天敌安全,无明显影响。表明两种供试药剂均能有效的防治靶标害虫的危害。

Claims (2)

1.一种具有农用杀虫活性的杠柳新苷类化合物,其IUPAC化学名称为:Δ5-孕甾烯-3β,17α-二羟基-,20(S)-氧-(2-O-乙酰基-β-D-洋地黄糖(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大糖-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大糖-(1→4)-((1→5)-3,7-二脱氧-4-O-甲基-α-D-葡萄糖-2-庚酮糖(2,4)-二羟基-(1→3)-β-D-加拿大糖)。其结构式如下所示:
Figure FSA00000452160600011
2.如权利要求1所述,本专利所涉及的化合物可用于加工成防治菜青虫、小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾的农药制剂。
CN201110063002.1A 2011-03-08 2011-03-08 一种杠柳新苷类农用杀虫化合物 Expired - Fee Related CN102675394B (zh)

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Cited By (4)

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CN105494381A (zh) * 2016-02-05 2016-04-20 烟台顺隆化工科技有限公司 一种防治四纹豆象用杀虫剂
CN105613528A (zh) * 2016-02-05 2016-06-01 烟台顺隆化工科技有限公司 一种防治柑橘小实蝇用杀虫剂
CN106332906A (zh) * 2016-08-08 2017-01-18 西北农林科技大学农药研究所 含有杠柳根皮提取物的农用杀虫组合物
CN113424840A (zh) * 2021-07-22 2021-09-24 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所 一种草地贪夜蛾成虫植物源驱避剂、制备方法及其应用方法

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105494381A (zh) * 2016-02-05 2016-04-20 烟台顺隆化工科技有限公司 一种防治四纹豆象用杀虫剂
CN105613528A (zh) * 2016-02-05 2016-06-01 烟台顺隆化工科技有限公司 一种防治柑橘小实蝇用杀虫剂
CN106332906A (zh) * 2016-08-08 2017-01-18 西北农林科技大学农药研究所 含有杠柳根皮提取物的农用杀虫组合物
CN106332906B (zh) * 2016-08-08 2018-12-07 西北农林科技大学农药研究所 含有杠柳根皮提取物的农用杀虫组合物
CN113424840A (zh) * 2021-07-22 2021-09-24 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所 一种草地贪夜蛾成虫植物源驱避剂、制备方法及其应用方法

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