CN102674978A - Coated fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Coated fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102674978A CN102674978A CN2012101810026A CN201210181002A CN102674978A CN 102674978 A CN102674978 A CN 102674978A CN 2012101810026 A CN2012101810026 A CN 2012101810026A CN 201210181002 A CN201210181002 A CN 201210181002A CN 102674978 A CN102674978 A CN 102674978A
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Abstract
The invention provides a coated fertilizer with polyethylene and cellulose as a coated layer and a preparation method thereof. The coated fertilizer is prepared by utilizing fertilizer particles as a core and evenly coating a coated film material on the outer surface of the core. The coated film comprises the polyethylene and the cellulose, and the weight ratio of the polyethylene and the cellulose is 0.5:1-1:0.5. Dosage of the coated film is 10-25% of the weight of the core of the fertilizer, and the thin film thickness is 0.05-0.2mm. The coated film material is an environment-friendly fertilizer, is long in control release time and high in degradation rate and N utilization ratio. The coated fertilizer is simple in preparation process and low in cost and has remarkable effect on afterreap crops.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of coated fertilizer and preparation method thereof, relate in particular to a kind of with Vilaterm and Mierocrystalline cellulose as coated fertilizer of coating layer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
As everyone knows, chemical fertilizer is grain " grain ".At present, there are two problems in China's chemical fertilizer application: the one, fertilizer amount is big, and utilization ratio is low; The 2nd, chemical fertilizer application is unreasonable to cause environmental pollution, and quality of agricultural product reduces.According to statistics, the loss that the annual loss of chemical fertilizer of China causes just reaches 1,000 hundred million yuan, is equivalent to 100 fertilizer planies the product throwing of inclining in vain; The nitrogenous fertilizer of 50%-70% gets into water body, atmosphere, and the nitrogen that flows into rivers and lakes causes the water nutrition enrichment, and surface water quality worsens, the Groundwater Nitrate-nitrogen severe overweight; The chemical fertilizer that residues in the farmland causes soil microflora variation, severe patient to cause Soil structure destruction, soil and fertilizer decline, farmland quality to be degenerated.
Research and development can be satisfied the plant growth demand, reduce the new-type fertilizer of nutrient loss, are the important development directions of current lot of domestic and international scientific research institution.At present, once use in a large number and the new-type fertilizer that can not work the mischief to crop, represented the direction of following fertilizer research and development, agree the present situation of Chinese agricultural development simultaneously again without prior consultation.New-type fertilizer is meant the physics-chem characteristic that changes traditional fertilizer, makes it consistent with the nutrient demand of each growth phase of plant as much as possible.And release and release control fertilizer is called as " 21 century novel environment friendly fertilizer ", has the utilization rate of fertilizer of raising, reduces applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, reduces the fertilizer environmental pollution, reduces agriculture production cost, reduces many-sided advantages such as the labor force drops into, increases production and improves productivity.Release and release control fertilizer is the direction of chemical fertilizer industry development.In the water soluble fertilizer commonly used; According to different special emphasis a lot of sorting techniques are arranged; According to present internationally recognized Roland D.Hauck classification, sustained-release and controlled release fertilizer mainly comprises following three kinds: coated slow releasing fertilizer, film-type slow release fertilizer, filmcoated type controlled release fertilizer.
But not hydrophilic macromolecule resin coating material; Particularly with thermoplastic macromolecule material; Like Vilaterm, Vestolen PP 7052, PS is the fertilizer of coating; Although can reach the requirement of nutrient controlled release preferably, the use of coated fertilizer has brought two fatal weakness: the expensive price and the threat of environment.This type defective has limited the range of application of this type of fertilizer aspect agriculture prodn greatly; In addition, complicated production specifications, material select, the reasearch funds of meticulous operational path, huge research troop and great number are paid wages all existing condition of incompatibility China and agricultural sustainable development direction.Therefore be badly in need of seeking the new fertilizer that a kind of preparation method is easy, controlled release properties is good, reduce environmental pollution, minimizing cost etc.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of coated slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof; The coated fertilizer that it adopted can be controlled fertilizer and in soil, slowly discharge; And, after fertilizer discharges in soil and finishes, can be very in the soil fast biological degradation of said coated fertilizer; Overcoming existing defective in the prior art, thereby reach the demand of Sustainable development.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of coated compound fertilizer, is core with the fertiliser granulates and evenly sprays one deck coating layer material at its outside surface and process; Coating layer comprises Vilaterm and Mierocrystalline cellulose, and the coating layer consumption is the 10-25% of fertile core weight, and film thickness is 0.05-0.2mm.
Wherein, said fertiliser granulates is selected from least a in urea, volatile salt, an ammonium nitrate, vitriolate of tartar, Repone K, saltpetre, Secondary ammonium phosphate, the primary ammonium phosphate; Its particle diameter is 3-5mm.
Said Mierocrystalline cellulose is selected from least a in paper pulp, Microcrystalline Cellulose, methylcellulose gum, TKK 021, propyl cellulose, Walocel MT 20.000PV, Type 3U, soluble cotton, phosphorylated cotton, the FM; Said cellulosic mean polymerisation degree is 200-7000.
Said Vilaterm can be this area any Vilaterm commonly used, new LDPE (film grade) for example, linear low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene(HDPE) etc.
Said Vilaterm and cellulosic part by weight are 0.5: 1 to 1: 0.5.Wherein, consider that the preferred weight ratio is 1: 0.5 from the prolongation of time of releasing; Consider that from cost the preferred weight ratio is 0.5: 1.In addition, consider from subject, the preferred proportioning that adopts 1: 0.5 on wheat, corn, the preferred ratio that adopts 0.5: 1 on summer corn preferably adopts 1: 1 ratio on vegetables, yam, sweet potato.
The preparation method of coated compound fertilizer of the present invention, step is following:
The preparation of coating liquid: by weight calculating, 100 parts of Vilaterm and cellulose mixtures are dissolved in the vegetables oil solvent of 500-1500 part, stir, obtain coating liquid;
Coating process: at first place rotary drum or fluidized-bed to carry out preheating fertiliser granulates; Then above-mentioned coating liquid is atomized on the fertiliser granulates surface of preheating, makes that the coating layer material usage is the 10-25% of fertile core weight, the coating layer material thickness is 0.05-0.2mm, processes the coated compound fertilizer material.
Wherein, Said step 2) realize through atomizer on the fertiliser granulates surface that in said coating liquid is atomized on preheating; Said atomizer is the pressure type shower nozzle, and the atomizing pressure scope is 0.015MPa～0.5MPa, and the atomizing flow velocity of said coating liquid is 0.1～0.5kg/ minute.
Wherein, vegetables oil is sylvic oil, tung oil, VT 18, oleum lini, Semen Maydis oil, peanut oil or dehydrated castor wet goods, wherein preferred resin oil.
The present invention has following advantage:
(1) the outstanding feature of coated fertilizer of the present invention is that tooling cost per ton with respect to the resin coated urea declines to a great extent, and obviously reduces in the degraded in soil time.As: the tooling cost per ton of resin coated urea needs 800-1000 unit; Resin molding needs 20 years left and right sides time in degraded in soil; But the cost of coated compound fertilizer material of the present invention only needs 400-500 unit, and Vilaterm and Mierocrystalline cellulose also only need 2-3 in degraded in soil.
(2) coated fertilizer of the present invention is an environmental friendly fertilizer, and fertilizer such as relative sulfur-coated urea can not cause soil acidification, more can not cause the sulfur poisoning of crop.
(3) coated fertilizer manufacture craft of the present invention is easy, and whole flow process only needed about 2-2.5 hour.
(4) after coated fertilizer of the present invention is manured into soil, can keep fertilizer content such as urea more than 100-160 days in the soil, prolong fertilizer validity period such as urea 100-150 days.
(5) coated fertilizer of the present invention is applicable to various crops, and succession crop is had positive effect.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is further described, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
Employed experimental technique is ordinary method like no specified otherwise among the following embodiment.
Used material, reagent etc. like no specified otherwise, all can obtain from commercial sources among the following embodiment.
" part " among the following embodiment, " umber ", " % " and ratio like no specified otherwise, all are benchmark with weight.
Embodiment 1: Vilaterm: Mierocrystalline cellulose=0.5: 1
The coat fertilizer composition: 100 parts in urea, coating layer material are Vilaterm and cellulosic mixture, and its content is 15% of weight of urea, and promptly 15 parts, thickness is 0.1mm.Wherein, the urea particle diameter is 3mm, Vilaterm: methylcellulose gum=0.5: 1, the mean polymerisation degree of methylcellulose gum are 5000.
The preparation method: step (1), 15 parts of Vilaterm and cellulose mixtures be dissolved in 75 parts the vegetables oil solvent, stir, obtain coating liquid; Step (2) is poured urea in the heat drying rotary drum into, rolls and is preheated to 65 ℃～75 ℃; Rotary drum is with 60 rev/mins of rollings then; The coating liquid that simultaneously step (1) is made is delivered to atomizer through pump or pressure-bearing form; And with spraying on the fertiliser granulates in the rotary drum after its atomizing; Wherein said atomizer is the pressure type shower nozzle, and the atomizing pressure scope is 0.015MPa～0.5MPa, and the atomizing flow velocity of said coating liquid is 0.1～0.5kg/ minute; Then the fertilizer in the rotary drum is heated to 95 ℃～105 ℃, is heating and curing, stop to spray continued and be heating and curing 5 minutes, obtain coat fertilizer of the present invention.
Embodiment 2: Vilaterm: Mierocrystalline cellulose=1: 1
The coat fertilizer composition: 100 parts in urea, coating layer are Vilaterm and cellulosic mixture, and its content is 20% of weight of urea, and promptly 20 parts, thickness is 0.15mm.Wherein, the urea particle diameter is 3mm, Vilaterm: methylcellulose gum=1: 1, the mean polymerisation degree of methylcellulose gum are 3000.
The preparation method: step (1), 20 parts of Vilaterm and cellulose mixtures be dissolved in 200 parts the vegetables oil solvent, stir, obtain coating liquid; Step (2) is poured urea in the heat drying rotary drum into, rolls and is preheated to 65 ℃～75 ℃; Rotary drum is with 60 rev/mins of rollings then; The coating liquid that simultaneously step (1) is made is delivered to atomizer through pump or pressure-bearing form; And with spraying on the fertiliser granulates in the rotary drum after its atomizing; Wherein said atomizer is the pressure type shower nozzle, and the atomizing pressure scope is 0.015MPa～0.5MPa, and the atomizing flow velocity of said coating liquid is 0.1～0.5kg/ minute; Then the fertilizer in the rotary drum is heated to 95 ℃～105 ℃, is heating and curing, stop to spray continued and be heating and curing 8 minutes, obtain coat fertilizer of the present invention.
Embodiment 3: Vilaterm: Mierocrystalline cellulose=1: 0.5
The coat fertilizer composition: 100 parts in urea, coating layer are Vilaterm and cellulosic mixture, and its content is 25% of weight of urea, and promptly 25 parts, thickness is 0.2mm.Wherein, the urea particle diameter is 4mm, Vilaterm: methylcellulose gum=1: 0.5, the mean polymerisation degree of methylcellulose gum are 400.
The preparation method: step (1), 25 parts of Vilaterm and cellulose mixtures be dissolved in 375 parts the vegetables oil solvent, stir, obtain coating liquid; Step (2) is poured urea in the heat drying rotary drum into, rolls and is preheated to 65 ℃～75 ℃; Rotary drum is with 60 rev/mins of rollings then; The coating liquid that simultaneously step (1) is made is delivered to atomizer through pump or pressure-bearing form; And with spraying on the fertiliser granulates in the rotary drum after its atomizing; Wherein said atomizer is the pressure type shower nozzle, and the atomizing pressure scope is 0.015MPa～0.5MPa, and the atomizing flow velocity of said coating liquid is 0.1～0.5kg/ minute; Then the fertilizer in the rotary drum is heated to 95 ℃～105 ℃, is heating and curing, stop to spray continued and be heating and curing 10 minutes, obtain coat fertilizer of the present invention.
Embodiment 4: Vilaterm: Mierocrystalline cellulose=1: 1, use volatile salt and FM
The coat fertilizer composition: 100 parts of volatile salts, coating layer are Vilaterm and cellulosic mixture, and its content is 20% of volatile salt weight, and promptly 20 parts, thickness is 0.15mm.Wherein, the volatile salt particle diameter is 3mm, Vilaterm: FM=1: 1, the mean polymerisation degree of FM are 2000.
The preparation method: step (1), 20 parts of Vilaterm and cellulose mixtures be dissolved in 250 parts the vegetables oil solvent, stir, obtain coating liquid; Step (2) is poured volatile salt in the heat drying rotary drum into, rolls and is preheated to 55 ℃～85 ℃; Rotary drum is with 60 rev/mins of rollings then; The coating liquid that simultaneously step (1) is made is delivered to atomizer through pump or pressure-bearing form; And with spraying on the fertiliser granulates in the rotary drum after its atomizing; Wherein said atomizer is the pressure type shower nozzle, and the atomizing pressure scope is 0.015MPa～0.5MPa, and the atomizing flow velocity of said coating liquid is 0.1～0.5kg/ minute; Then the fertilizer in the rotary drum is heated to 95 ℃～105 ℃, is heating and curing, stop to spray continued and be heating and curing 8 minutes, obtain coat fertilizer of the present invention.
Embodiment 5: Vilaterm: Mierocrystalline cellulose=0.5: 1; Use composite fertilizer's coat fertilizer composition of urea and primary ammonium phosphate: 100 parts of the composite fertilizers of urea and primary ammonium phosphate, coating layer material are Vilaterm and cellulosic mixture; Its content is 15% of composite fertilizer's weight; Promptly 15 parts, thickness is 0.1mm.Wherein, composite fertilizer's particle diameter is 3mm, Vilaterm: methylcellulose gum=0.5: 1, the mean polymerisation degree of methylcellulose gum are 5000.
The preparation method: step (1), 15 parts of Vilaterm and cellulose mixtures be dissolved in 100 parts the vegetables oil solvent, stir, obtain coating liquid; Step (2) is poured composite fertilizer in the heat drying rotary drum into, rolls and is preheated to 70 ℃～85 ℃; Rotary drum is with 60 rev/mins of rollings then; The coating liquid that simultaneously step (1) is made is delivered to atomizer through pump or pressure-bearing form; And with spraying on the fertiliser granulates in the rotary drum after its atomizing; Wherein said atomizer is the pressure type shower nozzle, and the atomizing pressure scope is 0.015MPa～0.5MPa, and the atomizing flow velocity of said coating liquid is 0.1～0.5kg/ minute; Then the fertilizer in the rotary drum is heated to 95 ℃～105 ℃, is heating and curing, stop to spray continued and be heating and curing 5 minutes, obtain coat fertilizer of the present invention.
Embodiment 6: Vilaterm: Mierocrystalline cellulose=0.5: 1, use the fluidized-bed coating
The coat fertilizer composition: 100 parts in urea, coating layer material are Vilaterm and cellulosic mixture, and its content is 15% of weight of urea, and promptly 15 parts, thickness is 0.1mm.Wherein, the urea particle diameter is 3mm, Vilaterm: methylcellulose gum=0.5: 1, the mean polymerisation degree of methylcellulose gum are 5000.
The preparation method: step (1), 15 parts of Vilaterm and cellulose mixtures be dissolved in 100 parts the vegetables oil solvent, stir, obtain coating liquid; Step (2) adds urea in the fluidized-bed encapsulation tool, and makes spherical urea be in boiling state, and spherical urea temperature remains on 90 ℃ in the fluidized-bed; The coating liquid that then step (1) is made is delivered to atomizer through pump or pressure-bearing form; And with spraying on the fertiliser granulates on the fluidized-bed after its atomizing; Wherein said atomizer is the pressure type shower nozzle; The atomizing pressure scope is 0.015MPa～0.5MPa, and the atomizing flow velocity of said coating liquid is 0.1～0.5kg/ minute; Then the fertilizer on the fluidized-bed is heated to 100 ℃～110 ℃, is heating and curing, stop to spray continued and be heating and curing 5 minutes, obtain coat fertilizer of the present invention.
Comparative Examples 1: adopt Vilaterm to coat urea
The preparation method replaces the mixture of Vilaterm and methylcellulose gum with embodiment 1 except using Vilaterm.
Comparative Examples 2: adopt Mierocrystalline cellulose to coat urea
The preparation method replaces the mixture of Vilaterm and methylcellulose gum with embodiment 1 except using methylcellulose gum.
Comparative Examples 3: adopt Vilaterm: the coating layer of Mierocrystalline cellulose=1: 4 coats urea
The preparation method is with embodiment 1, except making Vilaterm: methylcellulose gum=1: 4.
Measure the controlled release properties of this coated compound fertilizer material, concrete test effect parameter sees table:
| Embodiment | Coated fertilizer | The controlled release time | Degradation rate | Utilization rate of fertilizer |
| Embodiment 1 | Vilaterm: Mierocrystalline cellulose=0.5: 1 | 104 days | 95％ | 85％ |
| Embodiment 2 | Vilaterm: Mierocrystalline cellulose=1: 1 | 135 days | 85％ | 90％ |
| Embodiment 3 | Vilaterm: Mierocrystalline cellulose=1: 0.5 | 160 days | 75％ | 95％ |
| Embodiment 4 | Vilaterm: Mierocrystalline cellulose=1: 1 | 133 days | 86％ | 90％ |
| Embodiment 5 | Vilaterm: Mierocrystalline cellulose=0.5: 1 | 100 days | 75％ | 84％ |
| Embodiment 6 | Vilaterm: Mierocrystalline cellulose=0.5: 1 | 108 days | 75％ | 86％ |
| Comparative Examples 1 | Vilaterm | 195 days | 30％ | 50％ |
| Comparative Examples 2 | Mierocrystalline cellulose | 35 days | 100％ | 60％ |
| Comparative Examples 3 | Vilaterm: Mierocrystalline cellulose=1: 4 | 80 days | 97％ | 70％ |
Can find out that by last table adopting its controlled release time of one Vilaterm or one Mierocrystalline cellulose obviously to be less than coating layer is Vilaterm and cellulosic fertilizer.The raising of controlled release properties has reduced cost, has promoted growing of crop, has improved crop to the nutrient absorbing ability; Nitrogen utilization efficiency improves 24%-45%, can satisfy the crop needs in the time of infertility with this, and joint is fertile, the saving of labor; Reduce environmental pollution, application prospect is very wide.
Claims (10)
1. coated compound fertilizer is characterized in that: be core with the fertiliser granulates and evenly spray one deck coating layer material at its outside surface and process; The coating layer material comprises Vilaterm and Mierocrystalline cellulose, and Vilaterm and cellulosic part by weight are 0.5: 1～1: 0.5, and the coating layer material usage is the 10-25% of fertile core weight, and the coating layer material thickness is 0.05-0.2mm.
2. coated compound fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said Vilaterm and cellulosic part by weight are 1: 1.
3. coated compound fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said fertiliser granulates is selected from least a in urea, volatile salt, an ammonium nitrate, vitriolate of tartar, Repone K, saltpetre, Secondary ammonium phosphate, the primary ammonium phosphate; Its particle diameter is 3-5mm.
4. coated compound fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said Mierocrystalline cellulose is selected from least a in paper pulp, Microcrystalline Cellulose, methylcellulose gum, TKK 021, propyl cellulose, Walocel MT 20.000PV, Type 3U, soluble cotton, phosphorylated cotton, the FM; Said cellulosic mean polymerisation degree is 200-7000.
5. the preparation method of a coated compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, step is following:
The preparation of coating liquid: by weight calculating, 100 parts of Vilaterm and cellulose mixtures are dissolved in the vegetables oil solvent of 500-1500 part, stir, obtain coating liquid;
Coating process: at first place rotary drum or fluidized-bed to carry out preheating fertiliser granulates; Then the described coating liquid of step (1) is atomized on the fertiliser granulates surface of preheating, makes that the coating layer material usage is the 10-25% of fertile core weight, the coating layer material thickness is 0.05-0.2mm, processes the coated compound fertilizer material.
6. according to the preparation method of claim 5, wherein vegetables oil is sylvic oil, tung oil, VT 18, oleum lini, Semen Maydis oil, peanut oil or dehydrated castor wet goods.
7. according to the preparation method of claim 5; Wherein said step 2) realize through atomizer on the fertiliser granulates surface that in said coating liquid is atomized on preheating; Said atomizer is the pressure type shower nozzle; The atomizing pressure scope is 0.015MPa～0.5MPa, and the atomizing flow velocity of said coating liquid is 0.1～0.5kg/ minute.
8. the application of the coated compound fertilizer of claim 1 on wheat, corn.
9. the application of the coated compound fertilizer of claim 1 on summer corn.
10. the application of the coated compound fertilizer of claim 2 on vegetables, yam and sweet potato.
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| CN201210181002.6A CN102674978B (en) | 2012-06-05 | 2012-06-05 | A kind of coated fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN201210181002.6A CN102674978B (en) | 2012-06-05 | 2012-06-05 | A kind of coated fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103304319A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-09-18 | 中农舜天生态肥业有限公司 | Organic and inorganic biological compound fertilizer and preparation method |
| CN106242847A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-12-21 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | A kind of Radix Ipomoeae Special slow release fertilizer |
| CN108623377A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-10-09 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | A kind of environmental friendly fertilizer and its production, application process of novel water holding controlled release |
| CN108976063A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2018-12-11 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of a kind of sedge dish fleshy root growth special fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN115490560A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-12-20 | 山东农业大学 | Accurate controlled release membrane material and application thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1486964A (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2004-04-07 | 中国农业大学 | Coating material and coating method for controllable slow releasing fertilizer |
| CN1749220A (en) * | 2004-09-14 | 2006-03-22 | 智索株式会社 | Encapsulated granular fertilizer and its producing method |
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2012
- 2012-06-05 CN CN201210181002.6A patent/CN102674978B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1486964A (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2004-04-07 | 中国农业大学 | Coating material and coating method for controllable slow releasing fertilizer |
| CN1749220A (en) * | 2004-09-14 | 2006-03-22 | 智索株式会社 | Encapsulated granular fertilizer and its producing method |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103304319A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-09-18 | 中农舜天生态肥业有限公司 | Organic and inorganic biological compound fertilizer and preparation method |
| CN106242847A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-12-21 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | A kind of Radix Ipomoeae Special slow release fertilizer |
| CN108623377A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-10-09 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | A kind of environmental friendly fertilizer and its production, application process of novel water holding controlled release |
| CN108976063A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2018-12-11 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of a kind of sedge dish fleshy root growth special fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN115490560A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-12-20 | 山东农业大学 | Accurate controlled release membrane material and application thereof |
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