CN102674978B - A kind of coated fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of coated fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102674978B CN102674978B CN201210181002.6A CN201210181002A CN102674978B CN 102674978 B CN102674978 B CN 102674978B CN 201210181002 A CN201210181002 A CN 201210181002A CN 102674978 B CN102674978 B CN 102674978B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of using polyethylene and Mierocrystalline cellulose as the coated fertilizer of coating layer and preparation method thereof.Described coated compound fertilizer, is core with fertiliser granulates and makes at its outside surface even application one deck coating layer material; Coating layer comprises polyethylene and Mierocrystalline cellulose, and polyethylene and cellulosic part by weight are 0.5: 1 ~ 1: 0.5, and coating layer consumption is the 10-25% of fertile core weight, and film thickness is 0.05-0.2mm.Coated fertilizer of the present invention is environmental friendly fertilizer, and controlled release period is long, and coating layer material degradation rate is high, and N element utilization ratio is high, and manufacture craft is easy, and cost is low, has positive effect to succession crop.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of coated fertilizer and preparation method thereof, particularly relate to a kind of using polyethylene and Mierocrystalline cellulose as the coated fertilizer of coating layer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
As everyone knows, chemical fertilizer is grain " grain ".At present, in China's chemical fertilizer application, there is two problems: one is that fertilizer amount is large, and utilization ratio is low; Two is that chemical fertilizer application is unreasonable causes environmental pollution, and quality of agricultural product reduces.According to statistics, the loss that the annual loss of chemical fertilizer of China causes just reaches 1,000 hundred million yuan, is equivalent to 100 fertilizer planies and product is inclined throwing in vain; The nitrogenous fertilizer of 50%-70% enters water body, air, and the nitrogen flowing into rivers and lakes causes water nutrition enrichment, and surface water quality worsens, Groundwater Nitrate-nitrogen severe overweight; The chemical fertilizer residuing in farmland causes soil microflora change, severe patient causes Soil structure destruction, soil and fertilizer declines, farmland quality is degenerated.
Research and development can meet plant growth demand, reduce the new-type fertilizer of nutrient loss, are the important development directions of the outer a lot of scientific research institution of Present Domestic.At present, once use in a large number and the new-type fertilizer that can not work the mischief to crop, represent the direction of following fertilizer research and development, agree again the present situation of Chinese agricultural development simultaneously without prior consultation.New-type fertilizer refers to the physics-chem characteristic changing traditional fertilizer, and the nutrient demand making it growth phase each with plant is as much as possible consistent.And release and release control fertilizer is called as " 21 century novel environment friendly fertilizer ", many-sided advantages such as there is raising utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, reduce fertilizer environmental pollution, reduce agriculture production cost, reduction labor force drops into, increase production and improve productivity.Release and release control fertilizer is the direction of Growth of Chemical Fertilizer Industry.In conventional water soluble fertilizer, a lot of sorting technique is had according to different special emphasis, according to current internationally recognized Roland D.Hauck classification, sustained-release and controlled release fertilizer mainly comprises following three kinds: coated slow releasing fertilizer, film-type slow release fertilizer, Envelope type controllable release fertilizer.
But not hydrophilic polymer resin coated fertilizer, particularly with thermoplastic macromolecule material, if polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene are the fertilizer of coating, although can reach the requirement of nutrient controllable release preferably, the use of coated fertilizer brings two fatal weakness: expensive price and the threat of environment.This kind of defect significantly limit the range of application of this type of fertilizer in agriculture production, in addition, the reasearch funds spending of complicated production specifications, Material selec-tion, meticulous operational path, huge studying team and great number is all not suitable with the existing condition of China and agricultural sustainable development direction.Therefore be badly in need of finding easy, the controlled release properties of a kind of preparation method good, the new fertilizer that reduces environmental pollution, reduce cost etc.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of coated slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof, its coated fertilizer adopted can control fertilizer slow releasing in soil, and, after fertilizer discharges in soil, described coated fertilizer can very fast biological degradation in soil, to overcome defect existing in prior art, thus reach the demand of Sustainable development.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of coated compound fertilizer, is core and makes at its outside surface even application one deck coating layer material with fertiliser granulates; Coating layer comprises polyethylene and Mierocrystalline cellulose, and coating layer consumption is the 10-25% of fertile core weight, and film thickness is 0.05-0.2mm.
Wherein, described fertiliser granulates is selected from least one in urea, volatile salt, ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate, Repone K, saltpetre, Secondary ammonium phosphate, primary ammonium phosphate; Its particle diameter is 3-5mm.
Described Mierocrystalline cellulose is selected from least one in paper pulp, Microcrystalline Cellulose, methylcellulose gum, ethyl cellulose, propyl cellulose, Walocel MT 20.000PV, Type 3U, soluble cotton, phosphorylated cotton, cellulose acetate; Described cellulosic mean polymerisation degree is 200-7000.
Described polyethylene can be any polyethylene that this area is commonly used, such as Low Density Polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene(HDPE) etc.
Described polyethylene and cellulosic part by weight are 0.5: 1 to 1: 0.5.Wherein, consider from the prolongation of time of releasing, preferred weight ratio is 1: 0.5; Consider from cost, preferred weight ratio is 0.5: 1.In addition, consider from subject, wheat, corn preferably adopt the proportioning of 1: 0.5, summer corn preferably adopts the ratio of 0.5: 1, vegetables, potato, sweet potato preferably adopt 1: 1 ratio.
The preparation method of coated compound fertilizer of the present invention, step is as follows:
The preparation of coating liquid: by weight calculating, 100 parts of polyethylene and cellulose mixtures being dissolved in the vegetable oil solvent of 500-1500 part, stirring, obtain coating liquid;
Coating process: first fertiliser granulates is placed in rotary drum or fluidized-bed carries out preheating; Then above-mentioned coating liquid is atomized on the fertiliser granulates surface of preheating, make coating layer material usage be the 10-25% of fertile core weight, coating layer material thickness is 0.05-0.2mm, makes coated compound fertilizer.
Wherein, described step 2) in described coating liquid is atomized on preheating fertiliser granulates surface realized by atomizer, described atomizer is pressure type shower nozzle, and atomizing pressure scope is 0.015MPa ~ 0.5MPa, and the atomization flow velocity of described coating liquid is 0.1 ~ 0.5kg/ minute.
Wherein, vegetables oil is sylvic oil, tung oil, soybean oil, oleum lini, Semen Maydis oil, peanut oil or dehydrated castor wet goods, wherein preferred resin oil.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the most outstanding feature of coated fertilizer of the present invention declines to a great extent relative to the tooling cost per ton of resin-bonded grinding wheel, and obviously reduce in the degraded in soil time.As: the tooling cost per ton of resin-bonded grinding wheel needs 800-1000 unit, resin molding needs about 20 years time in degraded in soil, but the cost of coated compound fertilizer of the present invention only needs 400-500 unit, and polyethylene and Mierocrystalline cellulose also only need 2-3 in degraded in soil.
(2) coated fertilizer of the present invention is the fertilizer such as environmental friendly fertilizer, relative sulfur-coated urea, can not cause soil acidification, more can not cause the sulfur poisoning of crop.
(3) coated fertilizer manufacture craft of the present invention is easy, and whole flow process only needs 2-2.5 hours.
(4) after coated fertilizer of the present invention is manured into soil, in soil, can the fertilizer content such as urea more than 100-160 days be kept, extend the fertilizer validity period 100-150 days such as urea.
(5) coated fertilizer of the present invention is applicable to various crop, and has positive effect to succession crop.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
The experimental technique used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is ordinary method.
Material used in following embodiment, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
" part ", " number " in following embodiment, " % " and ratio if no special instructions, are all benchmark with weight.
Embodiment 1: polyethylene: Mierocrystalline cellulose=0.5: 1
Coat fertilizer composition: 100 parts, urea, coating layer material are polyethylene and cellulosic mixture, and its content is 15% of weight of urea, namely 15 parts, and thickness is 0.1mm.Wherein, urea particle diameter is 3mm, polyethylene: methylcellulose gum=0.5: 1, and the mean polymerisation degree of methylcellulose gum is 5000.
15 parts of polyethylene and cellulose mixtures are dissolved in the vegetable oil solvent of 75 parts, stir, obtain coating liquid by preparation method: step (1); Step (2), pours into urea in heat drying rotary drum, rolls and is preheated to 65 DEG C ~ 75 DEG C; Then rotary drum is with 60 revs/min of rollings, the coating liquid that step (1) is obtained is delivered to atomizer through pump or pressure-bearing form simultaneously, and spray on the fertiliser granulates in rotary drum after being atomized, wherein said atomizer is pressure type shower nozzle, atomizing pressure scope is 0.015MPa ~ 0.5MPa, and the atomization flow velocity of described coating liquid is 0.1 ~ 0.5kg/ minute; Then the fertilizer in rotary drum is heated to 95 DEG C ~ 105 DEG C, is heating and curing, continue to be heating and curing 5 minutes after stopping spraying, obtain coat fertilizer of the present invention.
Embodiment 2: polyethylene: Mierocrystalline cellulose=1: 1
Coat fertilizer composition: 100 parts, urea, coating layer are polyethylene and cellulosic mixture, and its content is 20% of weight of urea, namely 20 parts, and thickness is 0.15mm.Wherein, urea particle diameter is 3mm, polyethylene: methylcellulose gum=1: 1, and the mean polymerisation degree of methylcellulose gum is 3000.
20 parts of polyethylene and cellulose mixtures are dissolved in the vegetable oil solvent of 200 parts, stir, obtain coating liquid by preparation method: step (1); Step (2), pours into urea in heat drying rotary drum, rolls and is preheated to 65 DEG C ~ 75 DEG C; Then rotary drum is with 60 revs/min of rollings, the coating liquid that step (1) is obtained is delivered to atomizer through pump or pressure-bearing form simultaneously, and spray on the fertiliser granulates in rotary drum after being atomized, wherein said atomizer is pressure type shower nozzle, atomizing pressure scope is 0.015MPa ~ 0.5MPa, and the atomization flow velocity of described coating liquid is 0.1 ~ 0.5kg/ minute; Then the fertilizer in rotary drum is heated to 95 DEG C ~ 105 DEG C, is heating and curing, continue to be heating and curing 8 minutes after stopping spraying, obtain coat fertilizer of the present invention.
Embodiment 3: polyethylene: Mierocrystalline cellulose=1: 0.5
Coat fertilizer composition: 100 parts, urea, coating layer are polyethylene and cellulosic mixture, and its content is 25% of weight of urea, namely 25 parts, and thickness is 0.2mm.Wherein, urea particle diameter is 4mm, polyethylene: methylcellulose gum=1: 0.5, and the mean polymerisation degree of methylcellulose gum is 400.
25 parts of polyethylene and cellulose mixtures are dissolved in the vegetable oil solvent of 375 parts, stir, obtain coating liquid by preparation method: step (1); Step (2), pours into urea in heat drying rotary drum, rolls and is preheated to 65 DEG C ~ 75 DEG C; Then rotary drum is with 60 revs/min of rollings, the coating liquid that step (1) is obtained is delivered to atomizer through pump or pressure-bearing form simultaneously, and spray on the fertiliser granulates in rotary drum after being atomized, wherein said atomizer is pressure type shower nozzle, atomizing pressure scope is 0.015MPa ~ 0.5MPa, and the atomization flow velocity of described coating liquid is 0.1 ~ 0.5kg/ minute; Then the fertilizer in rotary drum is heated to 95 DEG C ~ 105 DEG C, is heating and curing, continue to be heating and curing 10 minutes after stopping spraying, obtain coat fertilizer of the present invention.
Embodiment 4: polyethylene: Mierocrystalline cellulose=1: 1, uses volatile salt and cellulose acetate
Coat fertilizer composition: volatile salt 100 parts, coating layer are polyethylene and cellulosic mixture, and its content is 20% of volatile salt weight, namely 20 parts, and thickness is 0.15mm.Wherein, volatile salt particle diameter is 3mm, polyethylene: cellulose acetate=1: 1, and the mean polymerisation degree of cellulose acetate is 2000.
20 parts of polyethylene and cellulose mixtures are dissolved in the vegetable oil solvent of 250 parts, stir, obtain coating liquid by preparation method: step (1); Step (2), pours into volatile salt in heat drying rotary drum, rolls and is preheated to 55 DEG C ~ 85 DEG C; Then rotary drum is with 60 revs/min of rollings, the coating liquid that step (1) is obtained is delivered to atomizer through pump or pressure-bearing form simultaneously, and spray on the fertiliser granulates in rotary drum after being atomized, wherein said atomizer is pressure type shower nozzle, atomizing pressure scope is 0.015MPa ~ 0.5MPa, and the atomization flow velocity of described coating liquid is 0.1 ~ 0.5kg/ minute; Then the fertilizer in rotary drum is heated to 95 DEG C ~ 105 DEG C, is heating and curing, continue to be heating and curing 8 minutes after stopping spraying, obtain coat fertilizer of the present invention.
Embodiment 5: polyethylene: Mierocrystalline cellulose=0.5: 1, use the fertile composition of the compound fertilizer coating of urea and primary ammonium phosphate: the composite fertilizer 100 parts of urea and primary ammonium phosphate, coating layer material are polyethylene and cellulosic mixture, its content is 15% of composite fertilizer's weight, namely 15 parts, thickness is 0.1mm.Wherein, composite fertilizer's particle diameter is 3mm, polyethylene: methylcellulose gum=0.5: 1, and the mean polymerisation degree of methylcellulose gum is 5000.
15 parts of polyethylene and cellulose mixtures are dissolved in the vegetable oil solvent of 100 parts, stir, obtain coating liquid by preparation method: step (1); Step (2), pours into composite fertilizer in heat drying rotary drum, rolls and is preheated to 70 DEG C ~ 85 DEG C; Then rotary drum is with 60 revs/min of rollings, the coating liquid that step (1) is obtained is delivered to atomizer through pump or pressure-bearing form simultaneously, and spray on the fertiliser granulates in rotary drum after being atomized, wherein said atomizer is pressure type shower nozzle, atomizing pressure scope is 0.015MPa ~ 0.5MPa, and the atomization flow velocity of described coating liquid is 0.1 ~ 0.5kg/ minute; Then the fertilizer in rotary drum is heated to 95 DEG C ~ 105 DEG C, is heating and curing, continue to be heating and curing 5 minutes after stopping spraying, obtain coat fertilizer of the present invention.
Embodiment 6: polyethylene: Mierocrystalline cellulose=0.5: 1, uses fluidized-bed coating
Coat fertilizer composition: 100 parts, urea, coating layer material are polyethylene and cellulosic mixture, and its content is 15% of weight of urea, namely 15 parts, and thickness is 0.1mm.Wherein, urea particle diameter is 3mm, polyethylene: methylcellulose gum=0.5: 1, and the mean polymerisation degree of methylcellulose gum is 5000.
15 parts of polyethylene and cellulose mixtures are dissolved in the vegetable oil solvent of 100 parts, stir, obtain coating liquid by preparation method: step (1); Step (2), adds urea in fluidized-bed encapsulation tool, and makes spherical urea be in boiling state, and in fluidized-bed, spherical urea temperature remains on 90 DEG C; Then the coating liquid that step (1) is obtained is delivered to atomizer through pump or pressure-bearing form, and spray on the fertiliser granulates on fluidized-bed after being atomized, wherein said atomizer is pressure type shower nozzle, atomizing pressure scope is 0.015MPa ~ 0.5MPa, and the atomization flow velocity of described coating liquid is 0.1 ~ 0.5kg/ minute; Then the fertilizer on fluidized-bed is heated to 100 DEG C ~ 110 DEG C, is heating and curing, continue to be heating and curing 5 minutes after stopping spraying, obtain coat fertilizer of the present invention.
Comparative example 1: adopt the coated urea of polyethylene
Preparation method with embodiment 1, except the mixture using polyethylene to replace polyethylene and methylcellulose gum.
Comparative example 2: adopt the coated urea of Mierocrystalline cellulose
Preparation method with embodiment 1, except the mixture using methylcellulose gum to replace polyethylene and methylcellulose gum.
Comparative example 3: adopt polyethylene: Mierocrystalline cellulose=1: the coated urea of coating layer of 4
Preparation method with embodiment 1, except making polyethylene: methylcellulose gum=1: 4.
Measure the controlled release properties of this coated compound fertilizer, concrete test effect parameter sees table:
| Embodiment | Coated fertilizer | Controlled release period | Degradation rate | Utilization rate of fertilizer |
| Embodiment 1 | Polyethylene: Mierocrystalline cellulose=0.5: 1 | 104 days | 95％ | 85％ |
| Embodiment 2 | Polyethylene: Mierocrystalline cellulose=1: 1 | 135 days | 85％ | 90％ |
| Embodiment 3 | Polyethylene: Mierocrystalline cellulose=1: 0.5 | 160 days | 75％ | 95％ |
| Embodiment 4 | Polyethylene: Mierocrystalline cellulose=1: 1 | 133 days | 86％ | 90％ |
| Embodiment 5 | Polyethylene: Mierocrystalline cellulose=0.5: 1 | 100 days | 75％ | 84％ |
| Embodiment 6 | Polyethylene: Mierocrystalline cellulose=0.5: 1 | 108 days | 75％ | 86％ |
| Comparative example 1 | Polyethylene | 195 days | 30％ | 50％ |
| Comparative example 2 | Mierocrystalline cellulose | 35 days | 100％ | 60％ |
| Comparative example 3 | Polyethylene: Mierocrystalline cellulose=1: 4 | 80 days | 97％ | 70％ |
As can be seen from the above table, adopting single polyethylene or its controlled release period of single Mierocrystalline cellulose to be obviously less than coating layer is polyethylene and cellulosic fertilizer.The raising of controlled release properties reduces cost, facilitates growing of crop, improves the receptivity of crop to nutrient, nitrogen utilization efficiency improves 24%-45%, can meet the needs in the crop time of infertility with this, and joint is fertile, saving of labor, reduce environmental pollution, application prospect is very wide.
Claims (9)
1. a preparation method for coated compound fertilizer, described coated compound fertilizer is core with fertiliser granulates and makes at its outside surface even application one deck coating layer material; Coating layer material from polyethylene and Mierocrystalline cellulose composition, polyethylene and cellulosic part by weight are 0.5: 1 ~ 1: 0.5, and coating layer material usage is the 10-25% of fertile core weight, and coating layer material thickness is 0.05-0.2mm; Step is as follows:
(1) preparation of coating liquid: by weight calculating, 100 parts of polyethylene and cellulose mixtures being dissolved in the vegetable oil solvent of 500-1500 part, stirring, obtain coating liquid;
(2) coating process: first fertiliser granulates is placed in rotary drum or fluidized-bed carries out preheating; Then the coating liquid described in step (1) is atomized on the fertiliser granulates surface of preheating, make coating layer material usage be the 10-25% of fertile core weight, coating layer material thickness is 0.05-0.2mm, makes coated compound fertilizer.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described polyethylene and cellulosic part by weight are 1: 1.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fertiliser granulates is selected from least one in urea, volatile salt, ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate, Repone K, saltpetre, Secondary ammonium phosphate, primary ammonium phosphate; Its particle diameter is 3-5mm.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Mierocrystalline cellulose is selected from least one in paper pulp, Microcrystalline Cellulose, methylcellulose gum, ethyl cellulose, propyl cellulose, Walocel MT 20.000PV, Type 3U, soluble cotton, phosphorylated cotton, cellulose acetate; Described cellulosic mean polymerisation degree is 200-7000.
5. preparation method according to claim 1, wherein vegetables oil is sylvic oil, tung oil, soybean oil, oleum lini, Semen Maydis oil, peanut oil or synourin oil.
6. preparation method according to claim 1, the fertiliser granulates surface in wherein said step (2), described coating liquid being atomized on preheating is realized by atomizer, described atomizer is pressure type shower nozzle, atomizing pressure scope is 0.015MPa ~ 0.5MPa, and the atomization flow velocity of described coating liquid is 0.1 ~ 0.5kg/ minute.
7. the application of coated compound fertilizer on wheat, corn prepared of method described in claim 1.
8. the application of coated compound fertilizer on summer corn prepared of method described in claim 1.
9. the application of coated compound fertilizer on vegetables, potato and sweet potato prepared of method described in claim 2.
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| CN103304319A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-09-18 | 中农舜天生态肥业有限公司 | Organic and inorganic biological compound fertilizer and preparation method |
| CN106242847A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-12-21 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | A kind of Radix Ipomoeae Special slow release fertilizer |
| CN108623377A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-10-09 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Novel water-retention controlled-release environment-friendly fertilizer and production and application methods thereof |
| CN108976063A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2018-12-11 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of a kind of sedge dish fleshy root growth special fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN115490560A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-12-20 | 山东农业大学 | Accurate controlled release membrane material and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1486964A (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2004-04-07 | 中国农业大学 | Coating material and coating method for controllable slow releasing fertilizer |
| CN1749220A (en) * | 2004-09-14 | 2006-03-22 | 智索株式会社 | Encapsulated granular fertilizer and its producing method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1486964A (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2004-04-07 | 中国农业大学 | Coating material and coating method for controllable slow releasing fertilizer |
| CN1749220A (en) * | 2004-09-14 | 2006-03-22 | 智索株式会社 | Encapsulated granular fertilizer and its producing method |
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