CN102666761B - 连接方法、连接器具和固定元件 - Google Patents

连接方法、连接器具和固定元件 Download PDF

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CN102666761B
CN102666761B CN201080052936.9A CN201080052936A CN102666761B CN 102666761 B CN102666761 B CN 102666761B CN 201080052936 A CN201080052936 A CN 201080052936A CN 102666761 B CN102666761 B CN 102666761B
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surface portion
retaining element
tackiness agent
heating
parts
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CN102666761A (zh
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K-G.施密特
C.贝尔
R.奥珀
S.迪茨
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Audi AG
Newfrey LLC
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Audi AG
Newfrey LLC
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    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J5/00Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
    • C09J5/06Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers involving heating of the applied adhesive
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P19/00Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B23P19/001Article feeders for assembling machines
    • B23P19/006Holding or positioning the article in front of the applying tool
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B11/00Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
    • F16B11/006Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B37/00Nuts or like thread-engaging members
    • F16B37/04Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates
    • F16B37/048Non-releasable devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1412Infrared [IR] radiation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3608Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B29C65/3612Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements comprising fillers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
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    • B29C65/368Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic with a polymer coating
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    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4865Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives
    • B29C65/4885Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives characterised by their composition being non-plastics
    • B29C65/489Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives characterised by their composition being non-plastics being metals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B29C65/7847Holding or clamping means for handling purposes using vacuum to hold at least one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T156/00Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于连接固定元件(26)至部件(32)的表面部分(34)上的方法,该固定元件(26)具有粘合面(109),粘合剂(30)被施加至该粘合面,该粘合剂是可热熔和热固的,该方法包括步骤:预加热粘合剂(30)至第一温度(T1),以激活粘合剂;预加热该表面部分(34)至第二温度(T2);和将粘合面(109)置于该表面部分(34)上;在粘合面(109)已经被置于表面部分(34)上后,粘合剂(30)经历主加热至第三温度(T3),以固化粘合剂和由此永久地固定该固定元件(26)至该部件(32)。

Description

连接方法、连接器具和固定元件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于连接固定元件至部件的表面部分上的方法,该固定元件具有粘合面,粘合剂被施加至该粘合面,该粘合剂初始可热熔的且随后可热固化。
本发明还涉及用于连接固定元件至部件的表面部分(特别是根据前述方法)的连接器具,且最后涉及这种固定元件。
背景技术
所述连接方法起初可应用特别至机动车工程领域。在车身结构中,需要固定元件被固定至部件,例如金属板(车身板)。在这种情况下,这种固定元件常作为锚定件用于固定其它物件,例如电线和制动线。经常地,在这种情况下,塑料卡子被安装在固定元件上,而所述物件则被附连至该塑料卡子。装饰件、地毯、配件等可以直接锁定在固定元件上。
机动车车身通常由金属(钢板或铝)制造。已知在这种情况下,为了连接支柱形式的固定元件,实践中使用所谓的柱极焊,其中金属板和车身板的相对面通过电弧而被熔化至彼此,且随后金属板和支柱之间建立材料连结。
还已知实践中热塑性材料的固定元件被连接至热塑性部件,彼此相对的表面被熔化至彼此,且类似地,最终实现材料连结。
但是,还需要将一般性质的固定元件连接至任意表面,例如喷漆的金属板,还有玻璃纤维增强塑料部件或碳纤维增强塑料部件。由于在近些年,越来越倾向于对于轻量结构机动车车身,越来越多地使用玻璃纤维增强塑料部件或碳纤维增强塑料部件作为车身件。
固定元件至部件的粘合连结适用于装置一般的连结工作。在这种情况下,粘合剂被施加至固定元件的粘合面。在这种情况下粘合剂优选地为在在固态下施加至粘合面的类型,从而固定部件,具有施加至其的粘合剂,可被作为批量材料等提供。这对于连续生产是非常重要的。
这种粘合剂被加热为粘性态,从而,在粘合面被置于部件的表面部分上后,在固化后可形成粘合连结,其持续机动车的使用寿命。
用于固定这种部件至载体面的连接器具从文献DE 10 2004 012 786A1已知。在该情况下,部件被实现为支柱,其具有柄部和凸缘部,由可感应加热材料制造。粘合剂在布置在载体面之前的加热是感应实现的,其中感应能量经由感应场成形器被引入固定元件的凸缘部,从而固定元件且由此间接地还有施加至其的粘合剂被加热。在固定元件被施加至载体部件后,感应能量的供应被停止,且粘合剂固化,以形成粘合连结。
另一种用于粘合连结固定元件至载体面的器具从文献EP 1 250 391 B1已知,其中固定绝缘件被涂覆有热熔粘合剂,其可通过热作用而重新激活。在施加至载体面之前,粘合剂被热空气加热,载体面被同时加热。在固定元件被置于载体面上后,热供应被停止。将固定元件定位固定至载体面以此方式实现。随后如何最终固化和粘合剂如何最终固化在该文献中没有叙述。在该情况下获得的粘合连结仅用于实现功能性强度,其使得粘合连结的部件无困难地转运。
在大规模连续生产中,执行连接过程的时间周期特别重要。现存的执行该粘合过程的方法常常要求两分钟或更长时间周期。这比开头所述的柱极焊的情况显著地更长,从而需要减小该时间周期。
发明内容
针对上述背景,本发明的目的是阐述一种改进的连接方法,改进的连接器具和改进的固定件。
该目的一方面是通过用于将固定元件连接至部件的表面部分的方法实现,该固定元件具有粘合面,粘合剂被施加至该粘合面,其可热熔和热固,包括将粘合剂预加热至第一温度的第一步骤,以熔化粘合剂;与加热该表面部分至第二温度;和将粘合面置于该表面部分上,在粘合面被置于表面部分上之后,该粘合剂经历主加热,至第三温度,以固化粘合剂和由此永久地固定固定元件至部件。
上述目的还通过用于连接固定元件至部件的表面部分,特别是根据上述方法,的连接器具实现,固定元件具有粘合面,粘合剂被施加至该粘合面,其可热熔和热固;包括保持装置用于保持固定元件,该保持装置被设计为沿连接轴线运动;包括至少一个加热装置,其被设计为加热粘合剂和表面部分;且包括控制装置,该控制装置被设计用于控制至少一个加热装置使得该粘合剂被首先预加热,该保持装置然后被移动至部件上,以将固定元件置于该表面部分上,且该至少一个加热装置最后被控制为加热固定元件和该表面部分之间的粘合剂用于固化该粘合剂。
最后,上述目的是通过固定元件实现,该固定元件特别适用于上述方法,该固定元件具有柄部且具有凸缘部,其毗连该柄部且具有大于柄部的横截面积,凸缘部具有粘合面,粘合剂被施加至该粘合面,该粘合剂可热熔和热固,至少一个间隔凸起被实现在粘合面上,且优选地至少一个隆起部被实现在凸缘部的与粘合面相反的侧面上。
根据本发明的连接方法和根据本发明的连接器具能使得固定元件被粘合连结至部件的表面部分,这是在非常短的时间周期内,小于60秒,优选地小于30秒,特别小于10秒。
一个原因是,在粘合面被置于表面部分上之前,不仅粘合剂被预加热至第一温度,而且表面部分也被预加热至第二温度,该第二温度优选地大约等于第一温度(例如在大于100℃且小于200℃的范围内)。
而且,这被实现:在粘合面的放置之后,粘合剂经历主加热至第三温度,以固化该粘合剂。在这种情况下,主加热至第三温度优选地被实现为使得粘合剂经历最终固化。
粘合剂优选地基于环氧树脂,其能在相对短的时间段内固化。
在这种情况下,粘合处理的持续时间和粘合剂的量可通过表面部分的预加热的决定性方式而被影响。
由于表面部分的预加热,在这种情况下可以实现一种情形,其中粘合剂在放置操作后不被再次冷却。换句话说,在固定元件和部件之间没有发生大的温度梯度。由此可以防止一种情形,其中粘合剂已被直接固化在粘合面上,但是湿气仍在部件上蒸发,该湿气延迟粘合面和部件之间的粘合连结。表面部分的预加热还实现了一种清洁,因为,由于预加热,表面部分上的杂质更容易地被释放,或理想地,自释放(通过扩散或蒸发出部件的湿气)。脱模剂残留也通过表面部分的预加热而被去除。
紧接着粘合剂和表面部分的预加热,和粘合面在表面部分上的放置,粘合剂的最终固化和由此粘合剂的完全固化优选地通过主加热步骤实现。
由于粘合面上的间隔凸起的实现,粘合面可以通过施加预定力至固定元件而被置于表面部分上,该间隔凸起支撑该表面部分且最后在粘合面和表面部分之间提供预定间隔(且还优选地提供它们之间的充分平行)。
间隔凸起相对于粘合面的高度优选地小于施加至粘合面的可热熔和可热固粘合剂的高度。
可热熔和可热固粘合剂优选地被理解为是一种粘合剂,其为液体或高粘性态,被施加至粘合面且没有经历最终固化,由此粘合剂可被热熔化,或被加热,其可通过更多热量而被固化。
如果没有在粘合面上设置间隔凸起,粘合面和表面部分之间的距离还可被以其他方式设置,例如通过调节固定元件被置于部件上的力和/或位置。
在本情况下,因此,粘合面的放置可被理解为粘合面被置于表面部分上的距离表面部分特定距离处,即靠近表面部分,以防止粘合面和表面部分之间的预加热粘合剂被完全移置。
总之,在根据本发明的方法的情况下,优选的是所有加热步骤可被从部件的连接侧进行。在车身结构中,特别地,这是重要的,因为常常这里使用的车身部件仅可从一侧接近。
固定元件可由各种材料构造,例如由热固性塑料或金属。如果塑料被用于固定元件,优选的是,金属颗粒被嵌入其中,以使得固定元件能被感应加热。
优选地,金属颗粒被类似地与粘合剂混合,或者,仅与粘合剂混合,以便于粘合剂的最快速的可能的加热。
部件可为金属部件,被涂漆或未涂漆。而且,部件可为塑料部件,特别是热固性塑料,玻璃纤维增强塑料部件或碳纤维增强塑料部件。为了便于塑料,玻璃纤维增强塑料或碳纤维增强塑料(优选地具有热固性基体树脂)的加热,可优选地是,具有较好导电性的颗粒(特别是金属颗粒或金属框架等)被模制入部件,至少在表面部分区域,从而这些颗粒从外部不可见。
在粘合剂经历主加热且被固化后,如果合适的话,可能必要的是冷却粘合处。可能还必须的是,在新固定元件被插入前,至少一个加热装置被再次冷却。
在根据本发明的连接方法的情况下,特别有利的是第三温度等于第一温度,特别优选地是高于第一温度。第三温度可例如在大于150℃的范围内。
而且,有利的是,粘合剂的预加热和/或粘合剂的主加热包括固定元件的加热,从固定元件至粘合剂中进行的热传导。
这样,粘合剂可被间接加热。
根据更优选实施例,固定元件的加热和/或部件的预加热包括感应加热。
固定元件通过感应技术的加热是已知的,例如通过前述文献DE 10 2004102 786A1在开始处提到的。
但是,感应加热源还可被用于预加热部件,该部件能包含金属,当也可以整个地由玻璃纤维增强塑料或碳纤维增强塑料组成(这些材料也具有一定传导性,从而可以间接加热)。
而且,优选的是,部件的预加热包括通过热对流和/或通过热辐射进行热加热。这种预加热优选地包括IR热辐射,其被引导至表面部分上,和/或引导热空气至表面部分上,和/或使用激光加热表面部分(例如以扫描的方式)。
部件的加热也可以该方式进行,尽管固定元件或粘合剂的感应加热是优选的。
最终,还可以使用电阻加热或摩擦加热来加热粘合剂,或表面部分。
所有这些加热方法可被单独或组合使用。
总之,还有利的是,固定元件的预加热和表面部分的预加热可在重叠的时间内进行。
这使得处理时间被缩短。而且,固定元件的预加热和表面部分的预加热可通过单个加热器件进行,尽管这这些情况下还优选的是提供单独的加热器件用于这些目的。
在这种情况下特别有利的是,在预加热前,固定元件被移入相对于部件的限定空间位置。
该限定空间位置可例如为平行于部件表面的位置,距离该部件表面一短距离处。在这种相对位置的情况下,用于预加热固定元件的器件和用于预加热表面部分的器件可被以相对简单的方式整合为连接工具,其通过手引导或通过机器人移动。
根据替换实施例,粘合剂的预加热和表面部分的预加热可在相继的时间内进行。
在该实施例的情况下,可以使用单独的加热器件,其优选地可彼此独立地运动。该优选方法特别适于快速连续地在部件上实现多个固定元件。在这种情况下,当主加热操作被进行时,后继的连接点的表面部分可已经被预加热。
在这种情况下优选的是,表面部分的预加热和预加热粘合面至表面部分的放置通过控制而被关联,从而该放置仅在表面部分的预加热完成后预定时间跨度内是允许的。
在该实施例中的情况下,可以防止表面部分被再次冷却至根据本发明的优点不再足以实现的程度。这是有利的,特别是粘合剂的预加热和表面部分的预加热在相继的时间内进行。
通常,还可优选的是,表面部分在顺序的加热中被加热至增大的温度,其例如高于第一温度。在这种情况下,可考虑直到固定元件被置于预加热表面部分的时间段,例如使得表面部分被冷却,从而在固定元件的放置时,表面部分具有与预加热粘合剂大致相同的温度。
总之,还优选的是,至少一个第一和一个第二固定元件被分别连接至第一和第二表面部分,第一固定元件的主加热和第二表面部分的预加热在重叠的时间内进行。
该实施例特别适用于多个固定元件被连接至部件。加热处理的“交叉”使得总体实现了显著缩短的处理循环时间。显然,还有利的特别是,表面部分的预加热通过独立于预加热粘合剂的加热器件的加热器件进行。如果固定元件被以预定图案或彼此距离施加,这些加热装置也可以以相应的彼此距离设置在单个壳体上。
在根据本发明的加热器具的情况下,优选的是,至少一个加热装置具有第一加热器件,用于加热粘合剂,且具有第二加热器件,用于加热表面部分,第一加热器件和保持装置被布置在连接工具的壳体上。
在连接工具中,要被连接的固定元件可被保持装置保持。被以一方式保持的固定元件,或施加至其的粘合剂,然后可被第一加热器件加热,同时固定元件被保持在保持装置上。保持装置然后可被沿连接轴线移动至部件上,以将粘合面置于表面部分上。
根据优选实施例,第二加热器件也被布置在连接工具的壳体上。
这使得实现简单且紧凑的结构,其还适用于例如手持枪式器具应用。
第一加热器件优选地为感应加热装置。第二加热器件优选地为IR热辐射加热装置,热空气加热装置或激光加热装置。
而且,在该情况下优选的是,由保持装置和第一加热器件和/或第二加热器件构造的单元被实现为能在连接工具上置换。
这使得可以实现一种情况,例如,其中连接工具被移动至预定位置中用于第一连接处理,且表面部分被在第二加热器件的第一位移位置中被预加热,同时,与该操作重叠,第一加热器件加热粘合剂。由保持装置和第一加热器件构造的单元的位置和第二加热器件的位置可然后被准交换(quasi-interchanged),从而实际连接处理,粘合面至部件上的放置,在没有连接工具的壳体的移动的情况下是可能的。
根据另一优选实施例,由保持装置和第一加热器件构造的单元,和第二加热器件,能彼此独立地运动。
该实施例特别是用于简单的手动应用,或自动应用,其中多个固定元件被快速连续地连接至部件。在这种情况下,当连接操作被进行时,后继的表面部分则已经经历预加热,当后继部件被连接工具取出且粘合剂已被加热时,表面部分则已经具有适当的预加热温度。
通常,根据本发明的方法可被以单个加热器件执行用于预加热步骤和主加热步骤。这里例如为感应加热装置。替换地,可以提供彼此独立的加热器件一方面用于粘合剂的加热,另一方面用于表面部分的加热。
固定元件可为金属或热固性塑料支柱,其具有固定区域(例如螺纹或卡扣闭合部)用于适配例如螺纹连接或塑料。卡子形式的热固性塑料固定元件可具有例如固定区域(例如卡持闭合部,用于容纳管线或小部件)。
该固定元件优选地具有粘合基部,粘合面实现于该基部上。施加的粘合剂,其被预先施加但是仍能被重新激活,被设置在粘合面上。
使用的粘合剂优选地为可热熔和固化(settable)(固化(curable))的,且具有例如环氧树脂作为主成分。
特别在根据本发明的方法固定元件被连接至玻璃纤维增强塑料部件或碳纤维增强塑料部件上的情况下,表面部分的预加热具有的优点是,湿气和脱模剂残留可被从部件去除,从而在粘合剂的实际固化或最终固化前,可在粘合区域实现表面的均匀的清洁和激活。
应理解,上述特征和在下面解释的那些不仅可被以各种特定组合应用,还可以其他组合或单独地应用,而不偏离本发明的范围。
附图说明
本发明的示例性实施例被在附图中示出且在下面的说明中更完全地描述。在附图中:
图1示出了根据本发明的连接器具的示意图,其处于预加热步骤中;
图2示出了图1的连接器具的部分,其处于主加热步骤中;
图3示出了根据本发明的连接器具的连接工具的另一实施例的示意性透视图;
图4示出了根据本发明的连接器具的连接工具的另一实施例的示意性顶部视图;
图5示出了根据本发明的连接器具的连接工具的另一实施例的示意性顶部视图;
图6示出了根据本发明的连接器具的连接工具的另一实施例,其处于预加热步骤中;
图7示出了图6的连接工具,其处于主加热步骤中;
图8示出了在粘合连结的固定元件被释放之后的图7的连接工具;
图9示出了根据本发明的用于连接多个固定元件至部件上的连接器具的另一实施例的示意图;
图10示出了根据本发明的固定元件的示意性侧视图;
图11示出了根据本发明的固定元件的另一实施例的示意性侧视图;
图12示出了图11的固定元件的顶部视图;和
图13示出了根据本发明的连接器具的连接工具的另一实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
在图1中,根据本发明的连接器具的第一实施例被以总的标号10标注。连接器具10包括机械手12,其以已知的方式具有至少一个臂16。而且,连接器具10具有控制/能量供应单元14,其被连接至机械手12。
设置在臂16上的是连接头20,其经由柔性管组合(未示出)而被连接至控制/能量供应单元14。连接头20包括连接工具22。连接工具22具有用于固定元件26的保持装置24,且被设计为与保持在其上的固定元件26沿着连接轴线28一起移动,如双箭头所指。
固定元件26具有粘合表面,没有以更详细的方式标注,粘合剂30被施加至该表面,该粘合剂起初可热熔化且随后可热固。
连接器具10被设计为沿连接轴线28连接固定元件26至部件32上。更确切地,固定元件26被粘合连结至部件32的表面部分34上,通过粘合剂30的热熔和热固,通过粘合面被置于表面部分34上和通过粘合剂30的热固(setting)或固化(curing)而被连结。
连接头20还包括加热装置36。加热装置36具有第一加热器件38,其被布置在连接工具22上。第一加热器件38被设计为加热粘合剂30,以便首先加热至熔化且随后固化该粘合剂。第一加热器件38可被设计为直接加热粘合剂30。但是,在本情况下,粘合剂30的加热被进行,其中加热装置38通过热传递40加热固定元件26。而且,粘合剂30的加热通过固定元件26内的热传递42发生。应理解,在这种情况下,固定元件26优选地被实现为具有良好的导热性,由此,例如是由金属材料或具有包括在其中的导热性(金属)颗粒的塑料制造。
连接头20还包括第二加热器件44,其被布置为邻近连接工具22。连接工具22可被相对于第二加热器件沿连接轴线28移动。第二加热器件44被设计为加热表面部分34,这通过热传递46进行。而且,连接头20包括控制装置48,其被与第二加热器件44一起布置在壳体50中。连接工具22可被相对于壳体50沿连接轴线28移动。附图示出了断开线52,以阐明连接工具22和壳体50之间的相对运动能力。但是,作为其替换,第二加热器件44也可与连接头22一起移动。
通过连接器具10,连接操作可如下进行。连接头20首先通过机械手12被移动至一位置,其中固定元件26被布置在表面部分34的该区域中,且其中第二加热器件44处于使得表面部分34可被加热的位置中。第一加热器件38然后被打开(或已经被打开),以加热粘合剂30至第一温度T1,其例如可大于100℃且小于200℃。而且,与其重叠或同时,第二加热器件44被打开,以加热表面部分34至第二温度T2,其优选地大约等于第一温度T1。连接工具22然后被沿连接轴线28下降至表面部分34上,从而粘合剂30(且由于加热而为粘性的)支撑在同样被预加热的表面部分34上。第二加热器件44然后被关闭,或之前不久被关闭。固定元件26被保持在一位置中,其中固定元件26的粘合面稍微从表面部分34间隔开。但是该位置被选择为使得粘性粘合剂30被径向向外移位至一定程度,从而在固定元件26的外侧周围产生小珠53,如图2所示。在该状态,第一加热器件38被操作以加热粘合剂30至第三温度T3,其可等于第一温度T1或第二温度T2,但是其优选地大于第一温度T1和第二温度T2。第三温度T3可例如大于150℃,且甚至大于200℃,如果适合的话。粘合剂30至第三温度T3的加热导致粘合剂30经历固化,理想地完全固化,这持续至粘合剂被完全固化且其实质上完全粘合强度已被实现。
连接工具22然后被再次向回移动,保持装置24释放固定元件26,其现在已被连接至部件32上。另一固定元件26,其要被连接至另一表面部分34上,可然后被保持装置24抓取。如果合适的话,有利的是在第二加热器件44被关闭后冷却粘合剂30(例如通过冷风)。如果合适的话,还有利的是冷却保持装置24,以使得新抓取的固定元件26在开始不经历过度的加热。
连接器具、连接工具和与其一起执行的连接方法的另一实施例在下面解释。关于结构和功能,这些是大致基于参考图1和2所述的连接器具10。相同的元件由此由相同的标号标注。实质上,下面解释差别。
图3示出了连接头20的另一实施例。连接头20包括气动装置54,通过该装置,例如连接工具沿连接轴线28的运动被产生,连接运动被以56示出。
而且,连接工具22和第二加热器件44可被相对于壳体50在至少两个交替位置之间移动,这也是通过气动装置54产生。由此可以的是,例如,第二加热器件44首先被直接布置在表面部分34上方,以预加热该表面部分。第二加热器件44和连接工具22的位置可然后被“交换”,从而连接工具22然后被布置在表面部分34的紧上方。这些交替运动可相对于壳体50线性地进行,如58所示,或通过旋转运动,如60所示。
还设置在壳体50上的是控制装置48,以及机械手坞站62,用于将连接头20附连至机械手12的臂16。最后,连接头20具有用于柔性管组合的连接器64。柔性管组合可被用于给气动装置54供应例如压缩空气,也可以被用于供应电能用于操作加热装置38、44等。
这种连接头20被示出在图4的示意性顶视图中,其中示出了第二加热器件44和连接工具22可被相对于壳体50以线性交替运动58的方式移动。在图5中以相应方式示出的是连接头20,其中第二加热器件44和连接工具22能绕公共旋转轴线旋转,如所指的旋转交替运动60所示。
图6至8示出了另一连接头20,其中第一加热器件38和第二加热器件44由共用加热装置36实现。
加热装置36是感应加热装置68,具有由软磁材料形成的U形场整形器70,且具有电磁线圈72。场整形器70具有中间件74,其相对于连接轴线28横向延伸。开口76实现在中间件74中,保持装置24延伸穿过该开口,其方式是保持装置24可被相对于感应加热装置68沿连接轴线28移动。第一U臂78和第二U臂80被布置在中间件74的端部处。U臂78、80的端部被设计为被布置在部件32上。在该情况下,保持装置24首先处于一位置中,其中固定元件26被从表面部分34间隔开。
如图6所示,预加热步骤可首先被执行,其中线圈72被供应第一电流。流过线圈72的电流形成磁性回路82(在图6和7中示出为黑线或场线)。磁通穿过场整形器70,从而磁场线从一个U臂78出现。磁场线然后被分为第一场线84,其穿透固定元件26或附连至其的粘合剂30,以及第二场线86,其进入部件32。第二场线86延伸穿过部件32直到第二U臂80的端部。而且,第三场线88从固定元件26或粘合剂30的径向相对端延伸至第二U臂80的端部,由此磁性回路82被封闭。
这样,粘合剂至第一温度T1的预加热和部件32的表面部分34至第二温度T2的预加热可通过激励线圈72实现。
保持装置24然后被下降,如图7所示,其方式是使得固定元件26被下降至部件32上。线圈72然后继续保持被激励,如果合适的话电流增加。因此,第四场线89从一个U臂的端部,经由固定元件26或粘合剂30,且经由表面部分34流至另一U臂80。因此,粘合剂30被加热至第三温度T3,以实现粘合剂的完全固化。
保持装置24然后首先被释放且从固定元件26向上缩回,与连接方向相反,此后感应加热装置68也可被从部件32上升,如图8所示。上述连接头20可被与机械手12组合使用,或与手动连接装置组合使用。
在图9所示的实施例的情况下,第一固定元件26A要被连接至第一表面部分34A上,第二固定元件26B则要被连接至第二表面部分34B上。
在该实施例的情况下,连接工具22和第二加热器件44彼此独立。图9的显示是基于一状态,其中第一表面部分34A已经被加热至适当的温度T2。然后,在第一步骤S1中,第二加热器件44已被移动至第二表面部分34B。此后,在第二步骤S2中,连接工具22连同第一固定元件26A(如果合适的话已被预加热)被朝向第一表面部分34移动。第二表面部分34B然后被预加热,且实质上与其同时,第一固定元件26A被连接至第一表面部分34A上。在接着的步骤S3中,第二加热器件44然后被从第二表面部分34B移动开(例如至第三表面部分)。
连接头22然后抓取第二固定元件26B(步骤S4)且被朝向第二表面部分34B移动,如步骤S5所示。
整个序列优选地通过控制装置48以自动的方式进行,该控制装置控制第二加热器件44和连接工具22两者的运动。
不同类型的固定元件26被在图10至12中示出。图10示出了固定元件26',其被实现为塑料卡子,其具有基部本体100和可相对于其移动的盖体102。实现在固定元件26'中的是一个或多个接收器104,其用于在盖体102被关闭时接收物件,例如电线、制动线等。实现在基部本体100的底侧上的是粘合面109,初始可热熔且随后可热固的粘合剂30被施加至该粘合面。固定元件26'可由塑料制造。在这种情况下,粘合剂30被加热,例如直接地加热,例如通过IR辐射、热空气等。但是,固定元件26'也可至少在基部本体100中包括金属颗粒,从而在这种情况下,同样,粘合剂30的感应加热可经由基部本体100而被间接实现。
在图11和12中示出的是固定元件26"的另一实施例,其被实现为支柱,具有柄部106(其例如可设置有螺纹)且具有凸缘部108。粘合面109被实现在凸缘部108的底侧上。多个间隔凸起110被设置在粘合面109上。间隔凸起110限定粘合面109与表面部分34之间的距离,从而可以以相对简单的方式利用预定力将固定元件26"压在表面部分34上,以设置最终连接位置。间隔凸起110的轴向长度优选地小于施加至粘合面109的粘合剂的厚度,尽管这些值在图1中被示出为大约相等的尺寸。
隆起部112被实现在凸缘部108的上侧上。隆起部112用于将构成第一加热器件38的感应加热装置隔开。但是,它们还可被用于限定粘合区的厚度,如果粘合剂被施加至粘合凸缘的朝向固定元件的柄106的侧面上,如图11中以30a所示。如图12中所示,固定元件26"优选地具有三个间隔凸起110和相应数量的隆起部112。
固定元件26"可例如由金属制造,但是还可由热固性塑料实现,该热固性塑料具有嵌入其中的金属颗粒,以由此实现对施加至它的粘合剂30的间接加热。
图13中示出的是连接单元91,其构成保持装置24和第一加热器件38,且其可被用于例如包括在图1至8中所示的连接器具中。
连接单元91包括套筒式场整形器70,其具有轴向穿通开口116。真空118可被施加至穿通开口116,以保持固定元件(例如,图11和12的固定元件26")。在这种情况下,柄部延伸进入穿通开口116,其直径适合于柄部的直径。
场整形器70于是靠在隆起部112上。线圈72被绕场整形器70布置。当线圈72激励时,磁性回路被建立,其中场线沿轴向方向从长整形器70的轴向端部出现。场线进入固定元件26"的凸缘部108且加热它,且由此间接加热施加至凸缘部底侧的粘合剂30。在固定元件26"已被置于表面部分34上时,线圈72的电流强度可被增加,以加热粘合剂30至第三温度。
在120处示出,温度传感器可被设置在场整形器70的下端处,该传感器可被用于测量在柄部108中继起的温度。温度传感器120的相应电连接可经由场整形器70中的轴向通道122实现。但是,作为其一种替换,温度传感器120也可为光学类型的,从而仅光学信号(其基本不受线圈72的影响)被经由通道122传输。
通过隆起部112,场整形器70可被防止粘连至凸缘部108的上侧。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于连接固定元件(26)至部件(32)的表面部分(34)上的方法,该固定元件(26)具有粘合面(109),粘合剂(30)被施加至该粘合面,该粘合剂是可热熔和可热固的,该方法包括步骤:
预加热粘合剂(30)至第一温度(T1),以熔化粘合剂;
预加热该表面部分(34)至第二温度(T2),其中部件(32)的表面部分(34)的预加热包括通过热对流和/或热辐射加热;和
将粘合面(109)置于该表面部分(34)上;
在粘合面(109)已经被置于表面部分(34)上后,粘合剂(30)经历主加热至第三温度(T3),以固化粘合剂和由此永久地固定该固定元件(26)至该部件(32),
其中粘合剂(30)的预加热和/或粘合剂(30)的主加热包括固定元件(26)的加热,从固定元件(26)至粘合剂(30)中的热传导(42)被实现,其中固定元件(26)的加热包括感应加热,
其中粘合剂(30)的预加热和表面部分(34)的预加热以重叠的时间进行。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,该第三温度(T3)等于或高于第一温度(T1)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,固定元件(26)在预加热前被移动至相对于部件(32)的限定空间位置中。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,表面部分(34)的预加热和被预加热的粘合面(109)至表面部分(34)的放置通过控制而被关联,其方式是使得该放置仅在表面部分(34)的预加热完成后预定时间跨度内是允许的。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,至少一个第一和一个第二固定元件(26A,26B)被分别连接至第一和第二表面部分(34A,34B),第一固定元件(26A)的主加热和第二表面部分(34B)的预加热在重叠的时间内进行。
6.一种用于连接固定元件(26)至部件(32)的表面部分(34)上的连接器具(10),适于并被构造用于执行根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,该固定元件(26)具有粘合面(109),粘合剂(30)被施加至该粘合面,该粘合剂是可热熔和可热固的,该连接器具包括:
保持装置(24),用于保持固定元件(26),该保持装置(24)被设计为沿连接轴线(28)移动;
至少一个加热装置(36,38,44),其被设计为加热粘合剂(30)和表面部分(34);和
控制装置(48),该控制装置(48)被设计为控制该至少一个加热装置(36,38,44)使得首先粘合剂(30)被预加热,保持装置(24)然后被移动至部件(32)上,以将固定元件(26)置于表面部分(34)上,最后该至少一个加热装置(36,38,44)被控制为使得固定元件(26)和表面部分(34)之间的粘合剂(30)被加热以固化该粘合剂。
7.如权利要求6所述的连接器具,加热装置(36,38,44)具有用于加热粘合剂(30)的第一加热器件(38),和用于加热表面部分(32)的第二加热器件(44),该第一加热器件(38)和保持装置(24)被布置在连接工具(22)的壳体(50)上。
8.如权利要求7所述的连接器具,第二加热器件(44)也被布置在连接工具(22)的壳体(50)上。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的连接器具,由保持装置(24)和第一加热器件(38)构成的单元和/或第二加热器件(44)被实现为能在连接工具(22)上置换。
10.如权利要求7或8所述的连接器具,由保持装置(24)和第一加热器件(38)构成的单元,和第二加热器件(44)彼此独立地移动。
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