CN102662791A - 在万一失去电力时维护固态存储器内数据冗余方案的系统和方法 - Google Patents

在万一失去电力时维护固态存储器内数据冗余方案的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN102662791A
CN102662791A CN2011104303090A CN201110430309A CN102662791A CN 102662791 A CN102662791 A CN 102662791A CN 2011104303090 A CN2011104303090 A CN 2011104303090A CN 201110430309 A CN201110430309 A CN 201110430309A CN 102662791 A CN102662791 A CN 102662791A
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R·L·霍恩
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Abstract

本发明的实施例涉及降低数据冗余方案的电力失效安全保护所需的备用电力的量的系统和方法。该数据冗余方案，诸如RAID，被实现在固态存储装置中，其中新写入数据被积累并且与奇偶数据一起写入。因为不能确保新写入数据以条大小的整数倍到达，所以当失去供电时可能不存在用于新写入数据的完整条。各个实施例使用截断的RAID条(每个条有更少的存储元件)以在发生供电故障时储存缓存的写入数据。即使可能不存在写入数据的完整条，该方法也允许系统在供电故障缓存器清除的情况下维持RAID奇偶校验数据保护，从而降低在失去电力事件中维持奇偶保护所需要的备用电力的量。

Description

在万一失去电力时维护固态存储器内数据冗余方案的系统和方法
背景技术
诸如硬盘和固态驱动器的很多数据存储元件具有制造商向顾客提供的广告的某些可靠性保证。例如，某些固态驱动器制造商保证10-16或者10-17的驱动器故障率。为了增加数据可靠性，使用诸如RAID(独立磁盘冗余阵列)的数据冗余方案来增加存储可靠性。可以通过将存储装置中的多个存储元件组合为提供镜像和/或误差校验机制的组来提供冗余。例如，固态存储装置的各种存储器块可以被组合为条，其中存储用户数据。
发明内容
附图说明
下面将参照附图描述实现本发明的各个特征的系统和方法，其中：
图1是说明根据一个实施例的实现具有失去电力恢复机制的数据冗余方案的存储子系统的框图。
图2是示出根据一个实施例的在如果系统停机时保护数据可靠性的处理的流程图。
图3到图5说明在一个实施例中使用的部分数据条写入机制的示例。
具体实施例
尽管描述了本发明的特定实施例，但是这些实施例仅作为示例呈现，而不旨在限制本发明的范围。实际上，本文描述的新颖方法和系统可以在各种其它形式中体现。此外，可以对本文描述的方法和系统的形式进行各种省略、替代和修改而不背离本发明的实质。所附的权利要求和等同物旨在覆盖这种形式或者修改，因为将落入本发明的范围和实质。
概述
本发明的实施例涉及降低提供数据冗余方案的电力失效安全保护所需的备用电力的量的系统和方法，该数据冗余方案，诸如RAID，被实现在非易失性固态存储装置中。
克服存储元件故障的常见方式是使用冗余RAID(镜像、奇偶等)以在发生一个或者更多个故障(例如，读取故障)时允许数据恢复。通常，每个条的目标数量的存储元件(即，扇区、闪存页等)被选择，从而以给定成本的存储开销实现期望的可靠性。在基于闪存的/固态存储系统中，不能支持读取修改写入标准方式用于写入部分条。相反，新写入数据被积累并且与奇偶校验数据一起写入。该新写入数据可以来自主机写入命令和/或系统数据写入。因为不能确保新写入数据以条大小的整数倍到达，所以当失去电力时用于新写入数据的完整条可能不存在。
在即使失去电力也必须确保在非易失性介质上写入数据安全的系统中，通常方式是提供临时电源，诸如电容充电，以在失去电力之后将写入缓存数据保存在非易失性存储器介质上。这种电源的成本随着用于可靠电力故障处理要求的时间量的增加而增加。
本发明的各个实施例通过使用截断的RAID条(每个条更少的存储元件)最小化供电故障处理时间，以当发生供电故障时保存缓存的写入数据。即使写入缓存器中可能不存在完整条的写入数据，该方法也允许系统维持供电故障缓存器清除情况下的RAID奇偶校验数据保护。在一个实施例中，在紧接着部分条中的数据被写入之后的页面中写入奇偶校验数据。在万一失去电力时截断的条或者部分条的写入降低需要的写入操作的量，由此降低在万一失去电力时维持数据奇偶校验保护所需要的备用电力的量。该降低的备用电力需求转而降低实现整体存储子系统设计的成本。
系统概述
图1是说明根据一个实施例的实现具有失去电力恢复机制的数据冗余方案的存储子系统的框图。如图所示，存储子系统140包括控制器150和一个或者更多个非易失性固态存储器阵列160。一个实施例中的控制器150来包括RAID模块158和写入缓存器164，其可以用诸如DRAM(动态随机存取存储器)的易失性存储器实现。在另一个实施例中，写入缓存器164在存储子系统140中的控制器150之外。在一个实施例中，RAID模块158被配置以执行数据存取命令，从而维持存储子系统中的数据冗余方案。例如，RAID模块158可以维持数据，该数据关于哪些数据元件分配到哪些RAID条，并且确定在数据冗余方案中如何排列数据(例如分组为具有奇偶校验的条)。在一个实施例中，存储子系统140还包括备用电源156以当常规电源(例如，来自主机系统130)被中断时向存储子系统140提供电力。备用电源156可以是电容型充电，其存储有限量的电力，充分以使控制器150采取必要动作以在万一失去电力/电力中断时保护数据完整性，包括写入已经接收但是未写入到非易失性存储器阵列的数据。
在一个实施例中，存储子系统140的控制器150被配置以接收和执行来自主机系统130的存储接口132的命令。来自存储接口132的存储器命令可以包括利用主机系统130发出的写和读命令。如图1进一步示出，在一个实施例中，控制器150执行一个或者更多个非易失性固态存储器阵列160中所接收的命令。写入存储器164被配置以临时保持要写入到存储器阵列160的数据，包括从主机系统130接收的数据和/或系统数据。在一个实施例中，数据被保持在写入缓存器中直至被写入非易失性固态存储器阵列160为止，之后数据被从写入缓存器清除从而写入缓存器可容纳额外的数据。
尽管本公开使用RAID作为示例，但是此处描述的系统和方法不限于RAID冗余方案并且可在任意数据冗余配置中使用，其中任意数据冗余配置为了镜像或者错误校验目的利用存储元件的分条和/或分组。另外，尽管RAID是独立磁盘冗余阵列的简称，但是本领域技术人员将理解RAID不限于具有物理磁盘的存储装置并且可应用于多种存储装置，包括此处描述的非易失性固态装置。
部分条写入处理
图2是示出根据一个实施例的在万一系统停机时保留数据冗余的处理的流程图。由于非希望的供电中断或者由于例如通过计划表、通过主机命令或者通过其它期望/计划的事件触发器触发的常规停机可能发生系统停机。在任意情况下，本发明的实施例帮助减少安全断电需要的存储器操作，由此降低完成停机处理需要的时间和电力。在一个实施例中，控制器150被配置以进行图2的处理。应注意如果存储子系统发生电力丢失，备用电源有可能被控制器用于图2的处理中描述的这些操作。图2的处理提供当系统停机(例如，由于突然失去电力)发生时写入备份条的机制。相反地，当遇到停机事件以及当存在不足够的接收但是仍未写入的数据以创建完整条时，现有技术方法和系统可以代替地用填充数据合并未写入数据以创建完整条及其相关的奇偶校验。这要求更多的电力(例如，如果失去电力时的备用电力)以使创建完整条成为可能。
返回图2，在块202，在如果发生停机时，处理确定写入缓存器中是否存在充分页面以写入标准大小的RAID条(即，是否页面的量大于或者等于标准条大小)。如果是，则在块212处理写入可装入RAID条中的标准大小条的全部数据页面，在块208写入针对新条的奇偶校验，并且在块210检查写入缓存器是否为空。如果是(缓存的数据等于标准数据条大小)，则处理退出。如果否，则处理进行到块202。返回块202，如果确定写入缓存器中存在比标准条大小要求的更少的页面，则处理移动到块204其中其在截断的/部分的RAID条写入足够数据页面以存储剩余写入缓存器数据。在块206，在一个实施例中，处理指定下一个可用页面作为针对的截断的/部分的RAID条的奇偶校验页面。在另一个实施例中，奇偶校验页面可用被写入在另一个预指定位置。在块208，处理写入针对RAID条的奇偶校验并且释放写入存储器中的清除的条目。在块210，处理器检查写入存储器是否为空。如果否，则处理返回到块202。如果是，则处理结束。尽管图2描述数据按照页面单位存储，本领域技术人员将认识到处理可以用具有其它存储器测量单位的系统，诸如块、扇区等。
在一个实施例中，在下一个可用页面中写入奇偶校验与写入完整条的处理的分开的，因为针对完整条的奇偶校验通常被写入在离开存储条数据的位置的指定位置。然而，当停机发生时，在下一个可用页面写入奇偶校验确保了尽量快地创建奇偶校验并且最小化使用的电力的量。在一个实施例中，在存储子系统重启动之后，奇偶校验可用移动到新位置。
部分条示例
图3到图5说明在一个实施例中使用的部分数据条写入机制的示例。图3示出写入缓存器164被配置以接收新写入数据300，并且示出保持两个单位的数据310和312，该单位为数据页面、数据块、或者其它大小/粒度级别。在非易失性固态存储器阵列中，如图所示，条0、1和2全部是完整条，并且条3未创建。在示例中，完整条组成3个数据单位并且奇偶校验(例如，条0包括3个数据单位302、304和306和奇偶校验308)。针对每个条的数据单位和奇偶校验可根据数据冗余方案存储在不同物理存储元件中。图4描绘失去电力事件期间的存储子系统的状态。当检测到失去电力时，使用备用电力以将写入缓存器中的数据写入到存储器阵列。如图所示，来自写入缓存器164的数据310和312已经写入作为条3的一部分。然而，不充分形成完整条。如图5所示，在一个实施例中，为了最小化在数据冗余方案下确保数据310和312被奇偶校验保护的需要的备用电力的量，存储子系统紧接着数据310和312之后写入奇偶校验314，以形成奇偶校验条。
当恢复时，一个实施例中的存储子系统保留截断的/部分的条作为原样(如图5所描绘)并且继续创建其它完整大小数据条(如条4-7所示)。在另一个实施例中，当恢复时存储子系统可以组合截断的/部分的条与其它数据以创建完整条。截断的/部分的条中的数据可以与新接收的写入数据或者诸如系统数据或者诸如零的预指定填充值填充数据组合。在任意情况下，在恢复之后从部分条创建完整条不影响需要的备用电力的量，这是因为后恢复存储子系统将在其常规电源下操作。
结论
以上描述的特征和属性可以按照不同方式组合以形成附加实施例，全部实施例落入本公开的范围内。尽管本公开提供特定优选实施例和应用，其它实施例对于本领域技术人员是明显的，包括不提供此处阐述的全部特征和优点的实施例，并且也在本公开的范围内。因此，本公开的范围旨在仅参照所附权利要求限定。

Claims (16)

1.一种固态存储子系统，包括：
非易失性存储器阵列；
写入缓存器，所述写入缓存器用于临时地存储将被写入所述非易失性存储器阵列的数据；
控制器，所述控制器被配置以：
用所述非易失性存储器阵列中的多个数据条实现数据冗余配置；
将所述写入缓存器中存储的数据移动到所述非易失性存储器阵列，所述数据按大小增量被移动，所述大小增量匹配所述数据冗余配置中数据条的预定大小；以及
响应于检测到所述存储子系统的的开始，当缓存的数据的量不充分以创建预定大小的数据条时，将所述写入缓存器中的数据移动到所述非易失性存储器阵列以创建小于预定条大小的部分数据条，由此降低使控制器能够将写入缓存器中的数据移动到所述非易失性存储器阵列而需要的电力量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的固态存储子系统，其中所述停机被电力中断触发。
3.根据权利要求2所述的固态存储子系统，还包括备用电源，所述备用电源用于在如果发生电力中断时向所述存储子系统提供备用电力，并且其中所述控制器被配置为使用所述备用电力以将所述写入缓存器中的数据移动到所述非易失性存储器阵列中以创建部分数据条，由此降低使所述控制器能够在如果发生供电中断时移动数据所需的所述备用电源中的电力量。
4.根据权利要求1所述的固态存储子系统，其中所述停机被来自与所述存储子系统进行数据通信的主机系统的命令触发。
5.根据权利要求1所述的固态存储子系统，其中所述控制器还被配置为将涉及在如果发生供电中断时从所述写入缓存器移动的数据的奇偶校验数据存储在所述部分数据条的存储器位置之后的非易失性存储器阵列中的第一可用存储器位置，所述第一可用存储器位置在用于在所述非易失性存储器阵列中存储所述预定大小的数据条的奇偶校验数据的预指定存储器位置的范围之外。
6.根据权利要求1所述的固态存储子系统，其中所述控制器还被配置为在供电中断之后将所述部分数据条与在所述写入缓存器中存储的附加数据组合以创建预定大小的数据条。
7.根据权利要求1所述的固态存储子系统，其中所述数据冗余配置是独立磁盘冗余阵列RAID配置。
8.一种在如果发生供电中断时维持固态存储子系统中的数据冗余的方法，所述方法包括：
用所述固态存储子系统的非易失性存储器阵列中的多个数据条实现数据冗余配置；
将要被写入到所述非易失性存储器阵列中的数据临时存储到所述固态存储子系统中的写入缓存器中；
将所述写入缓存器中存储的数据移动到所述非易失性存储器阵列中，所述数据按大小增量被移动，所述大小增量匹配所述数据冗余配置中的数据条的预定大小；以及
当在所述写入缓存器中的数据的量小于所述预定数据条大小，同时所述存储器子系统的停机开始时，将所缓存的数据写入到所述非易失性存储器阵列以形成所述数据冗余配置的部分数据条。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中当所述停机被供电中断触发时，使用备用电源将所缓存的数据写入所述非易失性存储器阵列。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，所述方法还包括：
将涉及在如果发生供电中断时从所述写入缓存器移动的数据的奇偶校验数据存储在所述非易失性存储器阵列中的部分数据条的存储器位置之后的第一可用存储器位置中，所述第一可用存储器位置在用于在所述非易失性存储器阵列中存储所述预定大小的数据条的奇偶校验数据的预指定存储器位置的范围之外。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法，该方法还包括以下步骤：
在供电中断之后将所述部分数据条与在所述写入缓存器中存储的附加数据组合以创建预定大小的数据条。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述填充数据包括用于所述固态存储子系统的系统配置数据。
13.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述数据冗余配置是独立磁盘冗余阵列RAID配置。
14.一种固态存储子系统，所述固态存储子系统包括：
非易失性存储器阵列；
备用电源，用于在如果发生供电中断时向所述存储子系统提供备用电力；
控制器，所述控制器被配置以：
接收要被写入到所述非易失性存储器阵列的数据；
将所接收的数据写入到所述非易失性存储器阵列作为数据冗余配置的一部分的多个数据条，每个数据条具有预定条大小；
创建针对每个条的奇偶校验数据；以及
响应于检测到对所述存储子系统的供电中断，
当所接收的未被写入的数据的量不足够创建预定大小的数据条时使用所述备用电力写入所接收的数据作为小于预定条大小的部分数据条，以及
创建针对所述部分数据条的奇偶校验数据，由此降低在如果发生电力中断时使所述控制器能够针对所接收的数据提供奇偶保护所需要的所述备用电源中的电力量。
15.根据权利要求14所述的固态存储子系统，其中所述数据冗余配置是独立磁盘冗余阵列RAID配置。
16.根据权利要求14所述的固态存储子系统，其中所述奇偶校验数据被写入与所述非易失性存储器阵列中存储所述部分数据条的存储器位置紧邻的存储器位置。
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