CN102646874B - Four-dimensional antenna array based on single-pole multi-throw switch - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a four-dimensional antenna array based on a single-pole multi-throw switch. The basic structure of the four-dimensional antenna array comprises an antenna unit, a phase shifter, a variable amplitude fader, the single-pole multi-throw radio-frequency switch, a power divider, an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) circuit board and a filter. The greatest innovation of the invention is that the single-pole multi-throw switch replaces a single-pole single-throw switch in a traditional four-dimensional antenna array. Compared with the original four-dimensional antenna array based on the single-pole single-throw switch, a small amount of radio-frequency switches are only used in the structural design proposed provided by the invention; and in the combination of low side lobes or multi-beam directional diagrams, the gain of an antenna is greatly improved, the transient directivity factor of the antenna and the stability of the gain in the modulation period are not changed. The dimension of the antenna is changed reasonably, so as to constitute other specific embodiments of the invention. The four-dimensional antenna array is used for wireless communication and is also used in a radar system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to antenna works technical field, relate to a kind of array antenna of novelty, specifically a kind of four-dimensional antenna array based on single pole multiple throw.
Background technology
Tradition phased array antenna comprehensively low/ultralow side lobe directional diagram time, excitation amplitude dynamic range is very higher than often, thus causes the required precision of feeding network too high, sometimes even cannot realize in practice.Time variable is incorporated into the four-dimensional antenna array having and form in the conventional array of space three-dimensional change, the amplitude of space array element and phase weighting can be realized by time-weighted mode, thus add the design freedom of antenna array, make four-dimensional antenna array have more design advantage relative to conventional array, such as, realize the lower Sidelobe of evenly excitation, realize multi-beam scanning etc.
Because four-dimensional antenna array introduces time dimension on traditional array antenna, it is again time-modulation array antenna.The concept of four-dimensional antenna array the people such as Shanks and Bickmore at first in nineteen fifty-nine by Hughes Aircraft Company of the U.S. (Hughes AircraftCompany) propose.1963, time modulation technique was applied in eight yuan of slotted waveguide array by the people such as the Kummer in USAF laboratory first, achieves the ultralow side lobe level of-39.5dB.Nineteen eighty-three, the people such as the Lewis of research department of USN propose to utilize phase center motion equal time modulation technique, are moved to by the secondary lobe of antenna array outside radar passband, thus realize the Sidelobe in passband.Except the performance advantages such as Sidelobe, four-dimensional antenna array can also utilize the signal of distinct sidebands to realize the functions such as simultaneous multiple beams scanning.At present, the scholar of the countries such as Spain, Britain, Italy, Turkey, India is successively had to expand research to four-dimensional antenna array.At home, Jin You University of Electronic Science and Technology expands correlative study work, and research level is in international counterparts prostatitis.
Existing four-dimensional antenna array structure all adopts absorption-type single monopole single throw switch to realize the time weight of array element, a corresponding single-pole single-throw switch (SPST) of array element.Adopt this kind of structural design, there is number of drawbacks.Such as, the number of switches of needs is too much, and array cost is increased; Need the time controling variable of optimization too much during design optimization; Due to the break-make of switch, transient state directivity factor is unstable; Due to when switch disconnects to launching or accepting the absorption of energy, feeding network efficiency reduces, thus makes array gain too low.Therefore, a kind of new structural design is sought significant for the engineer applied realizing four-dimensional antenna array.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned technical background, the present invention proposes a kind of four-dimensional antenna array structural design based on single pole multiple throw, object is to solve the problems such as the gain of array antenna caused by single-pole single-throw switch (SPST) is low, cost is high, the change of transient state directivity factor is violent, narrow bandwidth.
Basic scheme of the present invention is:
Four-dimensional antenna array is thrown (comprising double-throw) switch, power splitter, FPGA circuit board and filter more formed by antenna element, phase shifter, variable amplitude attenuator, hilted broadsword; FPGA circuit board controls the periodicity break-make of all single pole multiple throws, each single pole multiple throw controls multiple (comprising two) antenna element passage, each moment selects conducting a-road-through road, there is not suspended state in switch, is realized amplitude and the phase weighting of antenna element by appropriate design switch conduction sequential; When four-dimensional antenna array is for receiving, incoming wave is by after antenna element, phase shifter, variable amplitude attenuator, arrive single pole multiple throw, control single pole multiple throw by FPGA circuit board selects a road signal communication to power splitter in multichannel (comprising two-way) input signal, isolate center frequency-band signal and sideband signals finally by filter, do corresponding signal transacting according to embody rule; When four-dimensional antenna array is for launching, transmit and walk around filter assembly, directly be communicated to single pole multiple throw by power splitter, FPGA circuit board controls single pole multiple throw in multichannel (comprising two-way) output channel, selects a road to be communicated with, and shunting sign is by being radiate by antenna element after variable amplitude attenuator, phase shifter.
Innovation of the present invention is to employ single pole multiple throw (comprising single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)) and replaces single-pole single-throw switch (SPST) in traditional four-dimensional antenna array.Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1. use single pole multiple throw replaces the single-pole single-throw switch (SPST) in traditional four-dimensional antenna array, greatly simplify the structure of four-dimensional antenna array, such as, reduce power splitter number and even replace power splitter;
2. greatly improve the gain of antenna, adopt single-pole single-throw switch (SPST), disconnect the moment at switch, there is the loss of feeding network energy absorption, antenna efficiency is reduced, and uses single pole multiple throw, there is not the absorption loss disconnecting the moment, antenna gain is equal with directivity of antenna in theory;
3. many antenna elements are by same switch control rule, and antenna element is no longer independently, and during array synthetic, reduce at optimized variable, when computational complexity reduces, antenna performance can't be subject to obvious impact;
4. aerial array Transient Gain is constant, even if launch a broadband signal (signal bandwidth is greater than switch modulation frequency), penetrate direction due to amplitude-phase be not subject to modulation not sideband signals in other words main, signal waveform can not distort;
5. this antenna structure can be used in Sidelobe radar system, multiple-beam radar system and secret signalling.When it is applied to Sidelobe radar system, as described in Example 1, when a transmitting narrow band signal (bandwidth is less than modulating frequency), realized the equivalent amplitude weighting of unit by switch, a Sidelobe directional diagram can be obtained at center frequency-band.When it is applied to multiple-beam radar system, as described in Example 2,7 different wave beams pointed to are formed respectively at center frequency-band and sideband, by suitable filtering measures, can obtain the signal message of 7 different frequency bands.When it is applied to secret signalling, as described in Example 1, when transmitting one broadband signal (band is wider than modulating frequency), master penetrates direction waveform and is not modulated, and retains transmission information; Master penetrates beyond direction, and signal is modulated by clock switch, and waveform distorts, and information is damaged, thus has the effect of secure communication.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the Sidelobe four-dimensional antenna array structure chart based on single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the present invention, wherein (1) is antenna element, (2) be variable phase shifter, (3) be variable amplitude attenuator, (4) be single-pole double throw high speed RF switch, (5) be power splitter, (6) are FPGA circuit boards, and (7) are filters.
The switching sequence figure of Fig. 2 for adopting based on the Sidelobe four-dimensional antenna array of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), wherein dash area represents switch conduction.
Fig. 3 is based on the Sidelobe four-dimensional antenna array of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) not transient state directional diagram in the same time within a time-modulation cycle.
Fig. 4 be based on the Sidelobe four-dimensional antenna array of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) at the directional diagram of centre frequency and positive and negative each 12 sidebands, Sidelobe directional diagram can be obtained at center frequency-band by suitable narrow band filter.
Fig. 5 is at centre frequency and positive the one the second sideband directional diagrams based on the Sidelobe four-dimensional antenna array of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT).
Fig. 6 is the multi-beam four-dimensional antenna array structure chart based on hilted broadsword eight throw switch in the present invention, wherein (1) is antenna element, (6) be FPGA circuit board, (7) are filters, and (8) are that high speed RF switch thrown by hilted broadsword eight.
The switching sequence figure of Fig. 7 for adopting based on the multi-beam four-dimensional antenna array of hilted broadsword eight throw switch, wherein dash area represents switch conduction.
Fig. 8 is the directional diagram of centre frequency based on the multi-beam four-dimensional antenna array of hilted broadsword eight throw switch and positive and negative each three sidebands, in 7 frequency bands (wrapping center frequency-band and positive and negative each three sidebands), can launch or receive 7 different wave beams pointed to by suitable filter, realize multi-beam scanning.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: based on 16 unit Sidelobe four-dimensional antenna array structural designs of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)
With reference to Fig. 1, in the present embodiment, adopt the four-dimensional antenna array that 16 omni-directional array elements are formed.This array antenna mainly comprises antenna element (1), phase shifter (2), variable amplitude attenuator (3), single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) (4), power splitter (5), FPGA circuit board (6) and a filter (7).In this symmetric array structure, antenna element is that half-wavelength equidistantly distributes.Each 6 unit (numbering 1-6 and 11-16) of the right and left control by single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), and middle four unit (numbering 7-10) do not connect switch.All switches are controlled by FPGA circuit board.
Be different from traditional four-dimensional antenna array, adopt single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) to control two-way antenna element passage in this patent simultaneously, such as No. 1, first left switch control rule and No. 6 antenna elements, second switch control rule No. 2 and No. 5 unit, 3rd switch control rule No. 3 and No. 4 unit, there is not suspended state in switch.Selected by the conversion adopting optimized algorithm to optimize single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), the Sidelobe directional diagram of-30dB can be realized when constant amplitude homophase feed, Fig. 2 is the Control timing sequence of the unit adopting optimized algorithm optimization to draw, wherein black shaded area represents that switch is in conducting state.It should be noted that, middle No. 7-10 four unit be not owing to connecing switch, and their ON time is shown as whole conducting on Fig. 2.Fig. 3 is this Sidelobe four-dimensional antenna array not transient state directional diagram in the same time within a time-modulation cycle.Upper as can be seen from figure, the transient state directivity factor of this array antenna is stablized.Because this array antenna has 10 unit in running order always, the transient state directivity factor of this array antenna unit can be calculated in conjunction with correlation formula and gain is 10.Fig. 4 is this Sidelobe four-dimensional antenna array at the directional diagram of centre frequency and positive and negative each 12 sidebands, can be obtained the Sidelobe directional diagram of-30dB by suitable filter (7) near centre frequency.In order to observe the radiation characteristic of this antenna more intuitively, Fig. 5 gives the normalized radiation pattern of centre frequency and positive the one the second sidebands.As seen from Figure 5, in centre frequency, directional diagram secondary lobe is-30dB, and meanwhile, the most upper sideband level of the one the second sidebands is suppressed to below-17.5dB.
Composition graphs 3 to Fig. 5, we can find, the directional diagram of this antenna is not modulated in side direction (0 ° of direction), thus there is not sideband signals in this direction, Fig. 3 shows as beam peak and is stabilized in 10dB always, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 shows as sideband directional diagram zero dark.When this antenna is wider than the broadband signal of modulating frequency for launching a band, do not modulated at the signal of side direction (0 ° of direction), signal aliasing distortion phenomenon can not be there is, can be out demodulated, and in the dark direction of non-laterally also non-zero, there is sideband signals, signal distorts owing to being subject to modulation waveform, can not be out demodulated.According to this characteristic, this antenna structure is applicable in WiMAX secret signalling.
In the present embodiment, the four-dimensional antenna array transmitting-receiving array in basic scheme is assumed to when amplitude-phase is evenly excitation and carries out by we, and array element to be half-wavelength equidistantly distribute.Array antenna in the present invention can also realize other beam designing in conjunction with phase shifter (2) and attenuator (3), as ultralow side lobe wave beam, scanning beam, shaped-beam etc.
Embodiment 2: based on the unit 8 multi-beam four-dimensional antenna array constructional device of hilted broadsword eight throw switch
With reference to Fig. 6, adopt the four-dimensional antenna array be made up of 8 omni-directional array elements in the present embodiment, this array antenna structure is made up of 8 antenna elements (1), FPGA circuit board (6), filter (7) and hilted broadsword eight throw switch (8).Hilted broadsword eight throw switch is conducting 8 unit successively, within a modulation period, and 0.125 cycle of each cell conduction.Fig. 7 is the Control timing sequence of unit, and wherein black shaded area represents that switch is in conducting state.Fig. 8 is the directional diagram that numerical simulation obtains, and comprises the directional diagram of centre frequency and positive and negative each three sidebands.As seen from Figure 8, the signal of distinct sidebands points to different angles respectively, within their peak level difference 3dB level range.Because seven wave beams are distributed in different frequency bands, by suitable combed filter device, the simultaneous multiple beams scan function in different frequency range can be realized.Because each moment only has an antenna element in work, the transient state directivity factor of this array antenna is 1.
In the present embodiment, the phase shifter in embodiment 1, attenuator, power splitter remove by we, and antenna element is reduced to 8, and adopt hilted broadsword eight throw switch to substitute single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT).Hilted broadsword eight throw switch can be not limited in actual applications.
Be more than the description to the present invention and embodiment thereof provided to the engineers and technicians being familiar with field of the present invention, these descriptions should be considered to be illustrative, but not determinate.Engineers and technicians the thought accordingly in invention claims can do concrete operation and implement, and naturally also can do a series of change according to the above to embodiment.Above-mentioned these all should be regarded as coverage of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. based on a four-dimensional antenna array for single pole multiple throw, it is characterized in that: it comprises the aerial array (1), phase shifter (2), variable amplitude attenuator (3), the hilted broadsword that are made up of antenna element and throws (comprising double-throw) switch (4), power splitter (5), FPGA circuit board (6) and filter (7) more; Phase shifter (2) is connected to after each unit of aerial array (1), phase shifter (2) is connected to variable amplitude attenuator (3) below, the variable amplitude attenuator (3) on 1 to 6 tunnels and 11 to 16 tunnels is connected to single pole multiple throw (4) below, single pole multiple throw (4) is connected to power splitter (5) below, and be subject to the control of FPGA circuit board (6), the variable amplitude attenuator (3) on 7 to 10 tunnels is directly connected on power splitter (5), and power splitter (5) is connected to filter (7) below; FPGA circuit board (6) controls the periodicity break-make of all single pole multiple throws (4), each single pole multiple throw controls multiple (comprising two) antenna element passage, each moment selects conducting a-road-through road, there is not suspended state in switch, is realized amplitude and the phase weighting of antenna element by appropriate design switch conduction sequential; When four-dimensional antenna array is for receiving, isolates center frequency-band signal and sideband signals by filter (7), doing corresponding signal transacting according to embody rule; When four-dimensional antenna array is for launching, filter (7) removes; The feature of this four-dimensional antenna array is also that it has stable transient state directivity factor, can not modulate the signal of pair array side direction (0 ° of direction); When its transmitted bandwidth is greater than the broadband signal of modulating frequency, only can be out demodulated at the signal of side direction, other direction signals due to wave distortion can not be demodulated, be applicable to WiMAX secret signalling.
2. a kind of four-dimensional antenna array based on single pole multiple throw according to claim 1, is characterized in that it realizes Sidelobe Pattern Synthesis with one group of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) and narrow band filter.
3. a kind of four-dimensional antenna array based on single pole multiple throw according to claim 1, is characterized in that it realizes simultaneous multiple beams scanning with hilted broadsword eight throw switch and comb filter.
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