CN111029744A - Four-dimensional antenna array based on MEMS switch matrix - Google Patents
Four-dimensional antenna array based on MEMS switch matrix Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention provides a four-dimensional antenna array based on an MEMS (micro-electromechanical system) switch matrix, wherein an L-path homodromous coherent intermediate frequency baseband signal is generated by a digital layer, is converted into a radio frequency signal through the up-conversion action of an up-conversion layer and a down-conversion layer, is transmitted to a power division feed layer, is transmitted to a TR (transmitter-receiver) component layer for amplification of the radio frequency signal after being subjected to power division by a power divider, and is transmitted to the MEMS switch matrix, the switch matrix is connected with an antenna array element, and is controlled by a digital layer digital control signal to control different conduction states according to time parameters, so that the four-dimensional control of the emission state of an antenna array surface is realized. The invention flexibly controls various parameters along with time change, thereby realizing four-dimensional control of the array surface and flexible control of the array surface, and the real-time change of the conventional three-dimensional space parameters along with the time dimension can realize the setting of different transmitting or receiving states of the array surface to different airspaces and different targets through the real-time change of the parameters of the time dimension.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to a four-dimensional antenna array which is mainly applied to the engineering realization of a large-scale low-cost four-dimensional antenna array.
Background
Conventional antenna arrays utilize one, two or even three dimensional distribution of transmitting or receiving elements in space. However, even if all three-dimensional spatial distributions of array elements are utilized, these demanding system requirements cannot be fully realized due to the effects of complex factors such as mutual coupling. Therefore, it is imperative to introduce a new one-dimensional design freedom, i.e. a time freedom, into a conventional antenna array, and the antenna array formed thereby is called a four-dimensional antenna array.
The four-dimensional antenna array is a novel antenna design theory which is provided for solving various inconveniences of the traditional antenna design. The method breaks through the limitation of the traditional antenna design, creatively introduces the 'time' variable as a new design freedom degree into the conventional antenna design, replaces or partially replaces the control of the excitation amplitude and phase of the antenna by controlling the working time of the antenna, thereby reducing the requirement on an antenna feed system.
Compared with the conventional antenna array, the four-dimensional antenna array has potential advantages in the aspect of synthesizing low or ultra-low side lobe directional diagrams, and the four-dimensional antenna array gradually becomes a hot spot of wide attention and research at home and abroad in recent years. Currently, the research content mainly focuses on sideband suppression, shaped beam, linear array of bidirectional phase center motion, mutual coupling compensation, adaptive beam forming, application in radar systems, and the like.
The principles of four-dimensional antennas were further summarized in 1966 and 1968 for r.w.dickmore and w.lweeks, respectively. Lewis et al, in 1983, by naval research laboratory in usa, proposed the concept of using the center of motion phase of a radar antenna array to achieve low or ultra-low sidelobes within the passband. Based on the doppler shift effect, the sidelobes of the antenna array will be shifted out of the radar passband, thereby achieving low or ultra-low sidelobes in the passband, while the movement of the phase center of the antenna array is also achieved by controlling the high frequency switches connected to each array element. The antenna is also considered a four-dimensional antenna array. The research on the four-dimensional antenna array for realizing low sidelobe or ultra-low sidelobe beams in 2002-2004 by the Yangshi makes a preliminary progress in the theoretical research aspects of sideband suppression, optimization design with motion phase central line array static excitation, power beam synthesis, gain and directivity of the four-dimensional antenna array and the like. A set of 16-unit printed dipole four-dimensional antenna linear array working at an L wave band is designed, processed and tested. The concept of bidirectional motion phase center is proposed and assisted by experimental verification. The experimentally measured absolute value level of the low side lobe in the operating band is-20 dbi. In 2004, j.fondevila, j.c.br eins, f.arescan e.moreno, and the like optimize the time sequence of uniformly exciting the linear arrays by a time modulation method, reduce sideband radiation on the basis of keeping a certain side lobe level, apply the sideband radiation to the non-uniform linear arrays, select proper array element positions to obtain broadband response, and satisfy test results. In 2007, a.tennant and b.chambers use a time modulation method for a binary array, and the binary array can perform zero point scanning according to an incoming wave direction, so that the binary array has an active direction finding characteristic.
The research in the current stage is mainly focused on the theoretical level, most developed principle prototypes verify the theoretical correctness of the four-dimensional antenna array, and the low side lobe or wide frequency band effect of the antenna array surface is optimized by using a time modulation mode, so that the low-cost and small-sized four-dimensional antenna array facing the engineering application is still in the research stage, and the development of related research is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a four-dimensional antenna array based on a MEMS switch matrix. The method is mainly applied to the engineering realization of the large-scale low-cost four-dimensional antenna array.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a four-dimensional antenna array based on an MEMS switch matrix comprises M antenna array elements, an MEMS switch matrix with N input and M output, a TR component layer of an N channel, a power distribution feed layer of an L channel and N channels, an up-down frequency conversion layer of the L channel and a digital layer of the L channel, wherein N/L is a positive integer, and M is larger than N;
in a transmitting state, the digital layer generates L paths of intermediate frequency baseband signals with same source coherence, the intermediate frequency baseband signals are converted into radio frequency signals through the up-conversion action of the up-conversion layer and the down-conversion layer of an L channel, the radio frequency signals are transmitted to the power division feed layer, the signals are transmitted to the TR component layer after being divided by L1-division N/L power dividers (N/L is a positive integer), the radio frequency signals are amplified by N paths of TR channels respectively and then transmitted to the MEMS switch matrix, and the switch matrix is input into N paths and connected with the TR component layer; the output is M paths which are connected with the antenna array element, and M is more than N; the switch matrix is controlled by the digital control signal of the digital layer, and the control of different conducting states is carried out according to time parameters, thereby realizing the four-dimensional control (three-dimensional space + time) of the transmitting state of the antenna array surface.
In the receiving state, the antenna array elements of the antenna layer receive echo signals in the space, the gating state control of different channels with the TR component layer is completed by the MEMS switch matrix, thereby realizing the gating of N paths in the M antenna units, and the conducting state changes along with the time dimension, so as to realize the four-dimensional control of the receiving state of the antenna array, the echo signals received by the antenna units after gating are amplified with low noise by the channels of the corresponding TR component layer, the N/L echo signals amplified by the TR component layer are synthesized by the power division feed layer, and forming L paths of echo signals, transmitting the L paths of echo signals to an L-channel up-down conversion layer, finishing the down-conversion function of the signals to form intermediate frequency baseband signals, transmitting the intermediate frequency baseband signals to an L-channel digital layer to realize the digital down-conversion, extraction and filtering functions of the baseband signals, and finally outputting the digital baseband signals.
The digital layer completes the generation of the intermediate frequency baseband signal in the transmitting state and the digital down-conversion, extraction and filtering processing of the intermediate frequency baseband signal in the receiving state; in addition, the digital layer realizes the control of the up-down conversion layer and the TR layer and the real-time control of the MEMS switch matrix, and finally realizes the four-dimensional control (three-dimensional space + time) of the array surface;
the MEMS switch matrix consists of N (N-M +1) throw switches and has the characteristics of low transmission loss, low cost and miniaturization; the MEMS switch matrix is controlled to realize flexible control of various parameters of antenna aperture, phase center and array form along with time change, and compared with conventional electric switches, the MEMS switch matrix has the characteristics of low transmission loss, low cost and miniaturization, and can realize the engineering application of a large-scale low-cost four-dimensional antenna array.
The invention has the advantages that the MEMS switch matrix is adopted to realize the flexible control of the aperture of the antenna array surface, the phase center and various parameters in the array form of the group array along with the time change, thereby realizing the four-dimensional control (three-dimensional space + time) of the array surface, the flexible control of the array surface can be realized by utilizing the software defined mode, the conventional three-dimensional space parameters (comprising frequency, bandwidth, gain, power, channel phase, channel amplitude, transmitting aperture, receiving aperture, phase center and the array form) can be changed along with the time dimension in real time, and the different transmitting or receiving state settings of the array surface to different airspaces and different targets can be realized by the real-time change of various parameters in the time dimension.
Compared with a conventional electric switch, the adopted MEMS switch matrix has the characteristics of low transmission loss, low cost and miniaturization, improves the integration level of the four-dimensional antenna array, reduces the transmission loss of radio-frequency signals, improves the radiation efficiency of an array surface, and can realize the engineering application of the large-scale low-cost four-dimensional antenna array.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a four-dimensional antenna array circuit based on a MEMS switch matrix according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a four-dimensional antenna array based on an MEMS switch matrix includes M antenna elements, an N-in-M-out MEMS switch matrix, a TR component layer of N channels, an L-channel power splitting feed layer of N channels, an up-down conversion layer of L channels, and a digital layer of L channels, where N/L is a positive integer, and M > N;
in a transmitting state, the digital layer generates L paths of intermediate frequency baseband signals with same source coherence, the intermediate frequency baseband signals are converted into radio frequency signals through the up-conversion action of the up-conversion layer and the down-conversion layer of an L channel, the radio frequency signals are transmitted to the power division feed layer, the signals are transmitted to the TR component layer after being divided by L1-division N/L power dividers (N/L is a positive integer), the radio frequency signals are amplified by N paths of TR channels respectively and then transmitted to the MEMS switch matrix, and the switch matrix is input into N paths and connected with the TR component layer; the output is M paths which are connected with the antenna array element, and M is more than N; the switch matrix is controlled by the digital control signal of the digital layer, and the control of different conducting states is carried out according to time parameters, thereby realizing the four-dimensional control (three-dimensional space + time) of the transmitting state of the antenna array surface.
In the receiving state, the antenna array elements of the antenna layer receive echo signals in the space, the gating state control of different channels with the TR component layer is completed by the MEMS switch matrix, thereby realizing the gating of N paths in the M antenna units, and the conducting state changes along with the time dimension, so as to realize the four-dimensional control of the receiving state of the antenna array, the echo signals received by the antenna units after gating are amplified with low noise by the channels of the corresponding TR component layer, the N/L echo signals amplified by the TR component layer are synthesized by the power division feed layer, and forming L paths of echo signals, transmitting the L paths of echo signals to an L-channel up-down conversion layer, finishing the down-conversion function of the signals to form intermediate frequency baseband signals, transmitting the intermediate frequency baseband signals to an L-channel digital layer to realize the digital down-conversion, extraction and filtering functions of the baseband signals, and finally outputting the digital baseband signals.
The digital layer completes the generation of the intermediate frequency baseband signal in the transmitting state and the digital down-conversion, extraction and filtering processing of the intermediate frequency baseband signal in the receiving state; in addition, the digital layer realizes the control of the up-down conversion layer and the TR layer and the real-time control of the MEMS switch matrix, and finally realizes the four-dimensional control (three-dimensional space + time) of the array surface;
the MEMS switch matrix consists of N (N-M +1) throw switches and has the characteristics of low transmission loss, low cost and miniaturization; the MEMS switch matrix is controlled to realize flexible control of various parameters of antenna aperture, phase center and array form along with time change, and compared with conventional electric switches, the MEMS switch matrix has the characteristics of low transmission loss, low cost and miniaturization, and can realize the engineering application of a large-scale low-cost four-dimensional antenna array.
A four-dimensional antenna array based on an MEMS switch matrix adopts the MEMS switch matrix to realize flexible control of various parameters in the form of antenna array surface aperture, phase center and array along with time change, thereby realizing four-dimensional control (three-dimensional space + time) of the array surface, realizing flexible control of the array surface by using a software defined mode, realizing real-time change of conventional three-dimensional space parameters (comprising frequency, bandwidth, gain, power, channel phase, channel amplitude, transmitting aperture, receiving aperture, phase center and array form) along with the time dimension, and realizing different transmitting or receiving state setting of the array surface to different airspaces and different targets by real-time change of various parameters of the time dimension.
Compared with a conventional electric switch, the adopted MEMS switch matrix has the characteristics of low transmission loss, low cost and miniaturization, improves the integration level of the four-dimensional antenna array, reduces the transmission loss of radio-frequency signals, improves the radiation efficiency of an array surface, and can realize the engineering application of the large-scale low-cost four-dimensional antenna array.
Claims (3)
1. A four-dimensional antenna array based on MEMS switch matrix is characterized in that:
the four-dimensional antenna array based on the MEMS switch matrix comprises M antenna array elements, an N-in-M-out MEMS switch matrix, an N-channel TR component layer, an L-channel N-channel power distribution feed layer, an L-channel up-down frequency conversion layer and an L-channel digital layer, wherein N/L is a positive integer, and M is greater than N;
in a transmitting state, the digital layer generates L paths of intermediate frequency baseband signals with same source coherence, the intermediate frequency baseband signals are converted into radio frequency signals through the up-conversion action of the up-conversion layer and the down-conversion layer of an L channel, the radio frequency signals are transmitted to the power division feed layer, the signals are transmitted to the TR component layer after being divided by L1-division N/L power dividers (N/L is a positive integer), the radio frequency signals are amplified by N paths of TR channels respectively and then transmitted to the MEMS switch matrix, and the switch matrix is input into N paths and connected with the TR component layer; the output is M paths which are connected with the antenna array element, and M is more than N; the switch matrix is controlled by the digital control signal of the digital layer, carry on the control of different conducting states according to the time parameter, thus realize the four-dimensional control of the transmitting state of the array surface of the aerial;
in the receiving state, the antenna array elements of the antenna layer receive echo signals in the space, the gating state control of different channels with the TR component layer is completed by the MEMS switch matrix, thereby realizing the gating of N paths in the M antenna units, and the conducting state changes along with the time dimension, so as to realize the four-dimensional control of the receiving state of the antenna array, the echo signals received by the antenna units after gating are amplified with low noise by the channels of the corresponding TR component layer, the N/L echo signals amplified by the TR component layer are synthesized by the power division feed layer, and forming L paths of echo signals, transmitting the L paths of echo signals to an L-channel up-down conversion layer, finishing the down-conversion function of the signals to form intermediate frequency baseband signals, transmitting the intermediate frequency baseband signals to an L-channel digital layer to realize the digital down-conversion, extraction and filtering functions of the baseband signals, and finally outputting the digital baseband signals.
2. The four-dimensional antenna array based on the MEMS switch matrix as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the digital layer completes the generation of intermediate frequency baseband signals in a transmitting state and the digital down-conversion, extraction and filtering processing of the intermediate frequency baseband signals in a receiving state; in addition, the digital layer realizes the control of the up-down conversion layer and the TR layer and the real-time control of the MEMS switch matrix, and finally realizes the four-dimensional control of the array surface.
3. The four-dimensional antenna array based on the MEMS switch matrix as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the MEMS switch matrix is composed of N (N-M +1) throw switches, and flexible control of various parameters in the form of antenna aperture, phase center and array along with time change is realized by controlling the MEMS switch matrix.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113964548A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-21 | 电子科技大学 | In-band scattering reduction structure based on four-dimensional antenna array and control method thereof |
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