CN104144008A - Orthogonal multiple-carrier-frequency signal transmitting device based on four-dimensional antenna array - Google Patents

Orthogonal multiple-carrier-frequency signal transmitting device based on four-dimensional antenna array Download PDF

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CN104144008A
CN104144008A CN201410214760.2A CN201410214760A CN104144008A CN 104144008 A CN104144008 A CN 104144008A CN 201410214760 A CN201410214760 A CN 201410214760A CN 104144008 A CN104144008 A CN 104144008A
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antenna array
frequency
carrier
carrier frequency
dimensional antenna
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CN104144008B (en
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杨仕文
过继新
朱全江
陈宗
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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Abstract

The invention discloses an orthogonal multiple-carrier-frequency signal transmitting device based on a four-dimensional antenna array. A basic structure of the device comprises the antenna array consisting of eight antenna units, eight 0/180-phase selecting switches, a clock and drive circuit, an FPGA unit and a DDS circuit. The orthogonal multiple-carrier-frequency signal transmitting device produces and transmits multiple-carrier-frequency signals with frequencies distributed nearby the center frequency at intervals by utilizing the four-dimensional antenna array and a single DDS branch circuit. Time modulation is performed on each antenna unit signal by controlling changeover of radio frequency switches, and meanwhile the multiple-carrier-frequency signals are transmitted to the specific directions according to all of sideband directional diagrams. Absorption type switches in a traditional four-dimensional antenna array are replaced by the 0/180-phase selecting switches, and the array feed network efficiency is greatly improved. The orthogonal multiple-carrier-frequency signal transmitting device adopts a single frequency signal source to transmit the multiple-carrier-frequency signals, reduces the system complexity and can be widely applied to the multiple-input multiple-output radar field, the covert communication field and the like.

Description

A kind of quadrature multi-carrier frequency signals emitter based on four-dimensional antenna array
Technical field
The invention belongs to antenna works technical field, relate to Array Signal Processing, is a kind of quadrature multi-carrier frequency signals launching technique based on four-dimensional antenna array specifically, can be used for radar, the communications field and requires to the occasion of specific direction transmitting multi-carrier frequency signals.
Background technology
Nineteen fifty-nine, on the conventional antenna array that the people such as the Shanks of U.S. Hughes Aircraft Company (Hughes Aircraft Company) and Bickmore change at space three-dimensional, introduce time dimension, four-dimensional antenna array has been proposed for the first time.1963, the people such as Kummer in USAF laboratory are first by eight yuan of slotted waveguide arrays of time modulation technique application, the ultralow minor level of realized-39.5dB.Four-dimensional antenna array carries out time-modulation to transmitting, and produces harmonic wave outside centre frequency, claims this phenomenon to want for sideband effect.In recent years, the scholar on the ground such as Europe, Asia has launched the research to four-dimensional antenna array, except having given play to it the performance advantages such as Sidelobe, can also utilize the distinct sidebands signal of four-dimensional antenna array to realize the functions such as simultaneous multiple beams scanning, pulse Doppler radar, monopulse direction finding.Four-dimensional antenna array, as a kind of novel array format, has very wide application prospect at radar and the communications field, and the application potential that excavates its sideband effect is also the important development direction of four-dimensional antenna array research.
2003, U.S.'s Lincoln laboratory (Lincoln Laboratory) has proposed the concept of MIMO radar, it adopts a series of orthogonal waveforms to launch, simultaneous multiple beams receives, in weak target and slower-velocity target detection, have huge advantage, Duo Jia research institution has launched the research to its various aspects of performance both at home and abroad.It is characterized in that utilizing the independence between the signal of array element, make the different aspect characteristic of each waveform observed object.At present, China is carrying out theoretical research and the experiment porch research of MIMO radar, and in order to realize the prompt MIMO radar emission signal becoming of waveform quadrature, the design of orthogonal waveforms and optimization become the important subject of MIMO radar.Orthogonal frequency linear FM signal is as one of the transmitted waveform the most widely of MIMO radar application, and the hardware that design produces it seems very necessary.The method that tradition produces multi-carrier frequency signals is to utilize Direct Digital to synthesize (DDS), and each paths needs a set of DDS subsystem, because resolution element is too much, exists system complexity high, the unmanageable problem of the consistency that transmits.Therefore, seek a kind of new multi-carrier frequency signals launching technique significant.
This patent aspect four-dimensional antenna array and the research work of multi-carrier frequency signals launching technique aspect, has proposed a kind of multi-carrier frequency signals emitter based on four-dimensional antenna array based on forefathers.The present invention has done corresponding improvement to four-dimensional antenna array construction of switch, uses 0 degree/180 degree Selecting phasing switches to greatly reduce the power loss that in the past adopts on-off type switch to cause, and has improved sideband radiant power.And innovate in transmitting multi-carrier frequency signals method, producing N carrier frequency from tradition just needs the multi-carrier frequency signals production method of N bar DDS branch road different, near the character of the equifrequent interval harmonic wave producing center frequency-band according to time-modulation, by appropriate design switching sequence, the linear FM signal spread spectrum of single carrier frequency is become to quadrature multi-carrier frequency linear FM signal.The present invention can utilize single DDS branch road in conjunction with four-dimensional antenna array, and generation and tranmitting frequency are equidistantly distributed near multi-carrier frequency signals centre frequency.Maximum innovation is to utilize the sideband effect expansion original signal frequency spectrum of four-dimensional antenna array, near centre frequency, produce the harmonic wave at equifrequent interval, by appropriate design, control the time series of radio-frequency (RF) switch each antenna cell signal is carried out to time-modulation, simultaneously comprehensive each sideband directional diagram, towards specific direction transmitting multi-carrier frequency signals.The method proposing is utilized four-dimensional antenna array sideband effect and single DDS subsystem transmitting multi-carrier frequency signals, greatly reduces system complexity, has improved the consistency that transmits, and has realized the integrated and miniaturization of system.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in view of above-mentioned technical background, object is that the problem that prior art is existed in application is studied and solved, a kind of quadrature multi-carrier frequency signals emitter and method thereof based on four-dimensional antenna array proposed, utilize single CF signal source and four-dimensional antenna array signals to produce multi-carrier frequency linear FM signal, the advantage that produces linear FM signal and four-dimensional antenna array in conjunction with DDS solved conventional digital frequency source in multi-carrier frequency situation because resolution element is too much, consistency is difficult to control, each CF signal needs chip piece and amplifying circuit thereof, high cost problem.
Basic technical scheme of the present invention is:
This device mainly comprises unit 8 uniform linear array, power splitter, radio-frequency switch circuit, on-site programmable gate array FPGA unit and time synchronism apparatus.Wherein FPGA unit comprises: computer interface communication module, radio-frequency (RF) switch time-sequence control module, DDS kernel control module.FPGA circuit board mainly completes two functions, and the one, control 0 all degree/180 degree Selecting phasing switches; The 2nd, control DDS chip and produce linear FM signal sequential.Each 0 degree/180 degree Selecting phasing switch is controlled an antenna element passage, and within modulation period, each selects conducting or disconnection constantly.This periodic break-make can be carried out time-modulation to transmitting, and produces the carrier frequency at equifrequent interval near centre frequency.By appropriate design switch on and off time series, can realize amplitude and the phase weighting of antenna element in each carrier frequency, thereby to specific direction transmitting multi-carrier frequency signals.DDS chip can produce stable linear FM signal easily, and the launching condition that the pulse duration by appropriate design linear FM signal meets four-dimensional antenna array just can utilize mono signal source transmitting multi-carrier frequency signals.
Utilize the process of said method generation quadrature multi-carrier frequency linear FM signal as follows:
1) according to the required requirement transmitting, the waveform parameter of linear FM signal and the time-modulation frequency of four-dimensional antenna array are set, utilize computer optimization and obtain the optimum timing of four-dimensional antenna array work;
2) via computer interface telecommunication circuit, send signal waveform parameter and four-dimensional antenna array sequential to FPGA unit and preserve and process, and produce the linear FM signal of DDS is controlled to sequential, control DDS output linearity FM signal;
3) linear FM signal of radio-frequency (RF) switch control circuit ordered pair output when default is carried out time-modulation at each antenna element, and transmitting of each antenna element superposes in space, forms multi-carrier frequency signals output.
Innovation of the present invention has been to use the sideband effect of four-dimensional antenna array to combine with Direct Digital frequency synthesis, adopts simple signal source transmitting multi-carrier frequency signals.Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1) adopt individual signals source, easily synchronous, the multi-carrier frequency signals phase noise of generation has identical stability, high conformity with source signal principle;
2) control switch break-make sequential is carried out equivalent amplitude-phase weighting, is reducing under the prerequisite of system complexity, and antenna performance can't be subject to obvious impact;
3) this multi-carrier frequency signals launching technique, based on array antenna technology, is synthesized by spatial power, can increase array element quantity and improve transmitting power.
Feature of the present invention is to adopt single linear frequency modulation signal source as feed, has effectively reduced the quantity of DDS chip and amplifier, and then has reduced system complexity, reaches the object of multi-carrier frequency signals emission system miniaturization.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, below the accompanying drawing of required use during embodiment is described is briefly described, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, do not paying under the prerequisite of creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structure chart of the quadrature multi-carrier frequency signals emitter based on four-dimensional antenna array, and wherein 1 is 0 degree/180 degree Selecting phasing switch, the 2nd, and antenna element.
Fig. 2 is 0 degree/180 degree Selecting phasing switch junctions compositions in the present invention, and wherein 11 is 0 degree delay line phases, and 12 is 180 degree delay line phases, the 13rd, and thread switching control, the 14th, single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT).
Fig. 3 is a kind of quadrature multi-carrier frequency signals emitter flow chart based on four-dimensional antenna array.
Fig. 4 is a kind of four-dimensional antenna array structure figure of unit 8 emitter.
Fig. 5 is a kind of switching sequence figure of the quadrature multi-carrier frequency signals emitter based on four-dimensional antenna array, and wherein dash area represents the switch conduction time, and blank parts represents opening time.
Fig. 6 is that the present invention is at centre frequency and the positive and negative first to the 4th sideband directional diagram (positive and negative sideband directional diagram overlaps).
Specific embodiments
With reference to Fig. 3, the process that the present invention launches multi-carrier frequency signals is as follows:
1), according to the required requirement transmitting, the waveform parameter of linear FM signal and the time-modulation frequency of four-dimensional antenna array are set.This waveform parameter comprises initial frequency, initial phase, chirp rate, pulse repetition period of linear FM signal etc.This time-modulation frequency refers to the repetition rate of four-dimensional antenna array switch periods break-make.Wherein fire pulse width is T, and the time-modulation cycle is Tp, and DDS generation signal can be expressed as:
F wherein 0for carrier frequency, μ is chirp rate, for initial phase, U k(t) be the switch control function of k unit,
be normalization conducting/disconnection moment of k unit, modulating bandwidth is B=μ T, and operating frequency is f 0-B/2 is to f 0+ B/2;
2) optimize four-dimensional antenna array sequential, adopt in advance optimized algorithm to be optimized sequential, try to achieve optimum value;
3) pass a parameter, by computer interface telecommunication circuit, send waveform and four-dimensional antenna array sequential to FPGA;
4) reception, preservation and processing parameter, calculating and the interface module by FPGA unit received rear preservation;
5) FPGA produces and controls sequential, controls single DDS unit and produces linear FM signal, and through differential amplification, after low-pass filtering and power amplification, output to power splitter;
6) each road signal of power splitter connects radio-frequency (RF) switch, and radio-frequency (RF) switch is by the break-make on this road of default sequencing control.By clock control, make the moment of switch on and off synchronize with the moment that signal produces;
7) radio-frequency (RF) switch linear FM signal on this road of ordered pair when default is carried out time-modulation, and frequency spectrum has been expanded in each road signal elapsed time modulation, and inputs to antenna element;
8) antenna element is by the signal transmitting after time-modulation, and transmitting of each antenna element superposes in space, forms multi-carrier frequency signals output, and it transmits as follows:
S Ra ( θ , t ) = e j 2 π f 0 t Σ k = 1 N = 8 S In ( t ) U k ( t ) e jβ ( k - 1 ) d sin θ
Embodiment: four-dimensional antenna array multi-carrier frequency signals emitter and method thereof based on unit 8
With reference to Fig. 4, the omni-directional array element that adopts 8 half-wavelengths equidistantly to distribute in the present embodiment forms four-dimensional antenna array.This array antenna mainly comprises 8 antenna elements, 8 tunnel 0 degree/180 degree Selecting phasing switches, 1 minute 8 power splitter, FPGA circuit board, synchronizer and signal source.All switches are controlled by FPGA circuit board.
By adopting optimized algorithm, optimize the Selecting phasing sequential of 0 degree/180 degree Selecting phasing switches, can the in the situation that of constant amplitude homophase feed, realize to side and penetrate direction transmitting multi-carrier frequency signals, Fig. 5 is the control sequential that adopts the unit that optimized algorithm optimization draws, wherein black shade partly represents that switch is in conducting state, and blank parts represents that switch is in off-state.Fig. 6 is the four-dimensional antenna array that is operated in multi-carrier frequency signals emission state at time-modulation directional diagram at centre frequency and positive and negative four sidebands in the cycle.Visible, the directional diagram of center frequency-band and positive and negative the first sideband overlaps, and positive and negative their peak level of the second sideband differs 4dB, the sidebands levels of several more high-orders of positive and negative the 3rd sideband-below 13dB.Therefore, under this state, can utilize the multi-carrier frequency signals (center frequency-band and positive and negative the first sideband be totally three passages) at 3 constant amplitude equifrequent intervals of unit 8 line array transmitting or 5 amplitudes of transmitting to differ 4dB with the multi-carrier frequency signals (center frequency-band and positive and negative two sidebands are totally five passages) of interior equifrequent interval carrier frequency.Due to each, each antenna element is in work constantly, and switch has only changed the phase place transmitting, and the transient state directivity factor of this array antenna is 1, and radiation efficiency improves greatly.The signal producing can be applied in the multi-input multi-output radar system of frequency diversity, the great potential of weak target and slower-velocity target being surveyed as transmitted waveform.Be more than the description to the present invention and embodiment thereof providing to the engineers and technicians that are familiar with field of the present invention, these descriptions should be considered to be illustrative, but not determinate.The engineers and technicians accordingly thought in invention claims do concrete operation and implement, and naturally also can the above to embodiment, do a series of change according to this.Above-mentioned these all should be regarded as coverage of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. the quadrature multi-carrier frequency signals emitter based on four-dimensional antenna array, its basic structure comprises aerial array, 8 tunnels 0 degree/180 degree Selecting phasing switches, clock and drive circuit, on-site programmable gate array FPGA unit and the Direct Digital frequency synthesis DDS circuit being comprised of 8 antenna elements; This device adopts a slice DDS unit of FPGA unit controls and a plurality of radio-frequency switch circuit; DDS unit, for generation of single CF signal, is being divided into the multiple signals of constant amplitude homophase after amplification and filtering by power splitter, each road access radio frequency phase switcher of multiple signals, accesses an antenna element afterwards; A plurality of radio-frequency (RF) switch are carried out break-make according to default time series; It is characterized in that utilizing single DDS branch road in conjunction with near the sideband characteristic of four-dimensional antenna array equifrequent harmonic wave spaced apart centre frequency, produce multi-carrier frequency signals; By Optimization Algorithm, control the time series of radio-frequency (RF) switch, comprehensive a plurality of sideband directional diagrams, make these sidebands point to same direction simultaneously, thus towards specific direction transmitting multi-carrier frequency signals.
2. a kind of quadrature multi-carrier frequency signals emitter based on four-dimensional antenna array according to claim 1, it is characterized in that adopting the periodicity break-make of radio-frequency (RF) switch, input signal is carried out to periodic modulation, and this time-modulation cycle is the inverse of multi-carrier frequency signals frequency interval.
3. a kind of quadrature multi-carrier frequency signals emitter based on four-dimensional antenna array according to claim 1, it is characterized in that signal source produces linear FM signal, its bandwidth is identical with multi-carrier frequency frequency interval, and the time-modulation cycle is the integral multiple of pulse signal pulse duration.
4. a kind of quadrature multi-carrier frequency signals emitter based on four-dimensional antenna array according to claim 1, the radio-frequency (RF) switch structure described in it is characterized in that is 0 degree/180 degree Selecting phasing switch.
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CN111029744A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-04-17 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 Four-dimensional antenna array based on MEMS switch matrix
CN111751812A (en) * 2020-06-03 2020-10-09 之江实验室 Microwave photon time division multiplexing MIMO radar detection method and system
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