CN104934675A - High-power synthesizer and synthetic method for light satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) - Google Patents
High-power synthesizer and synthetic method for light satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-power synthesizer for a light satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR). A signal is input to a power divider (in a case of a single feed source, the signal is directly input to an electronic switch), the signal is output to a certain port of an input Butler matrix by the electronic switch, the input Butler matrix is used for performing power division on the signal according to a certain phase relation, the signal is output to a phase shifter group for phase error compensation, the signal is output to a pulse power amplifier group for power amplification after being subjected to phase error compensation by the phase shifter group, the pulse power amplifier group outputs the signal to an output Butler matrix, the output Butler matrix is used for synthesizing the signal to a corresponding output port according to the selective relation of the previous electronic switch, and finally the signal passes through a circulator and then enters an antenna feed source to form corresponding emission wave beams. By adopting the technology disclosed by the invention, the development bottleneck of aerospace high-power pulse power amplification and the on-orbit failure risk of a high-power electronic switch can be avoided, the high-power synthesizer is simple to implement and is high in reliability, and moreover, the wave control function of antenna wave beam switching can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power synthesizer and synthetic method, particularly a kind of power synthesizer for spaceborne light-duty SAR and synthetic method, the double freedom motion of windsurfing can be realized on star, belong to microwave remote sensing technique field.
Background technology
Satellite-borne SAR is a kind of high-resolution microwave imaging radar, compared with visible ray, other remote sensors such as infrared, there is the feature of round-the-clock, round-the-clock, remote imaging, even can penetrate the stratum of vegetation or certain depth, scout by vegetative coverage, the even vanishing target information of the following certain depth in earth's surface.Satellite-borne SAR, especially due to the advantage of high-resolution, global, round-the-clock, round-the-clock, solves the adverse effect that night and cloud desk are scouted space borne imagery, has become important component part indispensable in space flight military surveillance equipment.
Spaceborne light-duty SAR has the feature of lightweight, agility, general employing passive reflecting surface antenna system.Up to the present, the satellite-borne SAR of domestic and international passive reflecting surface antenna system mainly contains the SARLupe of Germany, the TECSAR of Israel, and the HJ-1C etc. of China.SARLupe adopts single X-band 6000W pulse row to straighten to connect and provide the radiofrequency signal of the peak value transmitting power needed for system, and its composition frame chart as shown in Figure 1.TECSAR adopts to be put by many pulse row provides high-power signal needed for system by high-power synthesis, but its concrete ins and outs and implementation method have no open report, HJ-1C adopts many pulses admittedly to put and provides high-power signal needed for system by high-power synthesis, and its composition frame chart as shown in Figure 2.
As can be seen from Figure 1, the high-power solution of SARLupe is simple, but need that the X-band space impulse of thousands of watts is capable to be put, this is for west military power, it not any technical barrier, but be technical bottleneck for China, be difficult to capture that space highpowerpulse is capable puts Development Techniques in a short time, and be difficult to from external introduction.In addition, the high-power solution of SARLupe limits radar can only form a fixing wave beam, antenna cannot realize wave beam electric scanning, be difficult to the imaging pattern realized as mosaic, scanning etc. have higher requirements to beam scanning speed, also need the pitching by satellite platform to realize even the wave beam of the imaging patterns such as slip pack, band switches at a slow speed.For external, because satellite is motor-driven, appearance control techniques level is high, easily via satellite platform distance to fixed point swing, given antenna visual angle can be arrived rapidly, and reach attitude-hold mode rapidly, ensure that radar high efficiency can carry out imaging in time, realize predetermined reconnaissance mission.
As can be seen from Figure 2, the high-power solution of HJ-1C admittedly puts the simple synthesis of row into by 8 400W, although avoid the capable technical bottleneck of putting of highpowerpulse, but when in order to the imaging pattern had higher requirements to beam scanning speed such as realize scanning, have to employ the microwave electron switch needing to bear 800W, during radar operation on orbit, electronic switch ceaselessly switches fast, there is failure risk in-orbit.
By consulting the high-power synthetic technology present situation of domestic and international satellite-borne SAR, open or can the high-power technology that HJ-1C SAR satellite be only had of reference.The power combing of many power amplifiers is just 1 tunnel by prior art, again according to antenna beam need carry out merit and divide and select with high power switch, its shortcoming or deficiency are that high power switch development difficulty is large, and there is failure risk in-orbit, cause whole star disabler or reduction, prior art has high-power power splitter and high-power electronic switch in addition, and Insertion Loss is larger, reduce system sensitivity performance, and control planning is complicated.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of power synthesizer for spaceborne light-duty SAR is provided, signal is input to power splitter, signal is outputted to certain Single port of input Butler matrix by electronic switch, input Butler matrix carries out merit to signal according to certain phase relation and divides, output to the phase shifter group for compensation of phase error, phase shifter group outputs to pulse row and puts group and carry out power amplification after carrying out phase error compensation to signal, pulse row is put group and signal is outputted to output Butler matrix again, export the Butler matrix choice relation according to electronic switch above by signal syntheses to corresponding output port, last signal enters into antenna feed through circulator and forms corresponding launching beam.Avoid using high-power power splitter and high-power electronic switch to reach, reliability is high, and Insertion Loss is low, and ripple position controls simple etc. advantage.
Object of the present invention is achieved by following technical solution: a kind of power synthesizer for spaceborne light-duty SAR, comprises ripple position control module, input Butler matrix, phase compensation block, power amplifier module, directional couple module, phase place monitoring module, exports Butler matrix, launching and receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media and feed battle array;
Described ripple position control module utilizes electronic switch to select the input port of input Butler matrix, sends to input Butler matrix by input signal from the input port selected;
The signal of described input Butler matrix to input carry out merit divide and phase place on-dispersive control after output to phase compensation block and carry out color dispersion-type phase shift process; Described phase compensation block comprises m phase shifter;
Described power amplifier module comprises m travelling wave tube, launching and receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media comprises m circulator and receiver, directional couple module comprises m directional coupler, feed battle array comprises m feed, and power amplifier module exports to directional couple module after carrying out power amplification to the signal after color dispersion-type phase shift process;
Directional couple module carries out directional couple to the signal after the power amplification received, divide serve as theme high-power signal and subordinate line low-power level signal, and main line high-power signal is exported to output Butler matrix, subordinate line low-power level signal is exported to launching and receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media;
The main line high-power signal exporting the output of Butler matrix reception directional couple module carries out high-power synthesis, after selecting the output port exporting Butler matrix to be exported by signal, exports to feed battle array by launching and receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media;
The subordinate line low-power level signal that launching and receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media receives the output of directional couple module carries out phase calculation, obtains Sensor gain and phase perturbations result, and Sensor gain and phase perturbations result is exported to phase place monitoring module; Described Sensor gain and phase perturbations is the Sensor gain and phase perturbations of each travelling wave tube in power amplifier module;
Phase calculation result is exported to phase compensation block by phase place monitoring module, and carry out phase compensation to the follow-up signal being input to power amplifier module, the phase place that power amplifier module is outputed signal is consistent.
The output port of described output Butler matrix is corresponding with the input Butler Input matrix port that electronic switch is selected.
Described m is 2 positive integers times.
For a power synthesizer of spaceborne light-duty SAR, comprise a power splitter and the power synthesizer described in n;
Input signal is divided into n road by described power splitter, and output is connected with the input of n described power synthesizer respectively, described n be more than or equal to 2 positive integer.
The present invention's beneficial effect is compared with prior art:
(1) the present invention adopts and carries out small-signal merit divide according to participating in the feed number of Wave beam forming, avoids the high-power merit of prior art to divide, can realize reducing Insertion Loss, improve the advantage of system sensitivity;
(2) the present invention adopts electronic switch to carry out small-signal selection, avoids the high power switch of prior art, can realize reducing Insertion Loss, improves system sensitivity, improves the advantage of reliability etc.;
(3) the present invention realizes antenna ripple position controlling functions while employing electronic switch carries out small-signal selection, can realize reduction system extension set, quality, improve the advantage of system reliability etc.;
(4) the present invention adopts butler matrix, avoids high-power power splitter and the electronic switch of prior art, can realize the advantage that filter with low insertion loss, reliability are high;
(5) the present invention adopts phase place in-orbit to monitor, solves prior art can not carry out phase error compensation in-orbit shortcoming to power amplifier, can be implemented in rail error compensation, improve the advantage of combined coefficient.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the high-power technology frame chart of SARLupe;
Fig. 2 is the high-power synthetic technology block diagram of HJ-1C;
Fig. 3 is the wave beam not high-power synthesis block diagram of spaceborne light-duty SAR under broadened case;
Fig. 4 is the high-power synthesis block diagram of spaceborne light-duty SAR under wave beam needs broadening condition;
Fig. 5 is that butler matrix isolation affects schematic diagram to combined coefficient;
Fig. 6 is that synthesis affects schematic diagram to signal waveform;
Fig. 7 is that synthesis affects schematic diagram to pulse pressure performance.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is further described in detail.
Fig. 3 gives the power combining schemes that antenna beam does not need broadening, and namely each wave beam only needs a feed just can be formed, and therefore high-powerly synthesizes a unified network.As can be seen from Figure 3, a kind of power synthesizer for spaceborne light-duty SAR that the present invention proposes, is characterized in that: comprise ripple position control module, input Butler matrix, phase compensation block, power amplifier module, directional couple module, phase place monitoring module, export Butler matrix, launching and receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media and feed battle array;
Described ripple position control module utilizes electronic switch to select the input port of input Butler matrix, sends to input Butler matrix by input signal from the input port selected;
The signal of described input Butler matrix to input carry out merit divide and phase place on-dispersive control after output to phase compensation block and carry out color dispersion-type phase shift process; Described phase compensation block comprises m phase shifter; Described m is the positive integer of 2,4 or 8 etc.
Described power amplifier module comprises m travelling wave tube, launching and receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media comprises m circulator and receiver, directional couple module comprises m directional coupler, feed battle array comprises m feed, power amplifier module exports to directional couple module after carrying out power amplification to the signal after color dispersion-type phase shift process
Directional couple module carries out directional couple to the signal after the power amplification received, divide serve as theme high-power signal and subordinate line low-power level signal, and main line high-power signal is exported to output Butler matrix, subordinate line low-power level signal is exported to launching and receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media;
The main line high-power signal exporting the output of Butler matrix reception directional couple module carries out high-power synthesis, after selecting the output port exporting Butler matrix to be exported by signal, exports to feed battle array by launching and receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media; The output port of described output Butler matrix is corresponding with the input Butler Input matrix port that electronic switch is selected.
The subordinate line low-power level signal that launching and receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media receives the output of directional couple module carries out phase calculation, obtains Sensor gain and phase perturbations result, and Sensor gain and phase perturbations result is exported to phase place monitoring module; Described Sensor gain and phase perturbations is the Sensor gain and phase perturbations of each travelling wave tube in power amplifier module;
Phase calculation result is exported to phase compensation block by phase place monitoring module, and carry out phase compensation to the follow-up signal being input to power amplifier module, the phase place that power amplifier module is outputed signal is consistent.
Fig. 4 gives the power combining schemes that antenna beam needs broadening, at this moment, each wave beam needs two even plural feeds to be formed, therefore high-powerly two laterally zygomorphic networks are synthesized, if need multiple feed, then need multiple network, consider system complexity, the feed number that general each wave beam participates in is too much unsuitable.Antenna beam needs the power synthesizer in the power combining schemes of broadening to comprise a power splitter and the power synthesizer shown in n Fig. 3;
Input signal is divided into n road by described power splitter, and output is connected with the input of the power synthesizer shown in n Fig. 3 respectively, described n be more than or equal to 2 positive integer.
2, high-power synthetic method operation principle
Without loss of generality, high-power comprise network as shown in Figure 3, supposes that the transfer function matrix of input matrix is T
in, the transfer function matrix of power amplifier matrix is T
hp, the transfer function matrix of output matrix is T
out.Suppose that require that feed 1 works, all the other feeds do not work because Wave beam forming demand.
Suppose to be controlled by small-signal electronic switch, make small-signal from the input port S of input matrix
i4input, then inputting small-signal vector is:
S
i＝(0 0 0 s
4)
T
According to Fig. 3, the signal phasor of input small-signal after input matrix is:
As can be seen here, small signal S is inputted
iafter input matrix, the signal power of each output port is equal, and phase place is different.Due in radar system, in order to improve power amplification efficiency, under power amplifier General Requirements is operated in dark saturation condition, as long as namely the input signal power of power amplifier changes in its excitation range, gain is always a steady state value.In addition, in this high-power synthetic schemes, power amplifier matrix just carries out power amplification to low-power level signal, the transmission characteristic of power amplifier matrix can not change the magnitude relationship of each signal, the phase relation of each signal can not be changed, otherwise the power combing effect of output matrix can receive impact, if phase characteristic is regulated by phase shift, compensate the inconsistency of each power amplifier additive phase, and input stimulus is regulated by attenuator, it is made to meet the excitation requirement of each power amplifier, as long as ensure that the output signal power of each power amplifier is consistent, just can ensure that attenuator is consistent with the integration gain of power amplifier, just can meet the requirement of power combing.Because the output signal power of each power amplifier is consistent, therefore, the power demand that conventional method one of requiring is very large, just can share out equally each power amplifier, be amplified respectively by each power amplifier, just can reduce the high power requirement to power amplifier.The signal power of each output port of input matrix is equal is favourable to power combing.When the gain of each power amplifier is all identical with additive phase, i.e. k
1=k
2=k
3=k
4=k,
time, the signal phasor of signal phasor after the transmission matrix of power amplifier is:
Finally, signal phasor S
bsignal phasor after output matrix is:
From above two formulas, the power of 4 power amplifiers output signal and with port S
o1signal power is k
2| s
4|
2, the signal power namely after 4 power amplifiers amplifications is all synthesized to port S
o1on, achieve the object of high-power synthesis.
3, phase place monitors and compensates
According to prior art and technological level, the Sensor gain and phase perturbations of each passage power amplifier can only control at present in ± 20 °, add the insertion phase error of each channel path, the final phase equalization of each passage generally exceedes ± 30 ° of scopes, therefore, if do not take phase alignment measure in-orbit, combined coefficient is difficult to reach and meets system requirements.
So, subsystem adopts phase alignment measure as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, before each imaging, phase place supervision and phase compensation are carried out to each passage, the phase equalization of each passage is accurately controlled, in ± 5 °, the combined coefficient of power synthesizer is remained on more than 90%.Concrete calibration program is, by directional coupler, the output signal that each row is put is coupled to phase alignment network, carries out phase calculation and obtains the Sensor gain and phase perturbations that each row puts, then puts line phase calibration according to Sensor gain and phase perturbations into each row.
Content of the present invention carries out the achievement in research of tackling key problems for the high-power synthesis key technology of the spaceborne light-duty SAR radar of China's first generation.Satellite orbital altitude is 400--600km, and service band is X, and antenna area is about 12m
2resolution index request is 0.5m × 0.5m, system sensitivity is for being better than-20dB, imaging fabric width is 10km × 10km, and therefore, system peak transmitting power is 6kW magnitude, index request could be met, but China does not also possess 6kW aerospace level pulse row and puts research condition, needs to adopt high-power synthetic technology to solve.The high-power synthetic schemes that we determine as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, comprises following several performing step:
(1) low-power level signal exported by the pre-power amplifier of system, is input to power splitter, carries out merit and divide, if single feed participates in, power splitter can not have;
(2) low-power level signal after power splitter merit is divided is input to input butler matrix, carries out merit and divides and control with phase place on-dispersive;
(3) low-power level signal after input butler matrix disposal is input to phase compensation block and carries out color dispersion-type phase shift process, Main Function is the color dispersion-type phase error compensating the introducing such as comprise network path and pulse amplifier, the phase shift value of phase compensation block needs to determine according to phase place monitoring result, is realized by upper note phase shifting parameter by ground;
(4) low-power level signal after phase compensation block process is input to power amplifier module and carries out power amplification, power output after amplification is generally hundreds of on kilowatt, therefore, through power amplifier amplified signal generally also referred to as high-power signal, but also discontented pedal system performance requirement, therefore needs further synthesis;
(5) high-power signal after power amplifier module amplifies is input to directional couple module, main line exports high-power signal to exporting butler matrix, to carry out power combing, subordinate line exports low-power level signal to launching and receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media, to carry out phase place supervision;
(6) the main line high-power signal after directional couple resume module is input to and exports butler matrix, carries out final high-power synthesis, and exports launching and receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media to;
(7) the subordinate line low-power level signal after directional couple resume module is input to launching and receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media, carries out receiving, gathering and phase calculation process, obtains the Sensor gain and phase perturbations in the path and pulse amplifier etc. of each passage of comprise network.
High-power synthesis example:
As shown in Figure 3, suppose that small-signal inputs, from output butler matrix output port S from input butler Input matrix port 4
o1export large-signal, it is 59dBm that single row puts power, and the ideal power after synthesis is 65dBm.
(1) amplitude phase error, isolation are on the impact of combined coefficient
Table 1 is for when butler matrix ports isolation is 20dB, and amplitude phase error affects statistics to combined coefficient.
Table 1
Fig. 5 for when amplitude phase error be ± 0.5dB with ± 5 ° time, butler matrix ports isolation affects result to combined coefficient, wherein, abscissa is interport isolation, and ordinate is combined coefficient, can be seen by Fig. 5, when isolation is more than 17dB, efficiency is about 97%, and actual isolation is 20dB, and efficiency can reach 98%.
(1) amplitude phase error, isolation are on the impact of combined coefficient
Fig. 6, Fig. 7 are respectively amplitude phase error for ± 0.5dB and ± 5 °, and butler matrix ports isolation is 20dB, and signal pulsewidth is 30us, when bandwidth is 800MHz, and signal waveform and pulse pressure result before and after synthesis.Fig. 6 abscissa is burst length (us), and ordinate is normalized signal amplitude, and Fig. 7 abscissa is burst length (us), and ordinate is point target normalized power after pulse pressure.As seen from Figure 6, the rear signal amplitude of synthesis is about 2 times before synthesis, and namely power is 4 times, reaches the object that 4 tunnels synthesize 1 tunnel, and as seen from Figure 7, before and after synthesis, signal pulse pressure performance is completely the same, illustrates that the present invention can not introduce extra error to signal.
According to above-mentioned high-power synthesis sample result, the inventive method meets the high-power mission need of spaceborne light-duty SAR, and signal performance requirement.
The content be not described in detail in specification of the present invention belongs to the known technology of professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (4)
1. for a power synthesizer of spaceborne light-duty SAR, it is characterized in that: comprise ripple position control module, input Butler matrix, phase compensation block, power amplifier module, directional couple module, phase place monitoring module, export Butler matrix, launching and receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media and feed battle array;
Described ripple position control module utilizes electronic switch to select the input port of input Butler matrix, sends to input Butler matrix by input signal from the input port selected;
The signal of described input Butler matrix to input carry out merit divide and phase place on-dispersive control after output to phase compensation block and carry out color dispersion-type phase shift process; Described phase compensation block comprises m phase shifter;
Described power amplifier module comprises m travelling wave tube, launching and receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media comprises m circulator and receiver, directional couple module comprises m directional coupler, feed battle array comprises m feed, and power amplifier module exports to directional couple module after carrying out power amplification to the signal after color dispersion-type phase shift process;
Directional couple module carries out directional couple to the signal after the power amplification received, divide serve as theme high-power signal and subordinate line low-power level signal, and main line high-power signal is exported to output Butler matrix, subordinate line low-power level signal is exported to launching and receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media;
The main line high-power signal exporting the output of Butler matrix reception directional couple module carries out high-power synthesis, after selecting the output port exporting Butler matrix to be exported by signal, exports to feed battle array by launching and receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media;
The subordinate line low-power level signal that launching and receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media receives the output of directional couple module carries out phase calculation, obtains Sensor gain and phase perturbations result, and Sensor gain and phase perturbations result is exported to phase place monitoring module; Described Sensor gain and phase perturbations is the Sensor gain and phase perturbations of each travelling wave tube in power amplifier module;
Phase calculation result is exported to phase compensation block by phase place monitoring module, and carry out phase compensation to the follow-up signal being input to power amplifier module, the phase place that power amplifier module is outputed signal is consistent.
2. a kind of power synthesizer for spaceborne light-duty SAR according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the output port of described output Butler matrix is corresponding with the input Butler Input matrix port that electronic switch is selected.
3. a kind of power synthesizer for spaceborne light-duty SAR according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described m is the positive integer times of 2.
4. for a power synthesizer of spaceborne light-duty SAR, it is characterized in that: comprise a power splitter and the power synthesizer described in a n claim 1;
Input signal is divided into n road by described power splitter, and output is connected with the input of power synthesizer described in a n claim 1 respectively, described n be more than or equal to 2 positive integer.
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| CN110018455A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-07-16 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Amplitude-phase consistency error calibrates measurement method between Space-borne SAR Imaging receiving channel |
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| CN110821770A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2020-02-21 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Electric propulsion system based on satellite-borne application system microwave source |
| CN111082817B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-04-06 | 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 | Phase compensation method and system for improving linearity |
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| CN112600592B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-10-08 | 广东纳睿雷达科技股份有限公司 | Butler matrix phase weighting optimization method and Butler matrix |
| CN116155363A (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2023-05-23 | 中国人民解放军61096部队 | Multi-beam satellite wireless communication signal resource allocation method, electronic equipment and medium |
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