CN104934675B - A kind of power synthesizer and synthetic method for spaceborne light-duty SAR - Google Patents
A kind of power synthesizer and synthetic method for spaceborne light-duty SAR Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of power synthesizer for spaceborne light-duty SAR, signal is input to power splitter (single feed situation, it is directly inputted to electronic switch), electronic switch outputs a signal to certain Single port of input Butler matrixes, input Butler matrixes and work(point is carried out according to certain phase relation to signal, it is output to the phase shifter group for compensating phase error, phase shifter group puts a group progress power amplification to being output to pulse row after signal progress phase error compensation, pulse row puts group and outputs a signal to output Butler matrixes again, signal is synthesized to corresponding output port by output Butler matrixes according to the choice relation of above electronic switch, last signal enters antenna feed by circulator and forms corresponding launching beam.The development bottleneck that aerospace class large power pulse row puts, and the in-orbit failure risk of high-power electronic switch can be avoided using the technology of the present invention, realize simple, reliability is high, and can realize the ripple control function of antenna beam switching.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power synthesizer and synthetic method, particularly a kind of big work(for spaceborne light-duty SAR
Rate synthesizer and synthetic method, the double freedom motion of windsurfing can be realized on star, belongs to microwave remote sensing technique field.
Background technology
Satellite-borne SAR is a kind of high-resolution microwave imaging radar, compared with other remote sensors such as visible ray, infrared, is had
Round-the-clock, round-the-clock, the characteristics of being imaged at a distance, or even the stratum of vegetation or certain depth can be penetrated, scout by vegetative coverage
, or even the vanishing target information of earth's surface certain depth below.Satellite-borne SAR be even more due to high-resolution, it is global, round-the-clock,
The advantage of round-the-clock, solve the adverse effect that night and cloud desk are scouted to space borne imagery, have become aerospace military and scout dress
Indispensable important component in standby.
Spaceborne light-duty SAR has the characteristics of lightweight, agility, typically uses passive reflecting surface antenna system.To current
Untill, the satellite-borne SAR of domestic and international passive reflecting surface antenna system mainly has SARLupe, the TECSAR of Israel of Germany, and
The HJ-1C in China etc..SARLupe straightens the peak value transmitting work(connect needed for offer system using single X-band 6000W pulse row
Rate radiofrequency signal, its composition frame chart are as shown in Figure 1.TECSAR uses to be put by more pulse rows synthesizes the system of offer by high-power
Required high-power signal, but its particular technique details and the not disclosed report of implementation method, HJ-1C are put admittedly using more pulses
It is as shown in Figure 2 by the high-power signal needed for high-power synthesis offer system, its composition frame chart.
It will be seen from figure 1 that the high-power solutions of SARLupe are simple, but need thousands of watts of X-band space impulse row
Put, what technical barrier this has not been for west military power, but is technical bottleneck for China, is difficult in a short time
Capture space highpowerpulse row and put Development Techniques, and be difficult to be introduced from foreign countries.In addition, SARLupe high-power solution party
Case limits radar and can be only formed a fixed wave beam, and antenna can not realize wave beam electric scanning, is difficult to realize such as mosaic, sweeps
The imaging pattern being had higher requirements to beam scanning speed such as retouch, even the wave beam for sliding the imaging patterns such as pack, band is slow
Speed switching is also required to realize by the pitching of satellite platform.For foreign countries, because satellite is motor-driven, attitude control technology water
Flat height, it is easy to by satellite platform distance to fixed point swing, given antenna visual angle can be reached rapidly, and be rapidly reached
Attitude-hold mode, ensure that radar high efficiency can be imaged in time, realize predetermined reconnaissance mission.
Figure it is seen that the high-power solutions of HJ-1C are to put row into admittedly by 8 400W simply to synthesize, although avoiding
The technical bottleneck that highpowerpulse row is put, but in order to realize imaging that scanning etc. has higher requirements to beam scanning speed
During pattern, it has to which having used needs the microwave electron for bearing 800W to switch, and during radar operation on orbit, electronic switch is ceaselessly fast
, in-orbit failure risk be present in speed switching.
By the high-power synthetic technology present situation for consulting domestic and international satellite-borne SAR, it has been disclosed that or the only HJ-1C that may be referred to
The high-power technology of SAR satellites.The power combing of more power amplifiers is simply 1 tunnel by prior art, further according to the need of antenna beam
Work(point and high power switch selection are carried out, its shortcoming or deficiency are that high power switch development difficulty is big, and in-orbit mistake be present
Risk is imitated, causes whole star disabler or reduction, prior art has high-power power splitter and high-power electronic switch, Insertion Loss in addition
It is larger, system sensitivity performance is reduced, and control planning is complicated.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of high-power conjunction for spaceborne light-duty SAR
Grow up to be a useful person, signal is input to power splitter, and electronic switch outputs a signal to certain Single port of input Butler matrixes, inputs Butler
Matrix carries out work(point to signal according to certain phase relation, is output to the phase shifter group for compensating phase error, phase shifter group
A group progress power amplification is put to being output to pulse row after signal progress phase error compensation, pulse row is put group and output a signal to again
Butler matrixes are exported, signal is synthesized to corresponding output by output Butler matrixes according to the choice relation of above electronic switch
Port, last signal enter antenna feed by circulator and form corresponding launching beam.Avoid using high-power work(to reach
Divide device and high-power electronic switch, reliability is high, and Insertion Loss is low, and ripple position controls simple the advantages of waiting.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved by following technical solution：A kind of high-power synthesis for spaceborne light-duty SAR
Device, including ripple position control module, input Butler matrixes, phase compensation block, power amplifier module, directional couple module, phase
Position monitoring module, output Butler matrixes, transmitting are with receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media and feed battle array；
Ripple position control module using electronic switch selection input Butler matrixes input port, by input signal from
The input port of selection is sent in input Butler matrixes；
The input Butler matrixes are output to phase benefit after work(point and the control of phase on-dispersive are carried out to the signal of input
Repay module and carry out color dispersion-type phase shift processing；The phase compensation block includes m phase shifter；
The power amplifier module includes m travelling-wave tubes, and transmitting includes m circulator and reception with receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media
Machine, directional couple module include m directional coupler, and feed battle array includes m feed, power amplifier module to color dispersion-type phase shift at
Exported after signal progress power amplification after reason and give orientation coupling module；
Directional couple module is oriented coupling to the signal after the power amplification that receives, is divided into main line high-power signal
With subordinate line low-power level signal, and by main line high-power signal export Butler matrixes to output, subordinate line low-power level signal is exported
To transmitting with receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media；
The main line high-power signal for exporting the output of Butler matrix reception directional couples module carries out high-power synthesis, selection
The output port of Butler matrixes is exported by after signal output, is exported by transmitting with reception mixed-media network modules mixed-media and gives feed battle array；
The subordinate line low-power level signal that transmitting receives the output of directional couple module with receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media carries out phase calculation, obtains
To Sensor gain and phase perturbations result, and Sensor gain and phase perturbations result is exported and gives phase monitoring module；The Sensor gain and phase perturbations are
The Sensor gain and phase perturbations of each travelling-wave tubes in power amplifier module；
Phase monitoring module exports phase calculation result to phase compensation block, to being subsequently input to power amplifier module
Signal carry out phase compensation so that the phase of power amplifier module output signal is consistent.
The input Butler Input matrixes port phase that the output port of the output Butler matrixes selects with electronic switch
It is corresponding.
The m is 2 positive integer times.
A kind of power synthesizer for spaceborne light-duty SAR, including a power splitter and n described high-power synthesis
Device；
Input signal is divided into n roads by the power splitter, and the output end input with the n power synthesizers respectively
Connection, the n are the positive integer more than or equal to 2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
(1) present invention carries out small-signal work(point using according to the feed number for participating in Wave beam forming, avoids prior art
High-power work(point, it is possible to achieve reduce Insertion Loss, the advantages of improving system sensitivity；
(2) present invention carries out small-signal selection using electronic switch, avoids the high power switch of prior art, it is possible to achieve
The advantages of reducing Insertion Loss, raising system sensitivity, raising reliability etc.；
(3) present invention realizes antenna ripple position control function while small-signal selection is carried out using electronic switch, can be with
The advantages of realizing reduction system extension set, quality, raising system reliability etc.；
(4) present invention uses butler matrixes, avoids the high-power power splitter and electronic switch of prior art, it is possible to achieve
The advantages of filter with low insertion loss, reliability height etc.；
(5) present invention is monitored using in-orbit phase, and solve prior art in-orbit can not carry out phase error benefit to power amplifier
The shortcomings that repaying, it is possible to achieve in-orbit error compensation, improve combined coefficient the advantages of.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the high-power technology frame charts of SARLupe；
Fig. 2 is the high-power synthetic technology block diagrams of HJ-1C；
Fig. 3 is the spaceborne light-duty high-power synthesis block diagrams of SAR under wave beam not broadened case；
Fig. 4 is the high-power synthesis block diagram that wave beam needs spaceborne light-duty SAR under the conditions of broadening；
Fig. 5 is influence schematic diagram of the butler matrixes isolation to combined coefficient；
Fig. 6 is influence schematic diagram of the synthesis to signal waveform；
Fig. 7 is influence schematic diagram of the synthesis to pulse pressure performance.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 3 gives the power combining schemes that antenna beam does not need broadening, i.e., each wave beam only needs a feed
To be formed, therefore high-power synthesize a unified network.As can be seen from Figure 3, it is proposed by the present invention a kind of for spaceborne light-duty
SAR power synthesizer, it is characterised in that：Including ripple position control module, input Butler matrixes, phase compensation block, work(
Rate amplification module, directional couple module, phase monitoring module, output Butler matrixes, transmitting are with receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media and feed
Battle array；
Ripple position control module using electronic switch selection input Butler matrixes input port, by input signal from
The input port of selection is sent in input Butler matrixes；
The input Butler matrixes are output to phase benefit after work(point and the control of phase on-dispersive are carried out to the signal of input
Repay module and carry out color dispersion-type phase shift processing；The phase compensation block includes m phase shifter；The m be 2,4 or 8 etc. it is just whole
Number.
The power amplifier module includes m travelling-wave tubes, and transmitting includes m circulator and reception with receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media
Machine, directional couple module include m directional coupler, and feed battle array includes m feed, power amplifier module to color dispersion-type phase shift at
Exported after signal progress power amplification after reason and give orientation coupling module,
Directional couple module is oriented coupling to the signal after the power amplification that receives, is divided into main line high-power signal
With subordinate line low-power level signal, and by main line high-power signal export Butler matrixes to output, subordinate line low-power level signal is exported
To transmitting with receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media；
The main line high-power signal for exporting the output of Butler matrix reception directional couples module carries out high-power synthesis, selection
The output port of Butler matrixes is exported by after signal output, is exported by transmitting with reception mixed-media network modules mixed-media and gives feed battle array；It is described
The output port for exporting Butler matrixes is corresponding with the input Butler Input matrixes port that electronic switch selects.
The subordinate line low-power level signal that transmitting receives the output of directional couple module with receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media carries out phase calculation, obtains
To Sensor gain and phase perturbations result, and Sensor gain and phase perturbations result is exported and gives phase monitoring module；The Sensor gain and phase perturbations are
The Sensor gain and phase perturbations of each travelling-wave tubes in power amplifier module；
Phase monitoring module exports phase calculation result to phase compensation block, to being subsequently input to power amplifier module
Signal carry out phase compensation so that the phase of power amplifier module output signal is consistent.
Fig. 4, which gives antenna beam, needs the power combining schemes of broadening, and at this moment, each wave beam needs two even two
More than feed formed, therefore it is high-power synthesize two networks symmetrical above and below, if necessary to multiple feeds, then need multiple
Network, it is contemplated that system complexity, the feed number that general each wave beam participates in should not be excessive.Antenna beam needs the work(of broadening
Power synthesizer in rate synthetic schemes includes the power synthesizer shown in a power splitter and n Fig. 3；
Input signal is divided into n roads by the power splitter, and output end respectively with the power synthesizer shown in n Fig. 3
Input connection, the n is positive integer more than or equal to 2.
2nd, high-power synthetic method operation principle
Without loss of generality, high-power synthesis network as shown in Figure 3, it is assumed that the transfer function matrix of input matrix is Tin,
The transfer function matrix of power amplifier matrix is Thp, the transfer function matrix of output matrix is Tout.Assuming that because Wave beam forming demand,
It is required that feed 1 works, remaining feed does not work.
Assuming that being controlled by small-signal electronic switch, make input port S of the small-signal from input matrixi4Input, then input
Small-signal vector is：
Si=(0 00 s4)T
It can be seen from Fig. 3, signal phasor of the input small-signal after input matrix is：
As can be seen here, small signal S is inputtediAfter input matrix, the signal power of each output port is equal, and phase is not
Together.Because in radar system, in order to improve power amplification efficiency, power amplifier typically requires to be operated under deep saturation state, as long as i.e. work(
The input signal power put changes in its excitation range, and gain is always a steady state value.In addition, in this high-power synthetic schemes
In, power amplifier matrix simply carries out power amplification to low-power level signal, and the transmission characteristic of power amplifier matrix can neither change each signal
Magnitude relationship, the phase relation of each signal can not be changed, otherwise the power combing effect of output matrix can receive influence, if phase
Position characteristic is adjusted by phase shift, compensates the inconsistency of each power amplifier additive phase, and input stimulus are adjusted by attenuator, make it
Meet the excitation requirement of each power amplifier, as long as ensureing that the output signal power of each power amplifier is consistent, it is ensured that attenuator and power amplifier
Integration gain is consistent, the requirement with regard to that can meet power combing.Because the output signal power of each power amplifier is consistent, therefore, routine side
One very big power demand of method requirement, it is possible to share out equally each power amplifier, amplified respectively by each power amplifier, it is possible to drop
The low high power requirement to power amplifier.The equal signal power of each output port of input matrix is favourable to power combing.When each
The gain of power amplifier and additive phase all same, i.e. k1=k2=k3=k4=k,When, signal phasor is through work(
Signal phasor after the transmission matrix put is：
Finally, signal phasor SBSignal phasor after output matrix is：
Two formulas more than, the power of 4 power amplifier output signals and with port So1Signal power is k2|s4|2, i.e., 4
Signal power after individual power amplifier amplification is all synthesized to port So1On, realize the purpose of high-power synthesis.
3rd, phase monitoring and compensation
According to prior art and technological level, the Sensor gain and phase perturbations of each passage power amplifier can only be controlled in ± 20 ° at present,
Along with the insertion phase error of each channel path, the final phase equalization of each passage is generally more than ± 30 ° of scopes, therefore,
If not taking in-orbit phase alignment measure, combined coefficient is difficult to reach to meet system requirements.
So subsystem carries out phase before imaging to each passage every time using phase alignment measure as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4
Monitoring and phase compensation, the phase equalization of each passage are accurately controlled in ± 5 °, by the combined coefficient of power synthesizer
It is maintained at more than 90%.Specific calibration program is that the output signal for being put each row by directional coupler is coupled to phase alignment net
Network, carry out phase calculation and obtain the Sensor gain and phase perturbations that each row is put, row phase school is put into each row further according to Sensor gain and phase perturbations
It is accurate.
Present invention is tackled key problems for the spaceborne light-duty high-power synthesis key technology of SAR radars of China's first generation
Achievement in research.Satellite orbital altitude is 400--600km, and service band X, antenna area is about 12m2, resolution ratio index request
For 0.5m × 0.5m, system sensitivity is that imaging breadth is 10km × 10km, therefore, system peak transmission power better than -20dB
For 6kW magnitudes, index request could be met, however, China, which does not possess 6kW aerospace level pulse rows also, puts research condition, it is necessary to adopt
Solved with high-power synthetic technology.We determined that high-power synthetic schemes as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, including following several realizations
Step：
(1) by the low-power level signal of the pre- power amplifier output of system, power splitter is input to, carries out work(point, if single feed is joined
With power splitter can not have；
(2) low-power level signal after power splitter work(point is input to input butler matrixes, carries out work(point and phase is non-
Dispersion managed；
(3) low-power level signal after inputting butler matrix disposals is input to phase compensation block and carries out color dispersion-type shifting
Phase processor, main function are to compensate the color dispersion-type phase error for synthesizing the introducing such as network path and pulse amplifier, phase compensation mould
The phase shift value of block needs to be determined according to phase monitoring result, realized by ground by upper note phase shifting parameter；
(4) low-power level signal after phase compensation block is handled is input to power amplifier module and carries out power amplification,
Power output after amplification is generally hundreds of on kilowatt, therefore, high-power signal is also commonly referred to as by power amplifier amplified signal,
But have not been met performance requirements, it is therefore desirable to further synthesis；
(5) high-power signal after power amplifier module amplifies is input to directional couple module, and main line exports big work(
Rate signal is to butler matrixes are exported, and to carry out power combing, subordinate line output low-power level signal to transmitting is with receiving network mould
Block, to carry out phase monitoring；
(6) the main line high-power signal after directional couple resume module is input to output butler matrixes, carries out most
Whole high-power synthesis, and export to transmitting with receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media；
(7) the subordinate line low-power level signal after directional couple resume module is input to transmitting with receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media, enters
Row is received, collection and phase calculation are handled, and obtains synthesizing path and the Sensor gain and phase perturbations of pulse amplifier etc. of each passage of network.
High-power synthesis example：
As shown in Figure 3, it is assumed that small-signal inputs from input butler Input matrixes port 4, defeated from output butler matrixes
Exit port So1、So2、So3、So4Big signal is exported, it is 59dBm that single row, which puts power, and the ideal power after synthesis is 65dBm.
(1) influence of amplitude phase error, isolation to combined coefficient
Table 1 is influence statistical result of the amplitude phase error to combined coefficient when butler matrix ports isolations are 20dB.
Table 1
Fig. 5 is influence of the butler matrix ports isolation to combined coefficient when amplitude phase error is ± 0.5dB and ± 5 °
As a result, wherein, abscissa is interport isolation, and ordinate is combined coefficient, by Fig. 5 it can be seen that, when isolation be 17dB with
When upper, efficiency is 97% or so, and actual isolation is 20dB, and efficiency can reach 98%.
(1) influence of amplitude phase error, isolation to combined coefficient
Fig. 6, Fig. 7 are respectively amplitude phase error for ± 0.5dB and ± 5 °, and butler matrix ports isolation is 20dB, signal
Pulsewidth is 30us, during with a width of 800MHz, signal waveform and pulse pressure result before and after synthesis.Fig. 6 abscissas are the burst length (us),
Ordinate is normalized signal amplitude, and Fig. 7 abscissas are the burst length (us), and ordinate is point target normalization work(after pulse pressure
Rate.As seen from Figure 6,2 times before signal amplitude about synthesizes after synthesis, i.e. power is 4 times, has reached the mesh that 4 tunnels synthesize 1 tunnel
, as seen from Figure 7, signal pulse pressure performance is completely the same before and after synthesis, illustrates that the present invention will not introduce extra error to signal.
According to above-mentioned high-power synthesis sample result, the inventive method meets the spaceborne high-power mission needs of light-duty SAR, with
And signal performance requirement.
The content not being described in detail in description of the invention belongs to the known technology of professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. power synthesizer for spaceborne light-duty SAR, it is characterised in that：Including ripple position control module, input Butler matrixes, phase compensation block, power amplifier module, directional couple module, phase monitoring module, output Butler squares Battle array, transmitting are with receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media and feed battle array；Ripple position control module using electronic switch selection input Butler matrixes input port, by input signal from selection Input port be sent to input Butler matrixes in；The input Butler matrixes are output to phase compensation mould after work(point and the control of phase on-dispersive are carried out to the signal of input Block carries out color dispersion-type phase shift processing；The phase compensation block includes m phase shifter；The power amplifier module includes m travelling-wave tubes, and transmitting includes m circulator and receiver with receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media, fixed Include m directional coupler to coupling module, feed battle array includes m feed, after power amplifier module is handled color dispersion-type phase shift Signal carry out power amplification after export coupling module to orientation；Directional couple module is oriented coupling to the signal after the power amplification that receives, is divided into main line high-power signal and auxiliary Line low-power level signal, and main line high-power signal is exported and gives output Butler matrixes, subordinate line low-power level signal is exported to hair Penetrate with receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media；The main line high-power signal for exporting the output of Butler matrix reception directional couples module carries out high-power synthesis, selection output The output port of Butler matrixes is exported with reception mixed-media network modules mixed-media by transmitting by after signal output and gives feed battle array；The subordinate line low-power level signal that transmitting receives the output of directional couple module with receiving mixed-media network modules mixed-media carries out phase calculation, obtains phase Position inconsistency result, and Sensor gain and phase perturbations result is exported and gives phase monitoring module；The Sensor gain and phase perturbations are power The Sensor gain and phase perturbations of each travelling-wave tubes in amplification module；Phase monitoring module exports phase calculation result to phase compensation block, the letter to being subsequently input to power amplifier module Number carry out phase compensation so that the phase of power amplifier module output signal is consistent.
- A kind of 2. power synthesizer for spaceborne light-duty SAR according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described defeated The output port for going out Butler matrixes is corresponding with the input Butler Input matrixes port that electronic switch selects.
- A kind of 3. power synthesizer for spaceborne light-duty SAR according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The m is 2 positive integer times.
- A kind of 4. power synthesizer for spaceborne light-duty SAR, it is characterised in that：Will including a power splitter and n right Seek the power synthesizer described in 1；Input signal is divided into n roads by the power splitter, and output end respectively with power synthesizer described in n claim 1 Input connection, the n is positive integer more than or equal to 2.
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| CN106597392B (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2019-09-06 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of SAR system phase error compensation method |
| CN107483129B (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2021-07-09 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Waveguide cable hybrid broadband system and phase matching method |
| WO2019059934A1 (en) | 2017-09-22 | 2019-03-28 | Viasat, Inc. | Flexible intra-satellite signal pathways |
| CN107979968A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-05-01 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of Phase amplitude-matched ring backup architecture |
| CN110635810B (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2021-06-25 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Four-channel-to-one high-power transmitting system and channel hot switching method and application thereof |
| CN108830009B (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2020-07-28 | 西安电子科技大学 | Unequal power distribution focusing transmission reflective array antenna design method |
| CN110018455B (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2023-08-08 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Amplitude-phase consistency error calibration measurement method between satellite-borne SAR imaging receiving channels |
| CN110821770B (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-07-09 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Electric propulsion system based on satellite-borne application system microwave source |
| CN111082817B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-04-06 | 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 | Phase compensation method and system for improving linearity |
| CN112600592B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-10-08 | 广东纳睿雷达科技股份有限公司 | Butler matrix phase weighting optimization method and Butler matrix |
| CN116155363B (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2024-02-27 | 中国人民解放军61096部队 | Multi-beam satellite wireless communication signal resource allocation method, electronic equipment and medium |
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